1.

Definition
Discussion text is a type of text that presents an issue, problem, or topic from different
points of view (pros and cons).

2. Social Function
The social function of a discussion text is to present information and opinions about an
issue fairly, by showing both advantages and disadvantages, so that readers or listeners
can make a more informed and balanced judgment.

In short:

• To discuss a controversial issue.

• To give different perspectives (pros and cons).
• To help readers consider arguments before taking a position.

Example of topics: Should homework be banned? / Is technology more helpful than harmful?
/ Should plastic bags be prohibited?

3. Generic Structure
1. Issue (Introduction)
• Introduces the topic or problem being discussed.
• Example: “There is a debate about whether social media brings more benefits
or harms.”

2. Arguments for (Pros)

• Provides supporting points or positive sides of the issue.
• Example: “Social media helps people communicate easily and share
information quickly.”

3. Arguments against (Cons)

• Provides opposing points or negative sides of the issue.
• Example: “However, social media can cause addiction and spread fake
news.”

4. Conclusion / Recommendation
• Summarizes both sides and gives a conclusion or suggestion.
• Example: “In conclusion, social media can be useful if used wisely and
responsibly.”
Should Social Media Be Restricted for Teenagers?

Social media has become one of the most powerful tools of communication in today’s world.
Platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook are used daily by millions of teenagers around
the globe. While some people argue that social media is beneficial for teenagers as it helps
them connect with others and express themselves, others believe it should be restricted because
of the many dangers it poses. This issue has sparked wide debates among parents, educators,
and policymakers.

The main question is whether social media should be limited for teenagers in order to protect
them from harm, or whether they should be allowed to use it freely with guidance. Both sides
of this debate deserve careful consideration.

One important argument in favor of restricting social media is that it can negatively affect
teenagers’ mental health. Studies show that teenagers who spend many hours online are more
likely to experience anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, especially when they compare
themselves to others on social media. By setting restrictions, parents and schools can help
reduce these negative effects.

Another reason is the danger of cyberbullying. Teenagers are often victims of online
harassment, hate speech, or bullying that can spread quickly through social media platforms.
Restricting usage could reduce the amount of time they are exposed to such harmful behavior.

Social media also distracts teenagers from their studies. Many students spend hours scrolling
through their feeds or making content, which leaves them with little time to complete
homework or study for exams. Restrictions would help students focus more on academic
responsibilities.

In addition, restricting social media can protect teenagers from harmful content. The internet
is filled with inappropriate materials such as violence, pornography, and misinformation.
Without strict control, teenagers may be influenced by these dangerous contents, which could
shape their behavior in negative ways.

Finally, limiting social media use encourages teenagers to engage in healthier activities. Instead
of spending all their free time online, they could play sports, develop hobbies, or spend quality
time with family and friends. This creates a better balance in their lives.

On the other hand, there are strong arguments against restricting social media for teenagers.
One of the biggest advantages is that social media helps teenagers stay connected. It allows
them to maintain friendships, communicate with family members who live far away, and build
new social networks.

Social media is also an important platform for self-expression. Teenagers can share their ideas,
talents, and creativity with a wider audience. Many young people have discovered their
passions and even built careers through social media platforms.

In addition, social media provides access to information and education. Teenagers can follow
news updates, join online learning communities, and gain knowledge beyond the classroom.
Restricting their use of social media might mean limiting their opportunities for learning.
Another important point is that banning or strictly restricting social media might not be
realistic. Teenagers are highly resourceful, and many will find ways to bypass restrictions.
Instead of banning, teaching them how to use social media responsibly may be more effective.

Finally, social media can promote awareness and activism. Many teenagers use online
platforms to raise their voices about social issues, such as climate change, gender equality, or
human rights. Restricting access might silence these voices and reduce their participation in
society.

In conclusion, the debate about restricting social media for teenagers has both strong
advantages and disadvantages. While it may protect them from harmful content, distractions,
and mental health problems, it may also limit their ability to connect, express themselves, and
learn. A balanced solution may be the best approach. Instead of banning social media
completely, parents and educators could set reasonable time limits and provide guidance on
safe usage. This way, teenagers can enjoy the benefits of social media while minimizing its
risks.

4. Language Features
Simple Present Tense → “People argue that …”

Connectives / Linking Words

• For Pros: firstly, moreover, in addition, on the other hand

• For Cons: however, although, nevertheless, in contrast

Modal Verbs → should, must, may, might, could

Technical Terms related to the topic → pollution, democracy, technology

Neutral / Objective Language → avoid emotional words, use formal tone

Exercises:

Should Homework Be Banned in Schools?

Homework has been a part of the education system for centuries. Teachers assign tasks to be
completed outside of class with the purpose of reinforcing lessons and building discipline.
However, the effectiveness and necessity of homework have been widely debated. Some
believe it strengthens learning, while others argue it places unnecessary stress on students. This
discussion explores both sides of the issue.

First, students already spend long hours in school, usually between six and eight hours a day.
When they go home, many are exhausted and need time to rest, play, or spend with their
families. Adding more schoolwork after such a long day often increases stress and reduces their
enthusiasm for learning. Instead of helping, homework may lead to burnout.

Second, homework reduces students’ opportunities to engage in other important activities.

Young people need time for sports, arts, hobbies, and socializing with friends. These activities
are essential for developing creativity, teamwork, and life skills that cannot be learned only in
the classroom. If students spend all their free time doing homework, they may miss these
valuable experiences.

Third, homework often creates inequality. Students from wealthier families may have access
to private tutors, supportive parents, or quiet study spaces at home. Meanwhile, students from
disadvantaged backgrounds may struggle without guidance or resources, making homework an
unfair burden that increases the education gap.

On the other hand, many teachers and parents argue that homework is essential for reinforcing
knowledge. When students practice at home, they remember lessons better and become more
independent learners. Homework also helps teachers identify which students need extra support
and which concepts need to be reviewed.

Additionally, homework builds important life skills such as responsibility, discipline, and time
management. In the real world, individuals often have to complete tasks independently and
manage deadlines. Homework prepares students for this reality, teaching them to work without
constant supervision.

Moreover, homework can encourage parental involvement in education. When children do

homework at home, parents can monitor their progress, provide assistance, and better
understand what their children are learning at school. This can strengthen the bond between
parents and children while also supporting academic achievement.

Some also argue that banning homework completely could send the wrong message—that
learning happens only inside the classroom. In reality, education is a lifelong process, and
encouraging students to read, research, or practice outside school hours reinforces the idea that
learning should continue beyond school walls.

In conclusion, the debate about homework reveals strong arguments on both sides. It can be
stressful, time-consuming, and unfair, but it also reinforces knowledge, teaches discipline, and
prepares students for the future. Rather than banning homework entirely, schools should find a
balance by giving meaningful, limited assignments that support learning without
overwhelming students. In this way, homework can remain a useful tool while still allowing
children time for rest, family, and personal development.

Should Social Media Be Restricted for Teenagers?

Social media has become a central part of teenagers’ lives. Platforms such as Instagram,
TikTok, and Twitter allow young people to connect, share, and express themselves. However,
many experts are concerned about the negative effects on mental health and safety. This raises
the debate about whether social media should be restricted for teenagers.

Firstly, excessive use of social media has been linked to mental health problems such as
anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Teenagers often compare themselves to unrealistic
images online, leading to body image issues and stress. Restricting social media could protect
young minds from these harmful effects.

Secondly, teenagers are highly vulnerable to cyberbullying. Many cases of harassment, insults,
or even threats happen online. Such experiences can deeply affect their confidence and
emotional well-being. Limiting their access may reduce the risks of online bullying.

Thirdly, social media can be highly addictive. Instead of studying or sleeping, many teenagers
spend hours scrolling through content. This negatively impacts their academic performance
and physical health. Restriction could help them develop healthier routines.

On the other hand, social media also provides many benefits. It allows teenagers to connect
with friends, share their creativity, and access valuable information. Cutting off these platforms
could isolate them socially and limit their learning opportunities.

Furthermore, social media helps teenagers build digital literacy—a skill essential in the modern
world. By using online platforms responsibly, they learn how to navigate technology, create
content, and engage in digital communities. A ban might prevent them from gaining these
skills.

Another argument is that restriction may not be effective. Teenagers are often more tech-savvy
than adults and can find ways to bypass parental controls. Instead of banning, teaching
responsible use may be more practical.

Lastly, social media can empower teenagers to raise awareness about issues they care about.
Many young activists use these platforms to campaign for climate change, education, and
equality. Restriction could silence their voices.

In conclusion, while restricting social media may protect teenagers from harm, it also limits
opportunities for connection and learning. A more balanced approach could be promoting
digital literacy and setting time limits, rather than banning social media altogether.
Should Plastic Bags Be Banned?
Plastic bags are widely used because they are cheap and convenient. However, they also create
enormous environmental problems, polluting oceans and harming wildlife. This has led to the
global debate about whether plastic bags should be banned.

Firstly, plastic bags are one of the biggest contributors to pollution. They take hundreds of
years to decompose, filling landfills and harming marine life. A ban would reduce this
environmental damage.

Secondly, wildlife often mistake plastic bags for food. Turtles, birds, and fish can choke or die
after eating plastic. By banning plastic bags, governments can protect biodiversity.

Thirdly, banning plastic bags encourages people to switch to eco-friendly alternatives such as
reusable cloth bags. This small change could significantly reduce waste.

However, banning plastic bags could cause difficulties for businesses and consumers. Many
small shops rely on cheap plastic bags, and alternatives can be more expensive. This could
increase costs for customers.

Secondly, not all alternatives are truly eco-friendly. For example, paper bags require cutting
down trees and consume large amounts of water and energy in production. Sometimes they
create different environmental problems.

Thirdly, plastic bags are practical for many uses such as carrying wet goods or storing trash.
Without them, people might face inconvenience in daily life.

In conclusion, banning plastic bags has both advantages and challenges. Instead of a complete
ban, governments could introduce gradual policies, such as charging fees for plastic bags, to
encourage people to switch to greener alternatives.

Should Online Learning Replace Traditional Classrooms?

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, online learning has become a common method of education.
Some believe it is the future of learning, while others argue traditional classrooms are still
irreplaceable.

Online learning allows flexibility. Students can access materials anytime and anywhere, which
is useful for those with different learning paces.

It also reduces costs. Schools can save money on facilities, while students can learn from home
without paying for transportation or accommodation.

Moreover, online platforms provide access to global resources. Students can attend
international webinars, download e-books, and connect with experts worldwide.
However, online learning lacks social interaction. Students miss face-to-face discussions,
teamwork, and friendships that are essential in school life.

Secondly, not all students have equal access to technology. Those from poor families may
struggle with internet connection and devices. This widens the education gap.

Thirdly, online learning can reduce students’ discipline. Without direct supervision, many
students may procrastinate or skip classes.

In conclusion, online learning has many benefits but cannot fully replace traditional
classrooms. A blended approach that combines online and offline methods could be the best
solution.

Should Animals Be Used for Scientific Experiments?

Animal testing has been used for centuries to develop medicines and cosmetics. However, the
practice is controversial. Some argue it is necessary for human safety, while others believe it
is cruel.

Animal testing helps ensure that medicines and vaccines are safe before being given to humans.
Without testing, people could face dangerous side effects. It has also contributed to major
medical breakthroughs, such as treatments for diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. Furthermore,
animals share many biological similarities with humans, making them effective models for
experiments.

On the other hand, animal testing is considered inhumane. Animals suffer pain, stress, and
sometimes death during experiments. Many people believe this is unethical. Secondly, animal
testing does not always guarantee human safety. Some drugs that worked on animals failed in
humans, showing the limitations of the method. Thirdly, there are now alternative methods,
such as computer modeling and cell cultures, which can reduce the need for animal
experiments.

In conclusion, while animal testing has contributed to science, it also raises ethical concerns.
The best path forward may be reducing animal testing while investing more in alternative
methods.
Should Smartphones Be Allowed in Classrooms?
Smartphones have become an inseparable part of students’ lives. Many schools face the
challenge of deciding whether smartphones should be allowed in classrooms. Supporters argue
that they can be useful learning tools, while critics worry about distractions.

Firstly, smartphones provide access to educational resources. Students can quickly search for
information, use dictionaries, or access e-books during lessons. Secondly, smartphones allow
innovative learning methods. Teachers can use interactive apps, quizzes, and online platforms
to make lessons more engaging. Thirdly, smartphones improve communication. Students can
collaborate with peers through group chats or submit assignments online.

On the other hand, smartphones can be very distracting. Many students may secretly use social
media or play games instead of paying attention. Secondly, smartphones can encourage
cheating. Students may look up answers during exams or share test questions with friends.
Thirdly, not all students have equal access to high-quality smartphones or internet connections,
which could create inequality in learning.

In conclusion, while smartphones can support education, they also carry risks. Schools should
regulate their use, allowing them only for academic purposes under teacher supervision.