Student Resource – Prep II Term I

Exploring Rivers with AI

Notes & Summaries

1. Rivers have three main courses/reaches:
o Upper course: Steep valleys, waterfalls, V-shaped channels.
o Middle course: Wider valleys, meanders, gentler slopes.
o Lower course: Floodplains, deltas, and slower water flow.
2. Artificial Intelligence (AI) means when computers are trained to think and make decisions like humans. AI can
follow rules (if/else logic) to give answers.
3. In Scratch, students can build a River Bot using rule-based reasoning:
o If the Google Maps link has certain coordinates → classify the river as upper, middle, or lower reach.
4. Data Ethics is about respecting privacy and asking before collecting/sharing personal or location data. Example:
“Do you allow location access?”
5. AI can sometimes make mistakes (bias or inaccuracy) because it depends on the rules or data given. That’s why
testing and checking accuracy are important.

Definitions & Theory Concepts

1. Artificial Intelligence (AI): When computers are designed to learn, decide, or act like humans.
2. Rule-Based Reasoning: Using “if–then” rules to make decisions.
3. River Course: The path a river takes from its source (upper) to its mouth (lower).
4. Data Ethics: The study of using data responsibly, especially respecting privacy.
5. Bias in AI: When an AI makes unfair or incorrect decisions because of limited or wrong rules/data.

Student Notes (Detailed Key Points)

1. Upper course = steep slopes, narrow valleys, fast water.
2. Middle course = wider valleys, meanders, slower flow.
3. Lower course = deltas, floodplains, fertile land.
4. AI bots can classify rivers using if/else conditions.
5. Always ask before sharing location → Privacy is important.

MCQs with Answers

1. Which river feature is found in the upper course?
a) Deltas
b) Meanders
c) Waterfalls
d) Floodplains
2. What does AI stand for?
a) Advanced Information
b) Artificial Intelligence
c) Automated Input
d) Applied Internet
3. Which tool helps in finding river coordinates?
a) MS Word
b) Google Maps
c) Scratch
d) Excel
4. The middle course of a river usually has:
a) Narrow valleys
b) Floodplains
c) Meanders
d) Waterfalls
5. Rule-based reasoning is:
Student Resource – Prep II Term I

a) Random guessing
b) If-else decision making
c) Copying data
d) Voice recognition

Fill in the Blanks with Answers

1. AI stands for Artificial Intelligence.
2. The upper course of a river has steep valleys and waterfalls.
3. The lower course forms deltas and floodplains.
4. Google Maps is used to find river locations and coordinates.
5. Respecting privacy in AI is part of Data Ethics.

Question & Answers (Short + Long)

1. Q: What is AI in simple words?
A: AI is when computers are made to think and decide like humans.
2. Q: Name one feature of the upper river course.
A: Steep valleys or waterfalls.
3. Q: Why should we ask before sharing location data?
A: To protect privacy and prevent misuse of personal information.
4. Q: How can Scratch be used in studying rivers?
A: By making a bot that classifies river courses using rules.
5. Q: Explain how AI can make mistakes.
A: AI may give wrong answers if the rules or data it follows are incomplete, leading to bias.

Reasoning-based Questions with Answers

1. Why does the river flow faster in the upper course?
Because the slope is steep and gravity pulls water strongly.
2. Why do we use Google Maps for this project?
To observe real river features and find exact coordinates.
3. Why is rule-based reasoning important in AI?
Because it helps AI follow clear conditions and make logical decisions.
4. Why does the lower course form deltas?
Because the river slows down and drops the soil/sand it carries.
5. Why should we check AI results in Excel?
To compare them with the correct answers and check accuracy.

Real-life Examples
1. Voice assistants like Alexa use AI to follow rules.
2. Google Maps suggests routes using AI.
3. A weather app asks for the location to give forecasts.
4. YouTube suggests videos based on past choices.
5. A scratch bot can be used to classify rivers for geography class.

Matching the Columns

Match the river course with its feature:
1. Upper course → Steep valleys
2. Middle course → Meanders
3. Lower course → Deltas
4. AI → If-then rules
5. Data Ethics → Privacy protection
Student Resource – Prep II Term I

Differentiate Between
1. Upper vs Lower course → Steep slopes vs Flat plains.
2. Rule-based reasoning vs Guessing → Logic vs Random.
3. AI vs Human → Machine thinking vs Natural thinking.
4. Google Maps vs Excel → Location finding vs Data analysis.
5. Accurate AI vs Biased AI → Correct results vs Wrong/unfair results.

Why and What Reasoning Questions

1. Why is data privacy important in AI? → To keep users safe.
2. What is the purpose of rule-based reasoning? → To make decisions logically.
3. Why do rivers slow down in the lower course? → Because the slope is gentle.
4. What tools are used in this project? → Scratch, Google Maps, Excel.
5. Why do we test AI systems? → To check for mistakes and bias.

Tool-related Questions
1. Which tool is used to create bots? → Scratch.
2. Which tool is used to check accuracy? → Excel.
3. Which tool is used for river coordinates? → Google Maps.
4. Which Scratch feature helps bots “speak”? → Text-to-Speech extension.

Coding-based Questions (Write Code + Output)

1. Classify River Course Based on Coordinates
Scratch Logic (Blocks):
when green flag clicked
say "Welcome to River Bot!" for 2 seconds
ask "Paste the Google Maps link of your river section:" and wait

if <(answer) contains "35"> then

say "This seems like the UPPER course. Expect steep valleys and waterfalls." for 4 seconds
else
if <(answer) contains "32"> then
say "This appears to be the MIDDLE course. Look for wider valleys and meanders." for 4 seconds
else
if <(answer) contains "24"> then
say "Likely the LOWER course. Expect floodplains and deltas." for 4 seconds
else
say "Coordinates not recognized. Try again." for 4 seconds
end
Output Example:
User enters link with “35” → Bot says:
"This seems like the UPPER course. Expect steep valleys and waterfalls."

2. Ask for Location Sharing

Scratch Logic (Blocks):
ask "Are you okay sharing this map link publicly? (yes/no)" and wait

if <(answer) = "yes"> then

say "Thank you! Your location will be shared." for 3 seconds
else
say "No problem. Your location will not be shared." for 3 seconds
end
Output Example:
Student Resource – Prep II Term I

User types “no” → Bot says:

"No problem. Your location will not be shared."

3. Provide Physical Feature Clues

Scratch Logic (Blocks):
ask "Which river course do you want clues for? (upper/middle/lower)" and wait

if <(answer) = "upper"> then

say "Look for narrow valleys, steep slopes, and waterfalls." for 4 seconds
else
if <(answer) = "middle"> then
say "Look for meanders, gentle slopes, and wider valleys." for 4 seconds
else
if <(answer) = "lower"> then
say "Look for floodplains, deltas, and slow-moving water." for 4 seconds
end
Output Example:
User types “lower” → Bot says:
"Look for floodplains, deltas, and slow-moving water."

4. Combine Classification & Privacy

Scratch Logic (Blocks):
ask "Paste Google Maps link:" and wait

if <(answer) contains "35"> then

say "Upper course detected." for 3 seconds
else
say "Course not recognized." for 3 seconds
end

ask "Do you want to share this location? (yes/no)" and wait

if <(answer) = "yes"> then

say "Location shared successfully." for 3 seconds
else
say "Location not shared." for 3 seconds
end
Output Example:
User enters “35” → Bot says:
"Upper course detected."
User types “no” → Bot says:
"Location not shared."