Unit II

A Typical Development of Children

MODULE 11

Learners with Health Problem

After you have finished studying the previous

module you should be able to:

1. Distinguish the learners with Health

Problems.
2. Consider the different activities and
strategies which can be more effective to
the learners with health problems.

ASTHMA
• is a condition in which your airways
narrow and swell, and may produce extra
mucus. It is a long term disease of lungs.
• Is marked by inflammation of the
bronchial tubes, with extra secretions
inside the tubes.
• Other term: Bronchial asthma
• In the Philippines, an estimated 21 million Filipinos are asthmatic.
nd
Asthma death account for 2.37 percent, making the country 2 in
asthma mortality in the world across all ages.
ASTHMA SYMPTOMS

• Shortness of breath
• Chest tightness or pain
• Wheezing when exhaling, which is a
common sign of asthma in children
• Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of
breath, coughing or wheezing
• Coughing or wheezing attacks that are
worsened by a respiratory virus, such as a
cold or the flu

Types of Asthma

• Nonallergic asthma.
Status asthmaticus
• Asthma in children
• Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
• Allergic asthma
• Occupational asthma
• Eosinophilic asthma
Nocturnal asthma
• Aspirin-induced asthma
• Cough-variant asthma

LONG TERM TREATMENT

• Inhaled corticosteroids. They prevent and ease swelling inside

your airways, and they may help your body make less mucus.
•
• Inhaled long-acting beta agonists
open the airways by relaxing the
smooth muscles around the airways.
Oral corticosteroids are taken in pill or
liquid form.

• Combination inhaled medicines

contain both an inhaled corticosteroid and
 a long-acting beta agonist.
Biologics are shots or infusions given every few weeks. They
work by targeting a cell or protein in your body to prevent airway
inflammation.
• Leukotriene modifiers are taken in pill or liquid form.
• Cromolyn sodium is an inhaled non-steroid medicine.
• Theophylline comes as a tablet, capsule, solution and syrup to
take by mouth.

QUICK-RELIEF MEDICINE

• Short-acting beta agonists are inhaled and work quickly to

relieve asthma symptoms.
Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) or
anticholinergics are inhaled but act slower than the short-acting
beta agonist medicines.
• Combination quick-relief medicines contain both an
anticholinergic and a short-acting beta agonist. This combination
comes either as an inhaler or nebulizer for inhalation.
• Inhaler
• NEBULIZER is a machine with tubing that takes liquid medicine
and turns it into a mist that you inhale.

ADD and ADHD

• Or what you could Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention
deficit with Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
• ADD and AHDHD are indeed same condition.
• ADD is the term commonly used to describe symptoms of
inattention, distractibility and poor working memory.
• ADHD is for additional symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity.
• Is a brain disorder that affects how you pay attention, sit still, and
control your behavior. It happens in children and teens and can
continue into adulthood.
Is the most commonly diagnosed mental disorder in children. Boys
are more likely to have it than girls. It’s usually spotted during the
early school years, when a child begins to have problems paying
attention.
• According to the Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD)
Society of the Philippines, an estimated 3 to 5 percent of the
population aged 0 to 14 years in the Philippines have ADHD.
SYMPTOMS

• In Children:
Symptoms are grouped into three
types:

• Inattentive. A child with ADHD:

– Is easily distracted
– Doesn't follow directions or finish tasks
– Doesn't seem to be listening
– Doesn't pay attention and
makes careless mistakes
– Forgets about daily activities
– Has problems organizing
daily tasks
– Doesn’t like to do things that
require sitting still
– Often loses things
– Tends to daydream
– Hyperactive-
impulsive. A child with
ADHD:
– Often squirms, fidgets, or
bounces when sitting
– Doesn't stay seated
– Has trouble playing quietly
– Is always moving, such as
running or climbing on things
(In teens and adults, this is
more often described as
restlessness.)
– Talks excessively
– Is always “on the go,” as if “driven by a motor”
– Has trouble waiting for their turn
– Blurts out answers
– Interrupts others

• Combined. This involves signs of both other types.

Symptoms in adults

 Often being late or forgetting things

 Anxiety
 Low self-esteem
 Problems at work
 Trouble controlling anger
 Impulsiveness
 Substance misuse or addiction
 Trouble staying organized
 Procrastination
 Easily frustrated
 Often bored
 Trouble concentrating when reading
Mood swings
 Depression
 Relationship problems

TREATMENT

• Medication. called stimulants can help control hyperactive and

impulsive behavior and improve your attention span.
• Therapy. These treatments focus on changing behavior.
Special education
Behavior modification
Psychotherapy (counseling)
Social skills training
• Medical device. It’s about the size of a cell phone and is attached
to electrodes on a patch that you put on a child’s forehead. It
sends low-level impulses to the part of their brain that’s thought to
cause ADHD. The device is usually worn at night.
• Support groups These groups are helpful for adults with ADHD or
parents of children with ADHD.
• Natural remedies
Dietary supplements with omega-3s have shown some benefit for
people who have ADHD.
– A few lifestyle changes can also help you or your child
manage symptoms:
Eat a healthy diet with lots of fruits, veggies, whole grains,
and lean protein.
Get some exercise every day.
Limit time spent on electronic devices.
Get plenty of sleep.
DIABETES
• is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar.
• There are a few different types of diabetes:
– Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The immune
system attacks and destroys cells in the pancreas, where
insulin is made.
– Type 2 diabetes occurs when your body becomes resistant
to insulin, and sugar builds up in your blood.
– Prediabetes occurs when your blood sugar is higher than
normal, but it’s not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2
diabetes.
– Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar during pregnancy.
– DIABETES
• In the Philippines, 463 million people have diabetes in the world
and 163 million people in the WP Region; by 2045 this will rise to
212 million.

SYMPTOMS

• Diabetes symptoms are caused by rising blood

sugar.
General symptoms:
 increased hunger
 increased thirst
 weight loss
 frequent urination
 blurry vision
 extreme fatigue
 sores that don’t heal

• Type 1 diabetes
 extreme hunger
 increased thirst
 unintentional weight loss
 frequent urination
 blurry vision
 tiredness

• Gestational diabetes
 – Gestational diabetes is the result of hormonal changes
during pregnancy. The placenta produces hormones that
make a pregnant woman’s cells less sensitive to the effects
of insulin. This can cause high blood sugar during
pregnancy.

Treatment

• Type 1 diabetes
– Insulin is the main treatment for type 1 diabetes. It replaces
the hormone your body isn’t able to produce
Type 2 diabetes

-- Diet and exercise can help some people

manage type 2 diabetes. If lifestyle changes aren’t
enough to lower your blood sugar, you’ll need to take
medication.

• Gestational diabetes
– You’ll need to monitor your blood sugar level several times a
day during pregnancy. If it’s high, dietary changes and
exercise may or may not be enough to bring it down.
According to the Mayo Clinic, about 10 to 20 percent of
women with gestational diabetes will need insulin to lower
their blood sugar. Insulin is safe for the growing baby.

EPILEPSY
• is a chronic disorder that causes
unprovoked, recurrent seizures. A seizure
is a sudden rush of electrical activity in the
brain.
• There are two main types of seizures.
Generalized seizures affect the whole
brain. Focal, or partial seizures, affect
just one part of the brain.
• A mild seizure may be difficult to
recognize. It can last a few seconds
during which you lack awareness.
During a stronger seizure, some people
 become confused or lose consciousness. Afterward you may have
no memory of it happening.
• The estimated prevalence of epilepsy in the Philippines is 0.9%.
Epilepsy research in the Philippines is low in quantity compared
with the rest of Southeast Asia (SEA).

SYMPTOMS ACCORDING TO TYPES

• Focal (partial) seizures

– A simple partial seizure doesn’t involve loss of
consciousness. Symptoms include:
• alterations to sense of taste, smell, sight, hearing, or
touch
dizziness
tingling and twitching of limbs
– Complex partial seizures involve loss of awareness or
consciousness. Other symptoms include:
• staring blankly
unresponsiveness
performing repetitive movements

• Generalized seizures
Generalized seizures involve the whole brain. There are six types:
– Absence seizures, which used to be called “petit mal
seizures,” cause a blank stare. This type of seizure may also
cause repetitive movements like lip smacking or blinking.
There’s also usually a short loss of awareness.
Tonic seizures cause muscle stiffness.
Atonic seizures lead to loss of muscle control and can
make you fall down suddenly.
Clonic seizures are characterized by repeated, jerky
muscle movements of the face, neck, and arms.
Myoclonic seizures cause spontaneous quick twitching of
the arms and legs.
Tonic-clonic seizures used to be called “grand mal
seizures.” Symptoms include:
• stiffening of the body
shaking
loss of bladder or bowel control
biting of the tongue
loss of consciousness
TRIGGERS THE EPILEPTIC TO SEIZURES

• Lack of sleep
illness or fever
stress
bright lights, flashing lights, or patterns
caffeine, alcohol, medicines, or drugs
skipping meals, overeating, or specific food ingredients

TREATMENT

• Anti-epileptic (anticonvulsant, antiseizure) drugs: These

medications can reduce the number of seizures you have. In some
people, they eliminate seizures.
Vagus nerve stimulator: This device is surgically placed under
the skin on the chest and electrically stimulates the nerve that runs
through your neck. This can help prevent seizures.
Ketogenic diet: More than half of people who don’t respond to
medication benefit from this high fat, low carbohydrate diet.
Brain surgery: The area of the brain that causes seizure activity
can be removed or altered.

HEART CONDITION
• Refers to various types of conditions that
can affect heart function. These types
include:
– Coronary artery (atherosclerotic)
heart disease that affects the
arteries to the heart
Valvular heart disease that affects how the valves function
to regulate blood flow in and out of the heart
Cardiomyopathy that affects how the heart muscle
squeezes
Heart rhythm disturbances
(arrhythmias) that affect the
electrical conduction
Heart infections where the heart
has structural problems that
develop before birth
• It can be seen that among the total
deaths, the Philippines ischaemic heart
 diseases were the leading causes of death with 84,120 or 14.5
percent. (2019)

Symptoms

• angina, or chest pain

• difficulty breathing
• fatigue and lightheadedness
• swelling due to fluid retention, or edema

TREATMENT

• Medications
– Various medications can help treat
heart conditions.
• Surgery
– Undergoing heart surgery can help
treat blockages and heart problems
when medications are not effective.

HEMOPHILIA
• Is a rare, in-born, life-long congenital bleeding disorder, affecting
mostly males. Due to a defective gene, the body of a person with
hemophilia does not produce enough of certain blood proteins,
called clotting factors, which prevents an affected individual from
forming a strong and stable blood clot.
• People with hemophilia do not bleed any faster than normal, but
they can continue to bleed for a much longer time.
• The World Hemophilia Federation estimates that about 10,000
Filipinos have hemophilia, with about 1 million suffering from Von
Willebrand disease and other bleeding disorders.

SYMPTOMS

• Big bruises
• Bleeding internally, inside muscles and joints, causing pain and
immobility
• Spontaneous bleeding (sudden bleeding inside the body for no
clear reason), characterized by pain and swelling
• Prolonged nose bleeding
 • Prolonged or spontaneous hematuria (blood in
urine)
• Prolonged bleeding after getting a cut, removing a
tooth, or having surgery.
• Bleeding for a long time after an accident, such as
after an injury to the head.

TREATMENT

• The best way to treat

hemophilia is to replace the missing
blood clotting factoso that the blood
can clot properly. This is typically
done by injecting treatment products,
called clotting factor concentrates, into a
person’s vein.

ACTIVITY
After the given discussion, create a simple Jingle/song that will
serve a campaign on how to take care of our health. Be creative in the lyrics for
Learners with Health Problems that would enjoy your jingle/song. You may have a
short video recording or use a Tiktok app. Be creative and enjoy our activity.

REFERENCES

• [Link]
causes/syc-20369653#:~:text=Asthma%20is%20a%20condition
%20in,asthma%20is%20a%20minor%20nuisance.
[Link]
• [Link]
deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd
• [Link]
• [Link]
view/815#:~:text=In%20the%20Philippines%2C%20the
%20burden,79%20years%20old%20in%202019.
• [Link]
• [Link]
heart_disease_coronary_artery_disease/[Link]#:~:text=Heart
 %20disease%20refers%20to%20various,and%20out%20of
%20the%20heart
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
5/fulltext
• [Link]
symptoms-causes/syc-20353118