BINOMIAL THEOREM BO-M-MIII-289
MIND MAP
SUMMATION OF SERIES OF BINOMIAL MIDDLE TERM/TERMS
COEFFICIENTS
In the binomial expansion of (x + y)n.
The sum of the binomial coefficients in the
expansion of (1 + x)n is 2n WHEN n IS ODD
The sum of the coefficients of the odd terms in the There are (n + 1) i.e. even terms in the expansion
expansion of (1 + x)n is equal to the sum of the and hence two middle terms given by
coefficients of the even terms and each is equal to n 1 n 1
2n 1 n 1
t n 1 nC n 1 x 2 y 2 for r
Differentiation can be used to solve series in which 2 2
2
each term is a product of an integer and a binomial n 1 n 1
coefficient i.e. in the form knCr. n 1
and t n 3 nC n 1 x 2 y 2 for r
Integration can be used to solve series in which 2
2 2
each term is a binomial coefficient divided by an
n WHEN n IS EVEN
Cr
integer i.e. in the form .
k There are odd terms in the expansion and hence
Product of two expansions can be used to solve only one middle term given by
some problems related to series of binomial n
coefficients in which each term is a product of two t n n C n / 2 x n / 2 y n / 2 for r
1 2
binomial coefficients. 2
BINOMIAL THEOREM
BINOMIAL THEOREM FOR POSITIVE INDEX
NUMERICALLY GREATEST TERM
For a positive integer n, (x + y)n = nC0 xn + nC1 xn1 y1 +
In the expansion of (1 + x)n, calculate
n!
|x| n
C2 xn2 y2 + ….. + nCn x0yn where nC r for
m (n 1) (n r ) ! r !
1 | x |
r = 0, 1, 2, ……. , n are called binomial coefficient.
If m is an integer, then there are two terms with
numerically greatest magnitude, for r = m and GENERAL TERM
The general term in the expansion of (x + y)n is
r = m 1 i.e. tm+1 and tm.
(r + 1)th term, given by tr+1 = nCr xnr y r where r = 0,
If m is not an integer, then there is only one 1, 2 ……… n.
numerically greatest tern, for r = [m] i.e. t[m]+1 ,
Every term in the expansion is of nth degree in
where [m] is the greatest integer function of m.
variables x and y.
In general for the expansion The total number of terms in the expansion is n + 1.
n
x Binomial theorem can also be expressed as
(a + x)n or an 1
a n
we can consider m (n 1)
| x/a |
.
( x y )n
r 0
n
Cr x n r y r .
1 | x / a |
The binomial coefficients of the expansion
equidistant from the beginning and the end are
BINOMIAL THEOREM FOR ANY INDEX equal. In other words nCr = nCnr.
The ratio of (r + 1)th coefficient to r th coefficient is
If n R, 1 < x < 1, then
n r 1
n (n 1) 2
(1 x )n 1 nx x ..... r
2!
n (n 1) (n 2).....(n r 1) r
x .....
r! MULTINOMIAL EXPANSION
In the expansion if n R and n > 0 then 1 x < 1. If n N, then the general term of the multinomial
expansion (x1 + x2 + x3 + ….. + xk)n is
n
Cr can not be used because it is defined only for
natural number. n! a a a a
x 1 . x 22 . x 33 ......x k k ,
a1 ! a2 ! a3 !..... ak 1
If x be so small then its square and higher powers
may be neglected, then approximate value of where a1 + a2 + a3 + ….. + ak = n
and 0 ai n, i = 1, 2, 3, ……. k.
(1 + x)n = 1 + nx. and the number of terms in the expansion are
n+k1
Ck1.
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