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MCSE
Introduction to Microsoft
Certifications
Certification paths
MCSE
MCSA-Windows server2012
MCSE
MCSE- Server infrastructure
MCSE
Reference books
• Exam reference guide- MS press
70-410-installing and configuring windows server 2012.
70-411-Administering windows server 2012.
70-412-configuring advanced windows server 2012 services.
70-413- designing and implementing a server infrastructure.
70-414-implementing an advanced server infrastructure.
MCSE
Network & networking
• Network
• A network is an interconnection of devices.
• Networking
• Networking is the communication between the interconnected devices.
MCSE
What is network?
HUB SWITCH
ROUTER
MCSE
What is networking?
HUB SWITCH
ROUTER
MCSE
Types of networks
• Local area network
• Operate within a limited geographical location.
• Provides full-time connectivity to local services.
• Metropolitan area network
• Spans within a city.
• Provides full-time & part-time connectivity.
• Wide area network
• Operate over a large geographical location.
• Provides full-time & part-time connectivity.
MCSE
LAN
SURAT
LAN
LOCAL AREA NETWORK
MCSE
MAN
LAN
SURAT BARODA
LAN
LOCAL AREA
LOCAL AREA NETWORK
NETWORK
MAN
MCSE
WAN
INDIA USA
MAN MAN
WAN
MCSE
Network device
• NIC
The network interface card is frequently called a NIC. It forms an interface between
the networked device (computer) and the ethernet(LAN)
• MAC ADDRESS
A media access control address (MAC address) is a unique identifier assigned to
network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment.
Example – 01-23-45-67-89-ab
MCSE
Network device
• Hub
It is generally used to connect all devices on a network so that they can
communicate with each other. It always do broadcasting.
• Switch
Like hub, it is also used to connect all devices on a network so that they can
communicate with each other. But first time it will do flooding and from second time
onwards it will do unicast.
• Router
Router Is device which allows communication between two or more different
networks present in different geographical locations.
MCSE
How Hub works?
COMPUTER 1 SENDS DATA
TO COMPUTER 4
COMPUTER 3 COMPUTER 4
DATA
COMPUTER 1 COMPUTER 2
MCSE
How Hub works?
COMPUTER 4 SENDS DATA
TO COMPUTER 1
COMPUTER 3 COMPUTER 4
DATA
COMPUTER 1 COMPUTER 2
MCSE
How Switch works?
COMPUTER 1 SENDS DATA
TO COMPUTER 4
COMPUTER COMPUTER 4
3
5e-7c-3a-2c-1d-9c 5e-7c-3a-2c-1d-9d
DATA
Mac address table
COMPUTER 1 COMPUTER 2
Mac add. Port
5e-7c-3a-2c-1d-9a 5e-7c-3a-2c-1d-9b
5e7c-3a2c-1d9a 1
MCSE
How Switch works?
COMPUTER 4 SENDS DATA
TO COMPUTER 1
COMPUTER COMPUTER
3 4
5e-7c-3a-2c-1d-9c 5e-7c-3a-2c-1d-9d
DATA
Mac address table
COMPUTER 1 COMPUTER
Mac add. Port 2
5e-7c-3a-2c-1d-9a 5e-7c-3a-2c-1d-9b
5e7c-3a2c-1d9a 1
5e7c-3a2c-1d9d 4
MCSE
How Router works?
INDIA USA
COM 1-LAN1 SENDS DATA
TO COM 4-LAN2
COMP 4
ROUTER
HUB 1 2 SWITCH
WAN
COMP 1
LAN 1 LAN 2
MCSE
How Router works?
INDIA USA
COM 4-LAN2 SENDS DATA
TO COM 1-LAN 1
COMP 4
ROUTER
HUB 1 2 SWITCH
COMP 1 WAN
LAN 1 LAN 2
MCSE
The history of Microsoft N/W os
• Windows NT 3.1 released in 1993
• Windows NT 3.5 released in 1994
• Windows NT 4.0 released in 1996
• Windows NT 5.0 was renamed as windows 2000
• Windows .NET server was renamed as windows 2003
• Windows server 2008
• Windows server 2012
• Windows server 2016
• Windows server 2019
MCSE
OPERATING SYSTEM
Operating system
• An operating system is a software program that enables the computer hardware to
communicate and operate with the computer software
• Two types of operating systems
Client OS
example- windows Xp, vista, windows 7, windows 8
Server OS
example- windows 2003,2008,2012
MCSE
Types of hardware servers
Tower server Rack server
Blade server
MCSE
MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER
2008
Windows 2008 flavors
Microsoft
Windows Server 2008
Standard edition
Microsoft Microsoft
Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008
Enterprise Edition Data center edition
MCSE
MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER
2012
Windows 2012 Editions
Microsoft Microsoft
Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2012
Foundation Edition Standard edition
Microsoft Microsoft
Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2012
Essentials Edition Data center edition
MCSE
Windows server 2012 Editions
• Foundation edition:
• Available only for OEM
• License limited to 15 user accounts.
• Essential edition:
• License limited to 25 user accounts.
• Standard edition:
• Full windows server functionality with two virtual instances.
• Data center edition:
• Full windows server functionality with unlimited virtual instances.
MCSE
Windows 2012 requirements
Component Requirement
processor Minimum : 1 processor with 1.4 GHz. {(x64) 64bit processor}
Maximum : 64 processors.
Note: hyper-v compatible processor is recommended for standard and data center
editions.
Intel VT or AMD- v
memory Minimum : 512 MB RAM
Maximum : 4 TB RAM
Available disk Minimum : 10 GB
space Recommended : 80 GB or greater
Drive DVD-ROM drive
MCSE
Features of windows server 2012
• 64 bit operating system
• Easy installation
• Cloud infrastructure
• Improved server manager
• Customized dash board
• Remote management of server core and full
• Active directory
• Administrative center and recycle bin.
• Domain services.
• Federation services and lightweight directory services.
• Certificate services and rights management services.
MCSE
Features of windows server 2012
• In-built GPO
• Centralized deployment of applications
• Disk Quotas
• Distributed File System
• Windows Server Backup
• DNS Dependency
• Internet Information services
• Improved Virtualization Features
— Live Migrations of Virtual Machines and Storage.
— Hyper- V Replica.
— Dynamic Memory.
MCSE
Features of windows server 2012
• Enhanced Windows Deployment Services
— Deploy OS with or without Active Directory.
• Windows Server Core
— Anytime Conversion from Core to Full and Vice - Versa.
• Network Access protection
• Improved DHCP Server
— Failover DHCP Server
— Split Scope
• Improved Security
— Kerberos Versions
— Internet Protocol Security.
MCSE
Server Core
• Benefits of Server Core
> Greater stability
> Simplified management
> Reduced maintenance
> Reduced memory and disk requirements
> Reduced attack surface
MCSE
IP ADDRESSING
IP Addressing
• Two Versions of Addressing Scheme
- IP version 4 - 32 bit addressing
- IP version 6 - 128 bit addressing
MCSE
IP Address Classes
• Total IP Addressing Scheme is divided into 5 Classes
- CLASS A
- CLASS B LAN & WAN
- CLASS C
- CLASS D Multicasting
- CLASS E Research & development
MCSE
Class range
• CLASS A Range
- [Link] - [Link]
• CLASS B Range
- [Link] - [Link]
• CLASS C Range
- [Link] - [Link]
• CLASS D Range
- [Link] - [Link]
• CLASS E Range
- [Link] - [Link]
MCSE
Octet format
• IP address is divided into Network & Host Portion
- CLASS A is written as N.H.H.H
- CLASS B is written as N.N.H.H
- CLASS C is written as N.N.N.H
MCSE
Private and public IP Address
• Private IP Address
- CLASS A [Link] - [Link]
- CLASS B 172.16.0. 0 - [Link]
- CLASS C 192.168.0. 0 - 192.168.255 255
• Public IP Address
- Apart from the above specified IP addresses all other IP addresses are Public IP's
MCSE
Logical topologies
• Workgroup Model or Peer-To-Peer Model
• Domain Model or Client/Server Model
MCSE
Logical topologies
IN A WORKGROUP MODEL
• All computers are peers; no computer has control over another computer.
• Each computer has a set of user accounts. To use any computer in the workgroup,
you must have an account on that computer
IN A DOMAIN MODEL
• One or more computers are servers. Network administrators use servers to
control the security and permissions for all computers on the domain. This makes
it easy to make changes because the changes are automatically made to all
computers.
MCSE
workgroup model
COMPUTER 3 USER 3 USER 4
COMPUTER 4
WINDOWS 2000 WINDOWS NT
COMPUTER 1 COMPUTER 2
USER 1 USER 2
WINDOWS XP WINDOWS 2003
MCSE
Domain model
CENTRALIZED USER DATABASE
RNW User 1 ****
Windows 2012 User 2 ****
User 3 ****
Computer 1 Computer 2
Windows XP Windows 8
MCSE
ACTIVE DIRECTORY DOMAIN
SERVICES
What is Active Directory domain services?
• The AD DS database stores information on user identity, computers, groups,
services and resources.
• AD DS domain controllers also host the service that authenticates user and
computer accounts when they log on to the domain
MCSE
Purpose of active directory
• Provides User Logon and Authentication Services using Kerberos protocol.
• To Centralize and Decentralize the resource management.
• To centrally organize and manage:
— User Accounts, Computers, Groups, Network Resources.
• Enables authorized Users to easily locate Network Resources.
MCSE
Domain
• Domain is a logical grouping of user, computer, and group objects for the purpose
of management and security.
• Creating the initial domain controller in a network also creates the domain— you
cannot have a domain without at least one domain controller.
• Each domain is identified by a DNS domain name.
MCSE
What is Domain Controller?
• A domain controller is a server that is configured to store a copy of the AD DS
directory database ([Link]) and a copy of the SYSVOL folder.
• All domain controllers except RODCs store a read/write copy of both [Link]
and the SYSVOL folder.
• [Link] is the database itself, and the SYSVOL folder contains all the template
settings for GPOs.
MCSE
What is Domain Controller?
• Domain controllers host several other Active Directory-related services, including
the Kerberos authentication service and the Key Distribution Center (KDC).
• Kerberos authentication service is used by User and Computer accounts for logon
authentication
• KDC is the service that issues the ticket-granting ticket (TGT) to an account that
logs on to the AD DS domain.
MCSE
AD DS Logon process
1. User Account is authenticated to Domain Controller
Domain
controller
2. Domain Controller returns TGT back to Client
3. Client uses TGT to apply for access to Workstation
4. Domain Controller grants access to Workstation
5. Client uses TGT to apply for access to Server
6. Domain Controller returns access to Server
Work station Server
MCSE
CLIENTS & MEMBER SERVER
Clients & member server
CLIENTS
• A computer joined in the domain with Client Operating system.
• Client Operating systems like
- Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows XP professional . . .
MEMBER SERVERS
• A computer joined in the domain with Server Operating system.
• Server Operating systems like
- Windows server 2012, Windows server 2008, Windows server 2003....
MCSE
Configuring clients & member server
Workgroup
Windows 2012 Windows 8
Domain controller
CLIENTS MEMBER
SERVER
Windows 2008 Windows 7
MCSE
USER MANAGEMENT
Local Users & Domain Users
Local User
• A user account created in local database of a computer.
• Local users are generally used in WORKGROUP model.
• Local users can login only on the respective computer.
Domain User
• A user account created in ACTIVE DIRECTORY database.
• Domain users are used in DOMAIN model.
• Domain users can logon to any computer in the DOMAIN.
MCSE
PERMISSIONS
What Are Permissions?
• Permissions define the type of access granted to a user, group, or computer to
access resources.
• Permissions can be applied to resources such as files, folders, and printers.
- Like: Privilege to read a file, delete a file, or to create a new file in folder.
MCSE
TYPES OF Permissions
• Security Level Permissions
• Share Level Permissions
MCSE
Security Level Permission
• Can be Implemented Only on NTFS partitions.
• Security or NTFS Permissions can be set on Drives, Folders and Files.
• By default, Security permissions will be inherited from its parent drive or folder.
• File permissions override folder permissions.
• Creators of files and folders are their owners.
• Different Security Permissions are
- Full Control, Modify, Read & Execute, Write, Read, List Folder Contents.
MCSE
Share Level Permission
• It can be implemented on NTFS and FAT partitions.
• It can be set on Drives and Shared Folders but not files.
• What are shared folders?
- Shared folders can be accessed from network.
- When you copy or move a shared folder, the folder will no longer be
shared.
- To hide a shared folder, include a $ after the name of the shared folder &
users access hidden shared folders by typing the UNC path.
• Different Share Permissions are
- Read, Read/Write.
MCSE
Effects on NTFS permissions when copying or moving files and
folders
• When you copy files and folders within the same partition or different
partition they inherit the permissions of the destination folder.
• When you move files and folders to a different partition, they inherit
the permissions of the destination folder
• When you move files and folders within the same partition, they
retain their previous permissions.
MCSE
Effects on NTFS permissions when copying or moving files and
folders
NTFS partition copy
C:\
NTFS partition Move
E:\
NTFS partition move
D:\
MCSE
Access Based Enumeration (ABE)
• Access Based Enumeration displays only the files and folders that a user has
permissions to access.
• If a user does not have read permissions for a folder, windows hides the folder
from the users view.
MCSE
PROFILES
Profiles
• Profile is a User-State Environment.
• Profile contains Personal Settings of the User like
- Documents
- Desktop Settings
- Start Menu Icons
- Shortcuts
- Application Data
- Downloads
- Pictures, Music,Videos
- Contacts
- Favorites, etc
MCSE
Types of Profiles
• Local profiles
• Roaming profiles
MCSE
Local Profile
• A local user profile is created the first time you log on to a computer
and is stored on a computer's local hard disk.
• Any changes made to your local user profile are specific to the
computer on which you made the changes.
Location of Local Profile
• In 2012, 2008, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista is C:\Users
• In 2003, 2000, NT, XP, 2000 Professional is C:\Documents & Settings.
MCSE
Roaming Profile
• A roaming user profile is created by your system administrator and is
stored on a server.
• This profile is available every time you log on to any computer on the
network.
• Changes made to your roaming user profile are updated on the server.
MCSE
Home folder
• Home Folder is a centralized location of the users files (data)
• Home Folder make it easier for an administrator to back up user files
by collecting all user's files in one location
• Whenever the user logs on to any computer in a domain. Home Folder
will be available in the form of Network Drive / Network Location.
MCSE
FILE SERVER RESOURCE MANAGE
What is FSRM?
• FSRM is intended to act as a capacity management solution for your
Windows Server 2012 server.
• It provides a robust set of tools and capabilities that allow you to effectively
manage and monitor your server's storage capacity.
• FSRM contains five components that work together to provide a capacity
management solution
MCSE
FSRM Functionality
• Storage quota management
• File screening management
• Storage reports management
MCSE
What Is Quota Management?
• Quota management is a component that allows you to create, manage, and
obtain information about quotas that are used to set storage limits on
volumes or folders (and its contents).
• By defining notification thresholds, you can send email notifications, log an
event, run a command or script, or generate reports when users approach
or exceed a quota.
• Quota management also allows you to create and manage quota templates
to simplify the quota management process.
MCSE
Quota Management
• Quota management is used to limit disk space usage and provides
notifications when thresholds are reached.
• Quota notifications can do any of the following:
- Send email notifications
- Log an event in Event Viewer
- Run a command or script
- Generate storage reports
MCSE
File Screening Management
• File screen management provides a method for controlling the types of files
that can be saved on file servers.
• When users attempt to save unauthorized files, file screening can block the
process and notify the administrators to allow for proactive management.
MCSE
Storage Reports
• Storage reports management is a component that allows you to schedule
and configure storage reports about file usage on a file server.
• These reports provide information regarding following :
- Quota usage.
- File screening activity.
- Files that may negatively affect capacity management, such as large files,
duplicate files, or unused files.
- List and filter files according to owner, file group, or a specific file property
MCSE
ORGANIZATIONAL UNIT
Organizational Unit
• It is a logical container which contain active directory objects (Users,
Groups, OU & other objects)
• It is also called as SUBTREE
• It is used for Minimizing administrative tasks
• It is used for organizing and managing the active directory objects
• It is used for delegating the control to one or more users.
MCSE
What Is Delegation Of Control?
• The process of decentralizing management of organizational units.
• Assigning management of an organizational unit to another user or group
• Eases administration by distributing routine administrative tasks to
another user or group.
MCSE
Groups
• It is an object of Active Directory used for applying Permissions and
Distribution of emails to its members.
Two types of Groups
• Security Group
• Distribution Group
MCSE
DISTRIBUTED FILE SYSTEM
How Users Access Shared Folders?
[Link]
Sales 1 Sales 2
Fs1 Fs2
MCSE
DFS
• DFS incorporates technologies that provide fault-tolerant access to
geographically dispersed files.
• DFS namespaces enable a virtual representation of shared folder
structures.
MCSE
How DFS works?
Sales
Sales 1
DFS server Sales 2
[Link]
Sales 1 Sales 2
Fs1 Fs2
MCSE
How DFS works?
Sales
Sales 1
DFS server Sales 2
[Link]
Sales 1 Sales 2
Fs1 Fs2
MCSE
DFS Namespace ( DFS- N)
• Allows administrators to group shared folders that are located on
different servers into one or more logically structured namespaces.
• Each namespace appears to users as a single shared folder with a series
of subfolders. The subfolders typically point to shared folders that are
located on various servers in multiple geographical sites throughout the
organization.
MCSE
DFS-R
• A multimaster replication engine that synchronizes files between servers
for local and WAN network connections.
• DFS Replication supports replication scheduling, bandwidth throttling,
and uses remote differential compression (RDC) to update only the
portions of files that have changed since the last replication.
• You can use DFS Replication in conjunction with DFS namespaces or as a
standalone file replication mechanism.
MCSE
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