Experiment No.
1
Title: PN Junction Diode Characteristics.
Date: ____ / ____ / ________
Name of the Student:
UIN No: Roll No:
Date of Performance:
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Aim: To obtain the PN Junction Diode Characteristics using Multisim.
Software: Multisim.
Theory: If the p-n junction diode is forward biased with approximately 0.7 volts for silicon diode
or 0.3 volts for germanium diode, the p-n junction diode starts allowing the electric
current. Under this condition, the negative terminal of the battery supplies large number
of free electrons to the n-type semiconductor and attracts or accepts large number of
holes from the p-type semiconductor. In other words, the large number of free electrons
begins their journey at the negative terminal whereas the large number of holes finishes
their journey at the negative terminal.
The application of forward bias voltage will force electrons in N-type and holes in P-
type material to recombine with the ions near the boundary and to flow crossing
junctions. This reduces the width of the depletion region. This further will result in an
increase in majority carriers flow across the junction. If forward bias is further
increased in magnitude the depletion region width will continue to decrease, resulting
in exponential rise in current as shown in the ideal diode characteristic curve.
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Procedure:
1. Open Multisim.
2. Drag and drop the required components and connect as per the circuit diagram.
3. Go to Simulate Analyses DC Sweep Analysis Select Start Values, Stop Values and
required Increment.
4. Select Output Parameter and Add and click “Simulate”.
5. Obtain the required characteristics.
6. Copy, paste the simulated circuit and simulated results in the space provided.
Simulated Circuit:
Simulated Result:
Conclusion:
Experiment No.2
Title: Simulation of Double Clipper (Combination
Clipper) using Multisim.
Name of the Student:
UIN No: Roll No:
Date of Performance:
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Aim: To simulate the given Double Clipper circuit and obtain the input and output
waveforms.
Software: Multisim.
Theory: When a portion of both positive and negative of each half cycle of the input voltage is
to be clipped (or removed), a combination clipper is employed. The circuit for such a
clipper and its analysis is given below.
Circuit Diagram:
Circuit Analysis:
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Procedure:
General Steps for Multisim
Step 1: Open Multisimtep 1:
Begin by drawing the schematic in the Multisim environment.
1) Select Start» All Programs» …. to open Multisim.
2) To select a component, go to Place» Component …
3) The Select a Component dialog appears.
4) Select the required component.
Step 2: Place Components1: Open
To invoke simulation, we need a power source and a ground in the circuit to correctly reference
voltages and currents in the circuit simulation.
1) To place a Ground, go to the Sources group and highlight the POWER_SOURCES
family.
2) Highlight the GROUND component.
3) Click OK.
4) The component selection window temporarily closes and the ground symbol is
"ghosted" to the mouse pointer.
5) Move the mouse to the appropriate place on the schematic and left-click once to place
the component.
To place a DC power supply:
1) Go to the Sources group again and highlight the POWER_SOURCES family. Select is
called DC_POWER symbol.
2) Place the DC Power source on the schematic.
Note:
Without power and ground, a simulation cannot run. If we need multiple components we can
repeat the placement steps as shown or place one component and use copy (Ctrl-C) and paste
(Ctrl-V) to place additional components as needed.
Place the remaining circuit components using the techniques discussed in the previous steps.
Step 3: Wire Components1
1) To begin wiring, move the mouse close to a pin of a component.
2) The mouse appears as a crosshair rather than the default Windows mouse.
3) Place an initial wire junction by clicking on the pin/terminal of the part. Complete the
wire by moving the mouse to another terminal or just double-click to anchor the
termination point of the wire to a floating location somewhere in the schematic window.
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Step 4: Place a Simulation Source
Place a basic AC voltage source.
1) To place an AC signal source, go to the Sources group and highlight the
SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_SOURCES family.
2) Select the AC_VOLTAGE component.
3) Place and wire the AC voltage source and place and wire a ground component to
the AC source.
Step 5: Place Measurement Instruments
Multisim provides instruments to visualize the simulated measurements. Instruments can
be found on the right menu bar.
1) Select the Basic � Indicators � Ammeter
Step 6: Run a Simulation
Select Simulate � Run � Double click on Ammeter.
Step 7 : Snap shot of circuit diagram
1) Press PrtScr and copy the image in “Paint” and edit properly.
2) Save the diagram in the word file.
Step 8 : Snap shot of i/p and o/p waveforms
1) Use “ Snipping Tool” for taking the snap shot of the input and output waveforms
and edit it properly.
2) Save the result below the corresponding circuit diagram.
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Simulated Circuit:
Simulated Input and Output Waveforms:
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Conclusion:
Experiment No. 3
Title: Simulation of Bridge Rectifier with and without
“C” filter using Multisim.
Name of the Student:
UIN No: Roll No:
Date of Performance:
Electronic Devices Laboratory Course Code: ECL2283115
Aim: To simulate bridge wave rectifier using simulation software multisim and
observe the input and output waveforms.
Software: Multisim.
Theory: Working of Bridge Wave Rectifier (WITHOUT “C” FILTER)
This type of single phase rectifier uses four individual rectifying diodes
connected in a closed loop “bridge” configuration to produce the desired output.
The main advantage of this bridge circuit is that it does not require a special
centre tapped transformer, thereby reducing its size and cost. The single
secondary winding is connected to one side of the diode bridge network and the
load to the other side as shown below. The four diodes labelled D1 to D4 are
arranged in “series pairs” with only two diodes conducting current during each
half cycle.
Electronic Devices Laboratory Course Code: ECL2283115
The Positive Half-cycle
During the positive half cycle of the supply, diodes D1 and D2 conduct in series
while diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and the current flows through the
load as shown
The Negative Half-cycle
During the negative half cycle of the supply, diodes D3 and D4 conduct in series,
but diodes D1 and D2 switch “OFF” as they are now reverse biased. The current
flowing through the load is the same direction as before.
Input and output waveforms
Electronic Devices Laboratory Course Code: ECL2283115
Working of Bridge Wave Rectifier (WITH “C” FILTER)
The smoothing capacitor converts the full-wave rippled output of the rectifier
into a more smooth DC output voltage.
Electronic Devices Laboratory Course Code: ECL2283115
Procedure:
General Steps for Multisim
Step 1: Open Multisim
Begin by drawing the schematic in the Multisim environment.
Select Start» All Programs» …. to open Multisim.
To select a component, go to Place» Component …
The Select a Component dialog appears.
Select the required component.
Step 2: Place Components1: Open
To invoke simulation, we need a power source and a ground in the circuit to correctly
reference voltages and currents in the circuit simulation.
To place a Ground, go to the Sources group and highlight the POWER_SOURCES family.
Highlight the GROUND component.
Click OK.
The component selection window temporarily closes and the ground symbol is "ghosted" to
the mouse pointer.
Move the mouse to the appropriate place on the schematic and left-click once to place the
component.
To place a DC power supply:
Go to the Sources group again and highlight the POWER_SOURCES family. Select is called
DC_POWER symbol.
Place the DC Power source on the schematic.
Note:
Without a power and ground, a simulation cannot run. If we need multiple components we
can repeat the placement steps as shown or place one component and use copy (Ctrl-C) and
paste (Ctrl-V) to place additional components as needed.
Place the remaining circuit components using the techniques discussed in the previous steps.
Step 3: Wire Components
To begin wiring, move the mouse close to a pin of a component.
The mouse appears as a crosshair rather than the default Windows mouse.
Place an initial wire junction by clicking on the pin/terminal of the part. Complete the wire by
moving the mouse to another terminal or just double-click to anchor the termination point of
the wire to a floating location somewhere in the schematic window.
Electronic Devices Laboratory Course Code: ECL2283115
Step 4: Place a Simulation Source
Place a basic AC voltage source.
To place an AC signal source, go to the Sources group and highlight the
SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_SOURCES family.
Select the AC_VOLTAGE component.
Place and wire the AC voltage source and place and wire a ground component to the AC
source.
Step 5: Place Measurement Instruments
Multisim provides instruments to visualize the simulated measurements. Instruments can be
found on the right menu bar.
Select the oscilloscope instrument from the menu and place this onto the schematic.
Wire the Channel A and Channel B terminals of the oscilloscope to both the input and output
of the amplifier circuit.
Step 6: Run a Simulation
Select Simulate � Run � Double click on oscilloscope.
Step 7 : Snap shot of circuit diagram
Press PrtScr and copy the image in “Paint” and edit properly.
Save the diagram in the word file.
Step 8 : Snap shot of i/p and o/p waveforms
Use “ Snipping Tool” for taking the snap shot of the input and output waveforms and edit it
properly.
Save the result below the corresponding circuit diagram.
Electronic Devices Laboratory Course Code: ECL2283115
Bridge Wave Rectifier (Without “C” filter)
I/p and o/p waveforms
Electronic Devices Laboratory Course Code: ECL2283115
Bridge Wave Rectifier (With “C” filter)
I/p and o/p waveforms
Conclusion:
Experiment No.4
Title: Simulation of Fixed bias circuit using Multisim.
Date: ____ / ____ / ________
Name of the Student:
UIN No: Roll No:
Date of Performance:
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Aim: To simulate the given fixed bias circuit and verify the theoretical and simulated
values of the parameters.
Software: Multisim.
Theory: It consists of a dc voltage Vcc for biasing and base resistor RB. Together they provide a
'fixed' base current (IB). (For a given circuit, values of Vcc and RB are constant, so they
provide a fixed current).
In this circuit, RB is connected between Vcc supply and base terminal of the transistor.
The required zero signal base current IB is provided by Vcc and a single Vcc keeps the
base emitter junction forward biased and the collector base junction reverse biased.
Advantages of Fixed Biased Circuit
● It is a simple circuit.
● The operating point can be fixed anywhere in the active region of the
characteristics by simply changing the value of RB .
● Biasing conditions are set easily.
● No loading effect as no resistor is present at base-emitter junction.
● Due to their simplicity fixed bias circuits are cost effective.
Disadvantages of Fixed Biased Circuit
● Poor thermal stability.
● Adjusting the operating point over a wide range may be challenging with
fixed bias, limiting its suitability for certain applications.
● Potential for thermal runaway.
● Limited temperature compensation leads to changes in bias point.
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Circuit Diagram:
Circuit Analysis and Calculations:
Consider � = 110
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Procedure:
General Steps for Multisim
Step 1: Open Multisimtep 1:
Begin by drawing the schematic in the Multisim environment.
1) Select Start» All Programs» …. to open Multisim.
2) To select a component, go to Place» Component …
3) The Select a Component dialog appears.
4) Select the required component.
Step 2: Place Components1: Open
To invoke simulation, we need a power source and a ground in the circuit to correctly reference
voltages and currents in the circuit simulation.
1) To place a Ground, go to the Sources group and highlight the POWER_SOURCES
family.
2) Highlight the GROUND component.
3) Click OK.
4) The component selection window temporarily closes and the ground symbol is
"ghosted" to the mouse pointer.
5) Move the mouse to the appropriate place on the schematic and left-click once to place
the component.
To place a DC power supply:
1) Go to the Sources group again and highlight the POWER_SOURCES family. Select is
called DC_POWER symbol.
2) Place the DC Power source on the schematic.
Note:
Without a power and ground, a simulation cannot run. If we need multiple components we can
repeat the placement steps as shown or place one component and use copy (Ctrl-C) and paste
(Ctrl-V) to place additional components as needed.
Place the remaining circuit components using the techniques discussed in the previous steps.
Step 3: Wire Components1
1) To begin wiring, move the mouse close to a pin of a component.
2) The mouse appears as a crosshair rather than the default Windows mouse.
3) Place an initial wire junction by clicking on the pin/terminal of the part. Complete the
wire by moving the mouse to another terminal or just double-click to anchor the
termination point of the wire to a floating location somewhere in the schematic window.
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Step 4: Place a Simulation Source
Place a basic AC voltage source.
1) To place an AC signal source, go to the Sources group and highlight the
SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_SOURCES family.
2) Select the AC_VOLTAGE component.
3) Place and wire the AC voltage source and place and wire a ground component to
the AC source.
Step 5: Place Measurement Instruments
Multisim provides instruments to visualize the simulated measurements. Instruments can
be found on the right menu bar.
1) Select the Basic � Indicators � Ammeter
Step 6: Run a Simulation
Select Simulate � Run � Double click on Ammeter.
Step 7 : Snap shot of circuit diagram
1) Press PrtScr and copy the image in “Paint” and edit properly.
2) Save the diagram in the word file.
Step 8 : Snap shot of i/p and o/p waveforms
1) Use “ Snipping Tool” for taking the snap shot of the input and output waveforms
and edit it properly.
2) Save the result below the corresponding circuit diagram.
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Simulated Circuit:
Observation Table:
Parameter Theoretical Practical/Simulated
IB
IC
Conclusion:
Experiment No.5
Title: Input and Output Characteristics of a BJT in CE
Configuration.
Date: ____ / ____ / ________
Name of the Student:
UIN No: Roll No:
Date of Performance:
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Aim: To obtain the Input and Output characteristics of a BJT in CE Configuration
using Multisim.
Software: Multisim.
Theory:
Input characteristics
● A curve is plotted between the base current and the base-emitter voltage to study the
input characteristics of the junction transistor in CE configuration.
● The collector-emitter voltage is kept at a fixed value to study the relation between Base
current and Base Emitter voltage.
Output characteristics
● It is the variation of the collector current with the collector-emitter voltage.
● The output characteristics are controlled by the input characteristics.
● Hence, the collector current changes with the base current.
Circuit Diagram:
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Common Emitter (CE) Input Characteristics
Common Emitter (CE) Output Characteristics
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Procedure:
1. Open Multisim.
2. Drag and drop the required components and connect as per the circuit diagram.
3. Go to Simulate Analyses DC Sweep Analysis Select Start Values, Stop Values and
required Increment.
4. Select Output Parameter and Add and click “Simulate”.
5. Obtain the required characteristics.
6. Copy, paste the simulated circuit and simulated results in the space provided.
Simulated Circuit:
Circuit for I/P Characteristics
Simulated Result:
I/P Characteristics
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Simulated Circuit:
Circuit for O/P Characteristics
Simulated Result:
O/P Characteristics
Conclusion:
Experiment No.6
Title: Frequency Response of a Single Stage RC
Coupled CE Amplifier.
Date: ____ / ____ / ________
Name of the Student:
UIN No: Roll No:
Date of Performance:
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Aim: To obtain the Frequency Response of a Single Stage RC Coupled CE Amplifier
using Multisim.
Software: Multisim.
Theory:
An amplifier should ideally provide the same amplification for all frequencies. The degree to
which this is done is usually indicated by a curve, known as frequency response curve of the
amplifier. This curve is a plot of the voltage gain of an amplifier against the frequency of input
signal. A typical frequency response of an RC coupled amplifier is illustrated in Figure 2.
To plot this curve, input voltage to the amplifier is kept constant and frequency of input signal
is continuously varied. The output voltage at each frequency of input signal is noted; and the
gain of the amplifier is calculated. The output voltage or the voltage gain of the amplifier is
then plotted against frequency. The frequency response is nearly ideal over a wide range of
mid-frequency. Only at low and high frequency ends, the gain deviates from ideal
characteristics. The decrease in voltage gain with frequency is called roll-off.
Circuit Diagram:
Figure 1 Single Stage RC Coupled CE Amplifier
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Figure 2 Frequency Response
Procedure:
1. Open Multisim.
2. Drag and drop the required components and connect as per the circuit diagram.
3. Go to Simulate Analyses AC Analysis Select Sweep Type Decade.
Vertical Scale [Link] Start and Stop Frequency.
4. Select Output Parameter and Add and click “Simulate”.
5. Obtain the required frequency response.
6. Copy, paste the simulated circuit and simulated results in the space provided
Simulated Circuit:
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Simulated Response:
Conclusion:
Experiment No.7
Title: MOSFET Characteristics.
Date: ____ / ____ / ________
Name of the Student:
UIN No: Roll No:
Date of Performance:
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Aim: To obtain the Transfer and Drain characteristics of a E- MOSFET using
Multisim.
Software: Multisim.
Theory:
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor, or MOSFET , can be used for
small signal linear amplifiers as their input impedance is extremely high making them
easy to bias.
Enhancement MOSFET, or e-MOSFET, can be classed as normally-off (non-
conducting) devices, that is they only conduct when a suitable gate-to-source positive
voltage is applied, unlike Depletion type mosfets which are normally-on devices
conducting when the gate voltage is zero. However, due to the construction and physics
of an enhancement type mosfet, there is a minimum gate-to-source voltage, called the
threshold voltage VTH that must be applied to the gate before it starts to conduct
allowing drain current to flow. In other words, an enhancement mosfet does not conduct
when the gate-source voltage, VGS is less than the threshold voltage, VTH but as the
gates forward bias increases, the drain current, ID (also known as drain-source
current IDS) will also increase.
We can construct a set of output characteristics curves showing the drain current, ID for
increasing positive values of VG for an n-channel enhancement-mode MOS transistor.
Circuit Diagram:
Figure 1 Circuit Diagram
Figure 2a shows the transfer characteristics (drain-to-source current IDS versus gate-to-
source voltage VGS) of n-channel Enhancement-type MOSFETs. From this, it is evident
that the current through the device will be zero until the VGS exceeds the value of
threshold voltage VT.
In this state, the device lacks a channel connecting the drain and source terminals.
Under this condition, even an increase in VDS will result in no current flow as indicated
by the corresponding output characteristics (IDS versus VDS) shown by Figure 2b. As a
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
result this state represents nothing but the cut-off region of MOSFET’s operation.
Once VGS exceeds VT, the current increases with IDS initially (Ohmic region) and then saturates
at a value determined by VGS (saturation region). As VGS increases, the saturation current also
increases.
This is evident by Figure 2b where IDSS2 is greater than IDSS1 as VGS2 > VGS1, IDSS3 is greater
than IDSS2 as VGS3 > VGS2, so on and so forth. Further, Figure 2b also shows the locus of pinch-
off voltage (black discontinuous curve), from which VP is seen to increase with an increase in
VGS.
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Procedure:
1. Open Multisim.
2. Drag and drop the required components and connect as per the circuit diagram.
3. Go to Simulate Analyses DC Sweep Analysis Select Start Values, Stop Values and
required Increment.
4. Select Output Parameter Add expression All abs( ) copy function to expression
All variables I(VDS) copy variable to expression abs (I(VDS)) click “Simulate”.
5. Obtain the required characteristics.
6. Copy, paste the simulated circuit and simulated results in the space provided.
Simulated Circuit:
Simulated Results:
Transfer Characteristics
Output Characteristics
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Conclusion:
Experiment No.8
Title: Frequency Response of a CS MOSFET
Amplifier.
Date: ____ / ____ / ________
Name of the Student:
UIN No: Roll No:
Date of Performance:
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Aim: To obtain the Frequency Response of a CS MOSFET Amplifier using Multisim.
Software: Multisim.
Theory:
The voltage gain of an amplifier varies with signal frequency because of variations in
circuit capacitive reactance with signal frequency on the output voltage. The curve drawn
between the voltage gain and signal frequency of an amplifier is known as the frequency
response. If the input voltage of an amplifier is kept constant but its frequency is varied, it
is observed that the amplifier gain;
● remains practically constant over a sizeable range of mid frequencies,
● falls off at low as well as high frequencies.
The performance of an amplifier depends to a considerable extent upon its frequency
response. In the design of an ac amplifier, appropriate steps are taken to ensure that gain is
essentially uniform over some specified frequency range. In the low frequency range,
coupling and bypass capacitors are included in the equivalent circuits and in the
amplification factor equations. The stray and transistor capacitances are treated as open
circuits. The mathematical expressions obtained for the amplification factor in this
frequency range must approach the midband results as frequency f approaches the midband
frequency range, since in this limit the capacitors approach short-circuit conditions. In the
high frequency range, coupling and bypass capacitors are treated as short circuits. The
transistor and any parasitic or load capacitances must be considered in the equivalent
circuit. The mathematical expressions obtained for the amplification factor in this
frequency range must approach the midband results as frequency “f” approaches the
midband frequency range, since in this limit the capacitors approach open-circuit
conditions.
Circuit Diagram:
Figure 1 Single Stage CS MOSFET Amplifier
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Figure 2 Frequency Response
Procedure:
1. Open Multisim.
2. Drag and drop the required components and connect as per the circuit diagram.
3. Go to Simulate Analyses AC Analysis Select Sweep Type Decade.
Vertical Scale Decibel/Logarithmic. Select Start and Stop Frequency.
4. Select Output Parameter and Add and click “Simulate”.
5. Obtain the required frequency response.
6. Copy, paste the simulated circuit and simulated results in the space provided.
Simulated Circuit:
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Simulated Response:
Conclusion:
Experiment No.9
Title: Frequency Response of a Class A Power
Amplifier.
Date: ____ / ____ / ________
Name of the Student:
UIN No: Roll No:
Date of Performance:
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Aim: To obtain the Frequency Response of a Class A power Amplifier using
Multisim.
Software: Multisim.
Theory:
A Class A amplifier offers high linearity, low distortion, and a wide bandwidth,
resulting in a relatively flat frequency response. However, its main drawback is low
efficiency and significant heat generation, as the transistor conducts for the entire input
cycle. The specific frequency response is influenced by amplifier design and
component selection but can achieve broadband amplification extending to hundreds
of kilohertz or even into the megahertz range for specific applications.
Class A amplifiers operate in a very linear manner and have a simple circuit design.
It is able to accurately amplify the input signal and maintain the original
characteristics of the signal.
Advantages:
• Excellent sound quality: high linearity with minimal distortion.
• Simple design: the circuit structure is straightforward, stable and reliable.
Disadvantages:
• Low efficiency: efficiency is usually only 20%-30%.
• High heat generation: most of the energy is converted into heat.
• Limited power: suitable for low power amplification, unable to meet high power
requirements.
Circuit Diagram:
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Procedure:
1. Open Multisim.
2. Drag and drop the required components and connect as per the circuit diagram.
3. Go to Simulate Analyses AC Analysis Select Sweep Type Decade.
Vertical Scale Decibel/Logarithmic. Select Start and Stop Frequency.
4. Select Output Parameter and Add and click “Simulate”.
5. Obtain the required frequency response.
6. Copy, paste the simulated circuit and simulated results in the space provided.
Simulated Circuit:
Simulated Response:
Conclusion:
Experiment No.10
Title: DIAC Characteristics.
Date: ____ / ____ / ________
Name of the Student:
UIN No: Roll No:
Date of Performance:
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Aim: To obtain the DIAC Characteristics using Multisim.
Software: Multisim.
Theory: A DIAC, short for "Diode for Alternating Current," acts as a semiconductor switch that
can operate in both directions.
DIAC Symbol: The DIAC symbol, resembles two diodes connected in opposite directions.
It visually represents its ability to conduct current bi-directionally.
DIACs use non-polarized terminals labelled as A1 & A2 or MT1 & MT2, indicating
that current conduction can begin from either terminal depending on the applied
voltage.
Construction of DIAC
It is a device which consists of four layers and two terminals.
The construction is almost the same as that of the transistor.
But there are certain points which deviate from the construction from the transistor.
The differentiating points are-
1. There is no base terminal in the DIAC.
2. The three regions have almost the same level of doping.
3. It gives symmetrical switching characteristics for either polarity of voltages.
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
DIAC Working
The DIAC can be turned ON for both the polarity of voltages.
When A2 is more positive with respect to A1 then the current does not flows through
the corresponding N-layer but flows from P2-N2-P1-N1.
When A1 is more positive A2 then the current flows through P1-N2-P2-N3.
When the applied voltage is small in either polarity, a very small current flows which
is known as leakage current because of the drift of electrons and holes in the depletion
region.
Although a small current flows, it is not sufficient to produce avalanche breakdown,
hence the device remains in the non-conducting state.
If the applied voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage in any polarity, the DIAC’s
current increases, allowing it to conduct according to its V-I characteristics.
DIAC Characteristics
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Procedure:
1. Open Multisim.
2. Drag and drop the required components and connect as per the circuit diagram.
3. Prepare Excel and enter an Observation table.
4. Change the values of V1 in steps and note the voltage and current values across Diac.
5. After creating the excel sheet, select the parameters and click “Insert” and select “Charts”.
6. The graph will get displayed.
7. Label it with a suitable title.
8. Take the screenshots of Simulated circuits and resultant graphs.
Simulated Circuit:
DIAC Forward Biased
Simulated Result:
DIAC Forward Characteristics
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Course Code: ECL2283115
Simulated Circuit:
DIAC Reverse Biased
Simulated Result:
DIAC Reverse Characteristics
Conclusion: