Dambi Dollo University

College of Social Sciences and Humanities

Department of English Language and Literature
Advanced Writing Skill (Enla4110) assignment
(20%)____________________________
I. Choose the alternative that summarise the text (5 Points).
____1. The art form which is best known under the name of Impressionism evolved in France
with the Realist movement of the mid to late 1800's. Although this style only lasted for about 15
years in a pure form, it has influenced the style of art that has come after it till today. The
motivating thought in this style of art comes from the idea that "Nothing is seen without light."
A) Impressionism is an art form which is still presently used today.
B) The Impressionism style of art which started in France in the late 1800's and still has a strong
effect on artists today, gives importance to light.
C) The artists of the 1800's decided that light was very important in their work and thus created a
new style of painting called Impressionism.
D) The art style called Impressionism was around for about 15 years in France during the 1800's
and used light for the first time in its paintings.
E) The various uses of lights played an important role in the development of the form of
painting called Impressionism.
____2. War is one of the most terrible parts of human history. Death, destruction and pain, both
physical and emotional are the primary results of war. Still man seems to be incapable of doing
without it.
A) As bad as it is, man likes to make war.
B) People have no gain from war but are unable to stop it.
C) The death and misery that war produces is not enough to stop man from fighting.
D) No one wants to fight a war.
E) Even though fighting is useless people will not stop.
____3. Our world seems to be changing too fast to keep up with. In my youth, life was much
more simple. Our parents worried about feeding and educating us. We worried about simple
things life school and friends. Today however, children have become selfish and materialistic.
A) Life changes people as they grow.
B) Everyone changes with time.
C) The world makes people selfish as they grow older.
D) Children are, brought up differently these days.
E) Time has changed the needs and attitudes of people.
____4. How much we may complain about the number of advertisements
there are in a newspaper, the fact remains that without advertisements
there would be no newspapers. It’s the advertisements that finance the
newspapers and make it possible for us to buy them cheaply.
A. The larger the circulation of a newspaper is, the greater is its need for
good advertisement.
B. Newspapers print so many advertisements that there is not much
space left for the real news.
C. Nowadays all newspapers spend a great deal of money on advertising.
D. It is generally agreed that it is profitable for large companies to
advertise regularly in the newspapers.
E. Advertisements are essential to newspapers, without them they could
not be produced economically.
____5. During recent years, there has been a great increase in population. As
a result of this, many countries are facing serious difficulties. These include
food shortages, housing problems, unemployment, pollution and similar
social and economic difficulties.
A. Some countries have more social and economic problems than others.
B. The rapid growth in population has caused many problems.
C. The increase in population has been to the benefit of some countries.
D. Rich countries should help poor countries.
E. Economic problems are not related to the increase in population.

2. Based on this article, write a summary of 130 words(3p/ts).

1. The tiger, the largest cat in the world, is one of the most majestic animals on land and is found
only in Asia. It is also one of the most powerful mammals, yet it is on the brink of extinction. In
the 1900s, the tiger population was more than 100,000. Today, the number has dwindled to less
than 10,000 worldwide. Nepal has only 200 tigers, India has about 4,000, while Malaysia has
less than 500. The reason for the decline in numbers is poaching.

2. Tigers are hunted not only by human beings but also by other predators such as elephants,
bears and large buffaloes. The only defence tigers have against their enemies are their razor-
sharp claws, their strong teeth and their sheer weight. The weight of a tiger, which can range
between 200 and 300 kilogrammes, can kill an 10 average sized human being.

3. Tigers have fascinated human beings for several reasons. For instance, marks on their
forehead resemble the Chinese character wang, which means king. Furthermore, the markings on
a tiger’s forehead and the stripes all over its body are like finger prints. Experts can tell
individual tigers apart by observing the markings and stripes closely. This is because no two
tigers have identical markings. The patterns of their stripes vary immensely, especially from one
sub-species to another. The Sumatran tiger has the most stripes and markings while the Siberian
tiger has the fewest. The stripes of a tiger always run at right angles to its body and not along its
bodyline. Otherwise, it would be very conspicuous and find it impossible to camouflage itself.

4. These carnivorous beasts thrive well in areas of dense vegetation with ample sources of water
and large populations of hoofed animals. They instinctively avoid human beings and only attack
people if they are provoked, injured or unable to hunt for their usual food.

5. Despite their prowess, tigers are unable to protect themselves from their greatest threat –
human beings. These magnificent creatures have been hunted for hundreds of years for sport as
proof of one’s strength and manliness, and for their skin. They have also been trapped and
poisoned by farmers to protect their livestock. As a result, the Caspian, Javan and Bali tigers
have become extinct. In many Asian countries, tigers are killed for their precious claws. It is
believed that wearing a talisman made of a 30 tiger’s claw can protect its wearer. It is almost
impossible to ascertain whether a tiger’s claw has any supernatural powers, but what is certain is
that many a tiger will lose its life so that someone can profit from it.

6. Other than that, tigers have been hunted for their body organs, which are believed to be a cure
for many ailments. This superstition may have resulted from the connection 35 made with their
masculinity and strength. This has resulted in massive poaching of tigers for their whiskers, eyes,
teeth, penises, liver and fat.

7. Hunting of tiger prey has also caused the number of tigers to dwindle. Tigers usually feed on
hoofed animals such as deer, wild boar and buffaloes. The hunting of these animals by human
beings has caused tigers to starve to death.

8. Serious action has to be taken to ensure the survival of this majestic creature. Although the
tiger has been labelled an endangered species and the sale of tiger related products has been
banned in many countries, these measures have backfired, with illegal poaching of tigers for their
fur, bones and other organs becoming rampant. Some countries, such as India, have allocated
millions of dollars to set up tiger reserves to protect these animals but even these are not safe.
Poachers completely wiped out wild tigers in the Sariska Tiger Reserve in India. To ensure the
survival of the tiger, conservation efforts need to be improved to reduce threats to tigers. Efforts
must also be made to improve tiger habitats and to increase tiger prey populations so that they
will not starve to death in the wild. There must be more stringent controls on the demand for
tiger parts. When there is no demand, there will be no supply. To drive the message home,
poachers should be punished severely. Otherwise, they will not stop their illegal activities.

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3. Read the following passage and do as required below(8 p/ts):

Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this
short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory.
How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its
way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The
brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on
to the STM, also known as the working memory.

There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short-term memory.
The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist
who suggested that humans can remember about seven chunks of information. A
chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name
rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase
the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar
information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and
improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long-term storage. The
capacity of STM can also be affected by diseases that cause neuro-degeneration,
such as Alzheimer's disease which can be a factor in a person's short-term and
eventually long-term memory. Damage to certain sections of the brain can disable
the ability to think and recall memories stored in STM.
Long-term memory (LTM) is the final stage in which data can be stored for long
periods of time. While short-term and working memory persists for only about 20
to 30 seconds, information can remain in long-term memory indefinitely. Long-
term memory has also been called reference memory, because an individual must
refer to the information in long-term memory when performing almost any task.
Short-term memory is limited to a certain number of chunks of information, while
long-term memory has a limitless store.

Understanding the information also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving

information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall
memories that are stored in the long-term memory and used often; however, if a
memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The
more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be
recalled. This is why multiple-choice tests are often used for subjects that require a
lot of memorization.

Write the summary of the above passage in table form(8 points).

Types of What affects the How to regain Differences
memory STM positively information between STM
in our brains and stored in and
(2 points) negatively (2 the LTM (2 LTM (2 points)
points) points)

4. Read the following and prepare tree diagram about matter (4 p/ts).
Matter means everything existing on the surface of the earth. Matter is basically composed of
three states. They are solid, liquid and gases. We can separate matter by various methods. One of
them is by physical method. Separations by physical methods include two ways. They are
mixtures and pure substances. Mixtures are of two types. They are homogeneous mixtures and
heterogeneous mixtures. Whereas pure substances are composed of compounds and elements.
These compounds and elements can be separated by chemical methods.
Answer key
1. B 2.C 3.E 4. E 5. B

2. Here is a sample summary using phrases and sentences from the passage.

The tiger population has suffered a serious decline because tigers have been hunted for sport as
proof of one’s strength and manliness and for their skin. Besides, tigers have been killed by
farmers to protect their livestock. These beasts have also been killed for their claws which are
believed to protect the wearer. Worse still, tigers are killed for their body organs, which are
believed to cure many ailments. Moreover, hunting of tiger prey has caused tigers to starve to
death. Stern measures must be taken to protect them. For instance, conservation efforts and tiger
habitats must be improved. To prevent tigers from starving, tiger prey populations must be
increased. Most importantly, there must be more stringent controls on the demand.

Types of What affects the How to regain Differences

memory STM positively and information between STM
in our brains negatively (2 points) stored in and
(2 points) the LTM (2 LTM (2
points) points)
Short-term
the short-term chunking, or memory
memory classifying/organizin by recognition persists for a
(STM) g or recall very
information short time

diseases such as information can

the long-term Alzheimer remain in long
memory By prompting
term memory
(LTM) forever