1.
Modular Operations
a. (47+26)(mod15)(73)(mod15)73=4×15+13
So, (47+26)(mod15)≡13
b. (25−32)(mod9)(−7)(mod9)
To find a positive equivalent, we can add the modulus:−7+9=2
So, (25−32)(mod9)≡2
c. (13)(32)(mod14)(416)(mod14)416=29×14+10
So, (13)(32)(mod14)≡10
2. Clock Time
a. 55 hours after 7 o'clock
We need to find (7+55)(mod12).(62)(mod12)62=5×12+2
So, 55 hours after 7 o'clock is 2 o'clock.
b. 25 hours before 2 o'clock
We need to find (2−25)(mod12).(−23)(mod12)
To find a positive equivalent, we can add multiples of the modulus:
−23+2×12=−23+24=1
So, 25 hours before 2 o'clock is 1 o'clock.
3. Labor Day (May 1)
a. If today is Tuesday, what day of the week is Labor Day in exactly 125 days?
We need to find the day of the week after 125 days. We use modulo 7 for days of the
week.125(mod7)125=17×7+6
So, Labor Day will be 6 days after Tuesday.
Tuesday + 1 day = Wednesday
Tuesday + 2 days = Thursday
Tuesday + 3 days = Friday
Tuesday + 4 days = Saturday
Tuesday + 5 days = Sunday
Tuesday + 6 days = Monday
Therefore, Labor Day will be on a Monday.
b. What day is Labor Day after 10 years?
Labor Day is on May 1. We need to find the day of the week for May 1, 2035 (since
the current year is 2025).
Number of days in 10 years = 10×365 days + number of leap days.
Leap years between May 1, 2025, and May 1, 2035, are:
- 2028
- 2032
So there are 2 leap days.
Total number of days = 3650+2=3652 days.
Now we find 3652(mod7):3652=521×7+5
This means May 1, 2035, will be 5 days after the day of the week of May 1, 2025.
To find the day of the week for May 1, 2025 (Labor Day of the current year as a
reference):
Today is May 18, 2025, which is a Sunday.
Number of days from May 1, 2025, to May 18, 2025, is 18−1=17 days.17(mod7)=3.
So, May 1, 2025, was 3 days before Sunday.
Sunday - 1 day = Saturday
Sunday - 2 days = Friday
Sunday - 3 days = Thursday
So, May 1, 2025, was a Thursday.
Therefore, Labor Day (May 1) in 10 years (May 1, 2035) will be Thursday + 5 days.
Thursday + 1 day = Friday
Thursday + 2 days = Saturday
Thursday + 3 days = Sunday
Thursday + 4 days = Monday
Thursday + 5 days = Tuesday
Labor Day in 10 years will be on a Tuesday.
c. What day is Labor Day 10 years ago?
We need to find the day of the week for May 1, 2015.
Number of days in the 10 years leading up to May 1, 2025 = 10×365 days + number
of leap days.
Leap years between May 1, 2015, and May 1, 2025, are:
- 2016
- 2020
- 2024
So there are 3 leap days.
Total number of days = 3650+3=3653 days.
Now we find 3653(mod7):3653=521×7+6
This means May 1, 2015, was 6 days before the day of the week of May 1, 2025.
As determined above, May 1, 2025, was a Thursday.
So, Labor Day (May 1) 10 years ago (May 1, 2015) was Thursday - 6 days.
Thursday - 6 days is the same as Thursday + 1 day (since −6≡1(mod7)).
Thursday + 1 day = Friday.
Labor Day 10 years ago was on a Friday.