Erbil polytechnic

university
Erbil technology
college

Introd
uction
of
Statist Prepared By:
1-Zhala S. Hasan
ics 2-Shahla
(Problem Abdulstar
3-Helin Ali
&
4-Muzhda Rasul
solution)
S4 -G1

Supervisor:
M. Lawin Dh. Hayder
Frequency distribution

Problem (1):

A sociologist conducted a survey of 20 adults. She wants to

report the frequency distribution of the ages of the survey
respondents. The respondents were the following ages in
years:

52, 34, 32, 29, 63, 40, 46, 54, 36, 36, 24, 19, 45, 20, 28, 29,
38, 33, 49, 37

Solution:

19, 20 , 24 , 28 , 29 , 29 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 40 , 45 , 46
, 49 , 52 , 54 , 63

Range = highest value – Lowest value

= 63 – 19

= 44

Number of classes = 2k  n

n = 20

25  20

Number of classes = 5
range
Class width = number of class

44
= 5 = 8.8 ≈ 9

Age (year) Frequency

(class) (fi)

19 – 28 3

28 - 37 8

37 – 46 4

2
 46 – 55 4

55 - 64 1

 fi = 20

Problem (2):

The following data represents the date production of 50

farms in one province, construct a frequency distribution
table:

49 47 46 58 40 80 36 38 52 44 63 91 54 25 38 64 50 82 44 25
52 47 35 53 40 35 48 26 38 76 45 35 82 88 97 75 47 28 46 50
25 65 15 20 78 96 40 70 22 16

Solution:

15 16 20 22 25 25 25 26 28 35 35 35 36

38 38 38 40 40 40 44 44 45 46 46 47 47

47 48 49 50 50 52 52 53 54 58 63 64 65

70 75 76 78 80 82 82 88 91 96 97

Frequency
Range = highest value – Lowest (class) (fi)
value
15 - 29 9
= 97 – 15 29 – 43 10

43 – 57 16

= 82 57 – 71 5

Number of classes = 2k  n 71 – 85 6

85 - 99 4
n = 50
 fi = 50
26  50

Number of classes = 6

3
 range
Class width = number of class

82
= 6 = 13.66 ≈ 14

4
 Relative
Frequency
Problem (1):

The following data are the heights (in inches to the nearest
half inch) of 100 male semiprofessional soccer players. The
heights are continuous data since height is measured.

60, 60.5, 61, 61, 61.5,63.5, 63.5, 63.5,64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64,
64, 64.5, 64.5, 64.5, 64.5, 64.5, 64.5, 64.5, 64.5,66, 66, 66,
66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66.5, 66.5, 66.5, 66.5, 66.5, 66.5,
66.5, 66.5, 66.5, 66.5, 66.5, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67,
67, 67, 67, 67, 67.5, 67.5, 67.5, 67.5, 67.5, 67.5, 67.5,68, 68,
69, 69, 69, 69, 69, 69, 69, 69, 69, 69, 69.5, 69.5, 69.5, 69.5,
69.5,70, 70, 70, 70, 70, 70, 70.5, 70.5, 70.5, 71, 71, 71,72,
72, 72, 72.5, 72.5, 73, 73.5,74

Solution:
fi
Relative frequency = fi

HEIGHTS RELATIVE
(INCHES) FREQUENCY FREQUENCY

59.95–61.95 5 51005100 = .05

61.95–63.95 3 31003100 = .03

63.95–65.95 15 1510015100 = .15

65.95–67.95 40 4010040100 = .40

67.95–69.95 17 1710017100 = .17

69.95–71.95 12 1210012100 = .12

71.95–73.95 7 71007100 = .07

73.95–75.95 1 11001100 = .01

5
HEIGHTS RELATIVE
(INCHES) FREQUENCY FREQUENCY

Total = 100 Total = 1.00

6
problem (2):
Find the relative frequency of each term from the table. The table added
below shows the marks scored by 30 students in a test out of 10.

Marks Frequency

5 9

6 7

7 6

8 2

9 6

Solution:
fi
Relative frequency = fi

Relative
Marks Frequency
Frequency
5 9 9 /30 = 0.3

6 7 7/30 = 0.2333

7 6 6/30 = 0.2

8 2 2/30 = 0.066

9 6 6/30 = 0.2

7
Graphs

Problem (1): (Bar Chart)

Consumers were polled about their favorite ice cream

flavors in a survey. Draw a bar graph for the following data:

Flavor of Ice- Frequency

cream
Vanilla 16
Strawberry 5
Chocolate 12
Mint Chocolate 3
Others 6

Solution:

18

16

14
Frequency (fi)

12

10

0
Vanilla Strawberry Chocolate Mint Chocolate Others

Class

8
Problem (2): (Pie Chart)

100 people were asked about how they travel to work. Draw
a pie chart to represent the data in the frequency table. Bye
both method:

transport Frequency
Bike 10
Buse 30
Car 40
Foot 20
 fi = 100

Solution:
Or:
Frequncy
Angle = Total Frequency ×360 Frequncy
percentage = Total Frequency ×100
10 10
Angle (Bike) = 100 ×360 = 36 percentage (Bike) = 100 ×100 =
10%
30
Angle (Bus) = 100 ×360 = 108
30
percentage (Bus) = 100 ×100 =
40
Angle (Car) = 100 ×360 = 144 30%
20 40
Angle (Foot) = 100 ×360 = 72 percentage (Car) = 100 ×100 =

9
Problem (3): (Line Chart)

The table represents Akshay’s weight in kilograms for five

months. Draw the line graph for the information provided.

Month Akshay’s weight in

kilogram
January 48
February 53
March 60
April 68
May 72

Solution:

72
68
60
53
48
Month

January February March April May

Weight

10
Problem (4): (Histogram Chart)

The time taken (in seconds) by 25 students to solve a

problem was:

17, 20, 24, 26, 27, 30, 38, 34, 40, 35, 47, 41, 44, 49, 45, 48,
44, 54, 50, 60, 58, 58, 63, 55, 20.

Solution:

17 , 20 , 20 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 44 , 44 , 45 ,
47 , 48 , 49, 50 , 54 , 55 , 58 , 58 , 60 , 63

Time Taken (in Number of

seconds) Students
10-20 1
20-30 5
30-40 4
40-50 8
50-60 5
60-70 2

11
Problem (5): (Frequency Polygon)

Draw the frequency polygon graph for the following frequency

distribution:

Class frequencies
5-7 15
7-9 18
9-11 28
11-13 7
13-15 22
15-17 35

Solution:

Class frequencies Mid point

5-7 15 5+7
2
=6
7-9 18 7+9
2
=8
9-11 28 9+11
2
= 10
11-13 7 11+13
2
= 12
13-15 22 13+15
2
= 14
15-17 35 15+17
2
= 16

12
Arithmetic mean:
Problem (1):
The following table shows the number of plants in 20 houses
in a group.

Number
12 -
of 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8 - 10 10 - 12
14
Plants
Number
of 1 2 2 4 6 2 3
Houses

Find the mean number of plans per house.

Solution:
umber of Number of Class Mark fixi
Plant Houses (xi)
(fi)
0-2 1 1 1×1=1
2-4 2 3 2×3=6
4-6 2 5 2 × 5 = 10
6-8 4 7 4 × 7 = 28
8 - 10 6 9 6 × 9 = 54
10 - 12 2 11 2 × 11 = 22
12 -14 3 13 3 × 13 = 39
0-2 1 1 1×1=1
∑ fi=20 ∑ ( fixi )=160

∑fi = 1 + 2 + 2 + 4 + 6 + 2 + 3 = 20

∑fi xi =1 + 6 + 10 + 28 + 54 + 22 + 39 = 160

∑( f i x i)
mean = ∑f i
160
= 20
= 8 plants
13
Problem (2):

The marks scored by 30 students of class 10 of a certain

school in the Maths paper consisting of 100 marks is given
below in the tabular form. Find the mean of the marks
obtained by the class 10 students.

Marks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 8 9
obtained 50 92
0 0 6 0 6 0 0 2 0 8 5
(xi)
Number of
students 1 1 3 4 3 2 4 4 1 1 2 3 1
(fi)

Solution:

Marks Number of fixi

Obtained students (fi)
(xi)
10 1 10
20 1 20
36 3 108
40 4 160
50 3 150
56 2 112
60 4 240
70 4 280
72 1 72
80 1 80
88 2 176
92 3 276
95 1 95
Total Σfi = 30 Σfixi = 1779

∑( f i x i) 1779
Mean = ∑f i
= 30 = 59.3
14
Problem (3):
Weights of 6 boys in a group are 63, 57, 39, 41, 45,
45. Find the mean weight.
Solution:

Number of observations = 6
Sum of all the observations = 63 + 57 + 39 + 41 + 45 + 45
= 290
Therefore, arithmetic mean = 290/6 = 48.3

Problem (4)

A student scored 80%, 72%, 50%, 64% and 74%

marks in five subjects in an examination. Find the
mean percentage of marks obtained by him.
Solution:

x1 = 80, x2 = 72, x3 = 50, x4 = 64, x5 = 74.

x 1+ x 2+ x 3+ x 4+ x 5
mean A = 5

80+72+50+64 +74
= 5
340
= 5
= 68

15
Geomatic mean:
Problem (1):

The following is the distribution of marks obtained

by 109 students in a subject in an institution. Find
the Geometric mean.

Solution:

16
Problem (2):
Find the Geometric mean for the following

Solution:
17
Problem (3):
If the weights of sorghum ear heads are 45, 60,
48,100, 65 gms. Find the Geometric mean for the
following data

18
Solution:

Here n = 5

Problem (4):
Calculate the geometric mean of the following data: 10, 110,
120, 50, 52, 80

19
 Solution:

harmonic mean:

20
Problem (1):
The following data is obtained from the survey.
Compute H.M

Solution:

Problem (2):
Calculate the harmonic mean for the following data:
x 1 3 5 7 9 11
21
 f 2 4 6 8 10 12

Solution:
x f 1/x f/x
1 2 1 2
3 4 0.333 1.332
5 6 0.2 1.2
7 8 0.143 1.144
9 10 0.1111 1.111
11 12 0.091 1.092
N =42 Σ f/x = 7.879

HMw = N / [ (f1/x1) + (f2/x2) + (f3/x3)+ ….(fn/xn) ]

HMw = 42 / 7.879
HMw = 5.331

Problem (3):
Calculate Harmonic mean from the following data
10,50,30,20,10,20,70,30
Solution:

Problem (4):

22
Calculate Harmonic mean from the following data
73,70,71,73,68,67,69,72,76,71

Solution:

Median:
23
Problem (1): (Even Number)

The marks scored by 12 students of a class are given

by:
40, 50, 60, 55, 70, 45, 60, 80, 65, 50, 82, 58
Find the median marks of the given students.

Solution:
Ascending order:
40, 45, 50, 50, 55, 58, 60, 60, 65, 70, 80, 82
12 is an even number, i.e. n = 12 and n/2 = 12/2 = 6.
6th observation is 58.
7th observation is 60.
Median = (58 + 60)/2 = 118/2 = 59

Problem (2): (Odd number)

Given below are the ages (in years) of 15 employees
in the HR department of a company.
24, 49, 35, 27, 36, 40, 30, 25, 32, 26, 34, 40, 42, 28,
32
Find the median age of the employees in the HR
department.

Solution:
Ascending order:
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 32, 34, 35, 36, 40, 40, 42, 49
15 is an odd number, i.e. n = 15 and (n+1)/2 = (15 + 1)/2
=8

24
8th observation = 32
Hence, the median age = 32 years.

Problem (3): (Discrete Grouped data):

The shoe size of 155 people was recorded, and the raw data was
presented in the form of the following frequency table:

Size of shoe 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0
Frequency 10 18 22 25 40 15 10 8 7
Obtain the median size of the shoe.

Solution:
Size of shoe Frequency Cumulative
frequency
4.0 10 10
4.5 18 28
5.0 22 50
5.5 25 75
6.0 40 115
6.5 15 130
7.0 10 140
7.5 8 148
8.0 7 155
N = 155

In this example, there are 155 observations, which is an

odd number. Therefore,

155+1
Median = Observation in the ( 2
¿ position

= Observation in the 78th position

According to the table, the number whose cumulative

frequency is greater than 78 is 6. Hence, the median size of
the shoe is 6.

25
26
Problem (4): (Continuous grouped data):

Find the median of the following frequency distribution.

Marks 0-10 10-30 30-60 60-80 80-90

Number of
8 20 36 24 12
students

Solution:

Number of Cumulative
Marks
students frequency
0-10 8 8
10-30 20 28
30-60 36 64
60-80 24 88
80-90 12 100
N = 100

N
N=100 , 2
= 50

100
The cumulative frequency just greater than ( 2 = 50) is 64
and the corresponding class is 30-60. Hence, 30-60 is the
median class.

27
 mode
Problem (1):

Find the mode of the following data distribution:

Classes 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- 70-
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Frequency 2 14 10 13 14 18 10

Solution:

The modal class is 60-70. Now,

l = 60
fm = 18
f1 = 14
f2 = 10
h = 70 – 60 = 10
f m−f 1
Mode = L+h ( f −f ) +(f −f )
m 1 m 2

18−14
= 60+10 ( 18−14 ) +(18−10)

= 63.333

28
Problem (2):

Calculate the mode of the following data

distribution:
Age (in year) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35

Number of 6 11 18 24 17 13 5
patients

Solution:

Clearly, the modal class is 15-20, then

l = 15
fm = 24
f1 = 18
f2 = 17
h = 20 – 15 = 5
f m−f 1
Mode = L+h ( f −f ) +(f −f )
m 1 m 2

24−18
= 15+5 ( 24−18 ) +(24−17)

= 17.37 years

29
References:
1- An Introduction to Statistics with Python - With Applications
in the Life Sciences, Thomas Haslwanter, Second Edition
2- Median - Median-Ungrouped, Grouped Frequency
Distribution | Formula, Example Solved Problems | Statistics
| Maths ([Link])
3- Harmonic mean Example for ungrouped data
([Link])
4- Harmonic Mean (H.M) - Definition, Formula, and Examples
([Link])
5- Harmonic Mean (H.M.) - Formula, Solved Example Problems
([Link])
6- lec04 ([Link])
7- [Link] ([Link])
8- pract02 ([Link])
9- Mode Formula - Mode Formula for Ungrouped and Grouped
Data ([Link])
10- Median of Grouped Data - Formula, Steps and Examples |
CK-12 Foundation ([Link])

30