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Voltage and Turns Ratio in Transformers

The document investigates the relationship between the output/input voltage ratio and the turns ratio in a self-designed transformer. The experiment confirms that the voltage ratio closely matches the turns ratio, with minor deviations due to losses. The findings validate the transformer equation and demonstrate ideal behavior under low-power conditions.

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prithvi raj
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23 views3 pages

Voltage and Turns Ratio in Transformers

The document investigates the relationship between the output/input voltage ratio and the turns ratio in a self-designed transformer. The experiment confirms that the voltage ratio closely matches the turns ratio, with minor deviations due to losses. The findings validate the transformer equation and demonstrate ideal behavior under low-power conditions.

Uploaded by

prithvi raj
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATION BETWEEN THE

RATIO OF (i) OUTPUT AND INPUT VOLTAGE AND


(ii) NUMBER OF TURNS IN THE SECONDARY COIL
AND PRIMARY COIL OF A SELF-DESIGNED
TRANSFORMER

Aim: To investigate experimentally the relationship between the ratio of the output voltage and
input voltage (V■ / V■) and the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary coil to the number of
turns in the primary coil (N■ / N■) for a self-designed transformer.

Apparatus / Materials:
- Primary coil: 24 SWG copper wire (N■ = 100 turns)
- Secondary coils: N■ = 50, 100, 150, 200 turns
- Soft iron laminated core
- AC variac (0–12 V output)
- Digital multimeters (for V■ and V■)
- Connecting wires, insulation tape, and load resistor (100 Ω)

Theory: A transformer works on the principle of mutual induction. When alternating voltage is
applied to the primary coil, an alternating magnetic flux links with the secondary coil, inducing an
emf according to Faraday’s Law. For an ideal transformer, V■/V■ = N■/N■.

Observations and Data:


Trial V■ (V) N■ N■/N■ V■ (V) V■/V■
1 6.0 50 0.5 3.0 0.50
2 6.0 100 1.0 6.1 1.02
3 6.0 150 1.5 8.8 1.47
4 6.0 200 2.0 11.5 1.92
5 12.0 50 0.5 6.1 0.51
6 12.0 100 1.0 12.2 1.02
7 12.0 150 1.5 17.8 1.48
8 12.0 200 2.0 23.6 1.97

Conclusion: The experiment verifies that the ratio of output and input voltages in a transformer is
nearly equal to the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary and primary coils. Minor deviations
occur due to core and copper losses.

Viva Questions:
1. What is the working principle of a transformer?
2. Why does a transformer not work with DC supply?
3. What causes eddy current losses?
4. What are the differences between step-up and step-down transformers?
Final Note: The project successfully demonstrates the proportionality of voltage and turns ratio in a
self-designed transformer. This validates the transformer equation and shows that real transformers
behave nearly ideally under low-power conditions.

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