TORSION
EXAMPLE 1
A solid circular shaft has a diameter of 80 mm. Find the maximum shear stress and
the angle of twist in a length of 2 m when the shaft is subjected to a torque of 10
kN m. G=85GPa
Solution
From the torsion equation T/J = τ/r, τ will be maximum when
r is equal to the radius of the shaft. T = 5 kNm, D = 80 mm.
Also, T/J = Gθ/L, where θ is the angle of twist over a length L
of the shaft.
L = 2 m = 2000 mm and G = 85 GPa = 85,000 N/mm2.
EXAMPLE 2
A solid circular shaft of diameter 100 mm is subjected to a torque of 25 kNm. The angle of twist
over a length of 3 m is observed to be 0.09 rad. Find the modulus of rigidity of the
material.
Solution
EXAMPLE 3
A hollow circular shaft has an external diameter of 120 mm and the internal diameter is
three-fourths the external diameter. If the stress at a fiber inside is 36 MPa, due to a torque
T applied, find this torque, the maximum shear stress, and the angle of twist per unit length.
G = 85 MPa.
Solution
J = π/32 (1204 - 904)
τ = T/J × R
EXAMPLE 4 : Find the maximum power transmitted by a shaft at 200 rpm without exceeding the permissible
stress of 100 MPa if the shaft is (i) a solid circular shaft of diameter 60 mm and (ii) a
hollow shaft of the same internal diameter and has the same weight as the solid shaft.
Solution
For a solid circular shaft, the maximum internal torque
that can be generated is given by
EXAMPLE 5 : A compound shaft is made of two material on the left is 1 m length of steel, 90 mm Ø,
and on the right is 0.8 m length of aluminum, 60 mm Ø . The shaft is fixed at the left end and
a torque of 1 kN m is applied at the right end, as shown in Figure Determine the additional
torque that can be applied at B without exceeding the permissible stress in steel of 90
MPa. Also work out the nature and magnitude of a torque T to be applied at B so that the
angle of twist at C with respect to A is zero. The modulus of rigidity is 85 GPa for steel and
30 GPa for aluminium.
Solution For the aluminium shaft,
EXAMPLE 4 : A shaft of diameter 60 mm is subjected to torques as shown in Figure.
Find the maximum shear stress and the angular deformation of D with respect to A. G =
85 GPa.
Solution :
The torque diagram is shown in Fig The
maximum shear stress will be in segment A B,
which has a torque of 1400 Nm
EXAMPLE 5 : A circular shaft, 1200 mm long, varies uniformly in diameter from 40 mm to 80 mm. If
it is subjected to a torque of 0.5 kNm, find the maximum stress in the shaft and the angle of
twist (relative) between the end sections. G = 85 GPa.
Solution :
The shaft is shown in Figure ,the maximum stress is at the smaller end given by
A general expression for the angle of twist of tapering shafts can be found from figure
EXAMPLE 8 : For the shaft shown in Figure, find the maximum value of torque T such that stress insteel
is within 90 MPa and that in brass is within 50 MPa. The steel shaft is of 20 mm Ø and
the brass shaft of 30 mm Ø . G = 85 GPa for steel and 40 GPa for brass.
Solution
For the steel shaft,
Let TA and TB be the resisting couples at A and B. TA + TB = T.
EXAMPLE 9 : A hollow, circular copper shaft of 60 mm external and 30 mm internal diameter and a steel solid shaft of 50 mm radius are
rigidly connected in series and subjected to a torque of 5000 Nm as shown in Figure. Determine the maximum stresses in the two shafts. G
= 80 GPa for steel and 40 GPa for copper. Length of the copper shaft is 0.5 m and that of the steel shaft is 0.45 m.
Solution
Let Ts and Tc be the torque
carried by the two shafts
EXAMPLE 10 : A solid circular steel shaft of diameter 20 mm is enclosed within a brass hollow circular shaft of external
diameter 30 mm and internal diameter 20 mm. If the two shafts are rigidly connected and the angle of twist due to a torque of
410 Nm is 2" in a length of 300 mm, find the value of G for brass if G for steel is 80 GPa. Also find the maximum shearing
stress in the two materials.
Solution
The situation is shown in Figure