First Iranian Geometry Olympiad
September 2014
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Solutions of Junior Level
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1. In a right triangle ABC we have ∠A = 90◦ , ∠C = 30◦ . Denot
by C the circle passing through A which is tangent to BC at the
[Link] that C intersects AC and the circumcircle of ABC
at N and M respectively. Prove that M N ⊥BC.
Mahdi Etesami Fard
Proof. Let K midpoint of side BC. Therefore:
AK = KC ⇒ ∠KAC = ∠N KC = 30◦
∠AN K = ∠N KC + ∠ACB = 60◦
A, K, N, M lie on circle (C). Therefore:
∠KAN = ∠KM N = 30◦ , ∠AM K = 60◦
We know that K is the circumcenter of △ABC. So we can say
KM = KC = AK. Therefore △AKM is equilateral.( because of
∠AM K = 60◦ ). So ∠AKM = 60◦ . We know that ∠AKB = 60◦ , so
we have ∠M KC = 60◦ . On the other hand:
∠KM N = 30◦ ⇒ M N ⊥BC
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2. The inscribed circle of △ABC touches BC, AC and AB at D,
E and F respectively. Denote the perpendicular foots from F , E
to BC by K, L respectively. Let the second intersection of these
perpendiculars with the incircle be M , N respectively. Show that
S△BM D DK
S△CN D = DL .
Mahdi Etesami Fard
Proof. Let I be the incenter of △ABC. We know that
}
∠BF K = 90◦ − ∠B 1
⇒ ∠DF M = ∠B
∠BF D = 90◦ − 2 ∠B
1 2
But ∠DF M = ∠M DK. Therefore
1
∠M DK = ∠B
2
hence △M DK and △BID are similar (same angles) and MK
DK =
r NL r
BD . In the same way we have DL = CD . Therefore
M K · BD N L · CD area of △BM D M K · BD DK
r= = ⇒ = =
DK DL area of △CN D N L · CD DL
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3. Each of Mahdi and Morteza has drawn an inscribed 93-gon. Denote
the first one by A1 A2 ...A93 and the second by B1 B2 ...B93 . It is known
that Ai Ai+1 ∥ Bi Bi+1 for 1 6 i 6 93 (A93 = A1 , B93 = B1 ). Show
Ai Ai+1
that B i Bi+1
is a constant number independent of i.
Morteza Saghafian
Proof. We draw a 93-gon similar with the second 93-gon in the circum-
circle of the first 93-gon (so the sides of the second 93-gon would be
multiplying by a constant number c). Now we have two 93-gons witch
are inscribed in the same circle and apply the problem’s conditions.
We name this 93-gons A1 A2 ...A93 and C1 C2 ...C93 .
⌢ ⌢
We know that A1 A2 ∥ C1 C2 . Therefore A1 C1 =A2 C2 but they lie
⌢ ⌢
on the opposite side of each other. In fact, Ai Ci =Ai+1 Ci+1 and they lie
⌢ ⌢
on the opposite side of each other for all 1 6 i 6 93 (A94 C94 =A1 C1 ).
⌢ ⌢
Therefore A1 C1 and A1 C1 lie on the opposite side of each other. So
⌢
A1 C1 = 0◦ or 180◦ . This means that the 93-gons are coincident or
reflections of each other across the center. So Ai Ai+1 = Ci Ci+1 for
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Ai Ai+1
1 6 i 6 93. Therefore, Bi Bi+1 = c.
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4. In a triangle ABC we have ∠C = ∠A + 90◦ . The point D on the
continuation of BC is given such that AC = AD. A point E in the
side of BC in which A doesnt lie is chosen such that
1
∠EBC = ∠A, ∠EDC = ∠A
2
Prove that ∠CED = ∠ABC.
Morteza Saghafian
Proof. Suppose M is the midpoint of CD. hence AM is the perpendic-
ular bisector of CD. AM intersects DE and BE at P, Q respectively.
Therefore, P C = P D. We have
∠EBA + ∠CAB = ∠A + ∠B + ∠A = 180◦ − ∠C + ∠A = 90◦
hence AC ⊥ BE. Thus in △ABQ, BC, AC are altitudes. This
means C is the orthocenter of this triangle and
1 1
∠CQE = ∠CQB = ∠A = ∠A + ∠A = ∠P DC + ∠P CD = ∠CP E
2 2
hence CP QE is cyclic. Therefore
∠CED = ∠CEP = ∠CQP = ∠CQA = ∠CBA = ∠B.
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5. Two points X, Y lie on the arc BC of the circumcircle of △ABC
(this arc does not contain A) such that ∠BAX = ∠CAY . Let M
denotes the midpoint of the chord AX . Show that BM + CM > AY .
Mahan Tajrobekar
Proof. O is the circumcenter of △ABC, so OM ⊥ AX. We draw
a perpendicular line from B to OM . This line intersects with the
circumcircle at Z. Since OM ⊥ BZ, OM is the perpendicular bisector
of BZ. This means M Z = M B. By using triangle inequality we have
BM + M C = ZM + M C > CZ
But BZ ∥ AX, thus
⌢ ⌢ ⌢ ⌢ ⌢
AZ = BX = CY ⇒ ZAC = Y CA ⇒ CZ = AY
hence BM + CM > AY.
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