1. What is Quality & Quality Control?

Quality: Quality is meeting customer

requirements also; quality refers to the
characteristics of a product or service
that defines its ability to consistently
meet or exceed customer
expectations.
Quality Control: Quality control (QC) is
a systematic process used to ensure
that products or services meet
specified quality standards and
requirements. It is a critical aspect of
manufacturing and service industries,
aiming to identify and rectify any
defects or deviations from the desired
quality.
2. What are the difference between
Quality Assurance & QC & TQM?
QA TQM
QA is a set of TQM is a
systematic comprehensive
activities and and holistic
processes. approach.
To ensure that To managing
products or quality across an
services meet organization.
predefined
quality
standards.
It focuses on It involves the
preventing participation of
defects and all employees in
errors during the continuously
development or improving
production processes,
process. products, and
services.
Key aspects Key principles
include quality include customer
planning, quality focus, continuous
improvement,
control, employee
corrective action, involvement,
and process approach,
documentation. data-driven
decisions, and
leadership
commitment.
QA is a specific TQM goes
subset of overall beyond quality
quality control and
management. assurance, as it
influences the
entire
organization's
culture and
operations.
3. Describe about Eight Dimension of
Quality.
Performance: Performance refers to a
product's primary product
characteristics. This refers to
appropriate function ability of the
product or whether the product
performs satisfactorily as desired or
expected by the customer. It involves
the various operating characteristics of
the product. For a television set, for
example, these characteristics will be
the quality of the picture, sound and
longevity of the picture tube.
Example (The comfort of a user using
long wear contact lenses.)
Features: Secondary Characteristics,
added features, such as remote
control. Features are additional
characteristics that enhance the
appeal of the product or service to the
user. These are characteristics that are
supplemental to the basic operating
characteristics. In an automobile, for
example, a stereo CD player would be
an additional feature.
Reliability: Consistency of performance
over time. Reliability of a product is
the degree of dependability and
trustworthiness of the benefit of the
product for a long period of time. It
addresses the probability that the
product will work without interruption
or breaking down.
Consistency of performance over time.
Conformance: Meeting specifications
or industry standards. It is the degree
to which the product conforms to pre-
established specifications. All quality
products are expected to precisely
meet the set standards. Conformance
is how well something, such as product
or system, meets a specified standard.
Durability: Useful life includes repair. It
measures the length of time that a
product performs before a
replacement becomes necessary. The
durability of home appliances such as
a washing machine can range from 10
to 15 years.
Service: Resolution of problems and
complains, ease of repair. Service
ability refers to the promptness,
courtesy, proficiency and ease in
repair when the product breaks down
and is sent for repairs.
Aesthetics: Aesthetic aspect of a
product is comparatively subjective in
nature and refers to its impact on the
human senses such as how it looks,
feels, sounds, tastes and so on,
depending upon the type of product.
Automobile companies make sure that
in addition to functional quality, the
automobiles are also artistically
attractive.
Products look, feel, taste and smell.
Perceived quality: An equally
important dimension of quality is the
perception of the quality of the product
in the mind of the consumer. Honda
cars, Sony Walkman and Rolex
watches are perceived to be high
quality items by the consumers.
Quality as viewed by a customer or
clients.
4. Define AQL. Write down the name
of types of AQL standards in
garment industry.
AQL stands for "Acceptable Quality
Level." It is a widely used statistical
sampling method in the garment
industry (and various other industries)
to determine the quality of a batch of
products. The AQL method helps in
assessing whether the production lot
meets the specified quality standards
or not.
There are three common types of AQL
standards used in the garment
industry:
Critical: Must be 100%accurate. There
is no range.
Major: Normally 2.5%
Minor: Normally 4%
Slight: 6.5%

5. Define quality control organogram.

Show the organogram of quality
control Department.
An organogram, also known as an
organizational chart or org chart, is a
visual representation of the
hierarchical structure of an
organization. It provides a clear and
concise overview of the relationships
among different roles, positions, and
departments within the organization.
6. Write down the importance
organogram.
Organograms play a crucial role in
organizational management and are of
significant importance for several
reasons:
Clarity of Structure: Organograms
provide a clear visual representation of
the hierarchical structure of the
organization, showing the relationships
between different roles, departments,
and reporting lines. This clarity helps
employees understand their positions
and roles, fostering a sense of
direction and purpose within the
organization.
Communication and Coordination: By
outlining the chain of command,
organograms facilitate communication
and coordination among employees
and departments. Employees know
whom to report to and who their
superiors are, enabling smoother flow
of information and decision-making
processes.
Decision-making and Accountability:
With an organogram in place, it is
easier to identify the individuals or
positions responsible for specific
decisions or tasks. This enhances
accountability within the organization,
as everyone knows their areas of
responsibility and authority.
Efficient Resource Management:
Organograms assist in resource
allocation and optimization. By
understanding the roles and functions
of each department and position,
organizations can better allocate
resources, assign responsibilities, and
streamline workflows.
Effective Human Resources
Management: Human resource
departments benefit from
organograms when managing
employee information, job
descriptions, and career paths. It aids
in the recruitment process by clarifying
the reporting hierarchy and necessary
qualifications for each role.
Organizational Analysis and Planning:
Studying the organogram can reveal
potential inefficiencies or bottlenecks
in the organization's structure. This
understanding helps in making
informed decisions about
organizational changes, such as
restructuring, expansion, or
downsizing.
Conflict Resolution: In case of conflicts
or disagreements, the organogram can
be referenced to understand the
proper channels for resolving issues.
This can prevent conflicts from
escalating and ensure problems are
addressed by the appropriate
individuals or teams.
Orientation and Onboarding: For new
employees, organograms are valuable
tools during the orientation and
onboarding process. They aid
newcomers in understanding the
company's structure, their positions,
and how they fit into the larger
organization.
Transparency and Engagement: By
making the organization's structure
visible to all employees, organograms
foster transparency and open
communication. This can lead to
increased employee engagement as
staff members have a better
understanding of their roles and
contributions to the organization's
goals.
External Communication:
Organograms can also be shared with
external stakeholders, such as clients,
partners, investors, or regulatory
bodies, to demonstrate the
organization's structure and
management hierarchy.
7. Write down the Responsibilities of
Quality Control manager / quality
incharge / quality supervisor.
Quality Control Manager
Responsibilities:
 Gaining an understanding of the
client's needs and requirements and
communicating them and the quality
standards to the production teams.
 Devising ways to improve the
manufacturing process to ensure
higher-quality goods.
 Devising, improving, and reviewing
new specifications and procedures
 for products or processes, and
training staff to use them.
 Setting the requirements for raw
materials from suppliers and
monitoring their compliance.
 Supervising inspectors, technicians,
and other staff members and
providing guidance.
 Ensuring legal obligations are
followed and ensuring compliance
with regulatory bodies and with
health and safety guidelines.
 Overseeing product development
procedures to identify any deviations
from quality standards.
 Inspecting the final output,
comparing it to the requirements,
and approving or rejecting the final
products.
 Keeping accurate documentation and
performing statistical analysis.
 Gaining feedback from the clients,
attending meetings, submitting
reports, and assisting external
auditors and inspectors.
Quality incharge:
 Arranging wash test and shrinkage
observation before cutting.
 Random inline checking.
 Responsible for making “Internal
Final Inspection Report’’ before
shipments.
 To ensure quality sewing section,
cutting section & finishing section.
 To have statistical data of different
kinds of defects what had occurred
before.
 To find out the route causes of
defects & problems.
 To take corrective & preventive
actions against problems & defects.
 A minimum 10% of the delivered
quantity must be inspected to
demonstrate compliance to the
‘Buyer Approved Bulk Submission’
Internal documents control.
 To inspect the garments according
to the style.
 To ensure the quality according to
the requirement.
 To inform the operator (process
wise) about the defects.
 To keep record of defects.
 Responsible for reworks caused due
to quality defects overlooked by the
inspectors.
 In-house testing on every batch for
colour fastness, shrinkage and
where necessary, spirality where
facilities are provided. As required to
perform the specified job summary.
Quality Supervisor Responsibilities:
 Audit for compliance with company
GMP policies.
 Audit for compliance to control plan
requirements.
 Prepares certificates of compliances
and / or analysis, customer
scorecards and other customer
required documents.
 Document the processes involved
when creating bottles in order to
keep quality records.
 Ensures that testing standards,
procedures, and equipment provide
reliable results and prevent
shipment of off quality products
 Train, Mentor and develop direct
reports and peers to be skilled
experts in the application of Quality
tools.
 Facilitate problem-solving and
process improvement processes with
manufacturing and the customer to
 achieve resolution and elimination of
current product issues
 Audit sites for compliance to
national standards for sanitation,
product safety, and quality systems.
 Provide leadership to direct reports
in accordance with company core
values.
 Other duties as assigned by
Manager.
8. Briefly describe about classification
of fabric defect.
Mainly there are four categories of
fabric defects which are mentioned
below.
 Construction defects: Any
nonconformance of deficiency in
construction of the fabric, such as:
Density, Count of the yarn, Fiber
content, Wales/inch. Course/inch,
etc.
 Latent defects: These are hidden
defects in the fabric and it is not
found visually. These defects can be
identified by testing or other
process. Such as: Colour fastness,
Shrinkage, Tensile Strength etc.
 Patent defects: These defects can be
observed in visual examination and
can be quantified by using grading
system. Such as: Slab, Hole, Missing
yarn etc.
 Other defects: Some other defects
may occur in the fabric which is
considered as different as above
three categories. Such as: Length,
with, Shade variation etc.
9. Write down the ten name of woven
fabric defects or knit fabric defect.
Woven Fabric Defects:
Knots: Knots are formed when two or
more yarns are improperly joined
during weaving. These knots create
visible lumps or irregularities in the
fabric, affecting its smoothness and
aesthetics.
Misdraws: Misdraws occur when the
warp yarns are incorrectly threaded
through the loom, leading to weaving
errors and misaligned patterns. This
defect can result in distorted designs
and compromised fabric integrity.
Broken Warp or Weft Yarns: During the
weaving process, yarns may break due
to various reasons, such as excessive
tension or low yarn strength. Broken
yarns can cause interruptions in the
fabric, reducing its overall strength
and creating weak points.
Floats and Skips: Floats happen when
warp or weft yarns skip over multiple
adjacent yarns, leaving loose threads
on the fabric's surface. Skips, on the
other hand, occur when the weaving
process misses inserting a weft yarn,
resulting in gaps in the fabric.
Weft Bar: A weft bar is a visible line
across the width of the fabric, caused
by a temporary stoppage or a change
in weft yarn during weaving. This
defect affects the fabric's uniformity
and appearance.
Reed Marks: Reed marks occur due to
the pressure exerted by the reed (a
comb-like part of the loom) on the
fabric during weaving. These marks
can create variations in the fabric's
density and appearance.
Selvage Defects: Selvages are the
finished edges of the fabric, but
defects can occur in this area.
Common selvage defects include
broken selvage threads, uneven
selvage width, or frayed selvage
edges.
Tension Variations: Inconsistent
tension during weaving can lead to
variations in fabric tightness, resulting
in uneven patterns or puckering.
Misaligned Patterns: If the warp or weft
yarns are not positioned correctly, the
woven patterns may be misaligned,
affecting the fabric's design and
aesthetics.
Slubs and Thick/Thin Places: Slubs are
thicker areas in the fabric caused by
variations in yarn thickness, while
thick/thin places result from irregular
tension during weaving. Both defects
can affect the fabric's surface
smoothness and appearance.
Skewing: Skewing refers to the
distortion of the woven fabric's
rectangular shape, causing it to be
non-parallel at the edges.
Knit Fabric Defects:
Holes and Runs: Holes or runs in knit
fabric are among the most apparent
defects. They can occur due to broken
or missed stitches during the knitting
process. These defects compromise
the fabric's integrity and aesthetics,
making it unsuitable for use in most
applications.
Yarn Slubs: Slubs are thickened
portions of the yarn that create
irregularities in the fabric's surface.
They may occur due to inconsistencies
in the yarn thickness or irregular
feeding during knitting. Slubs can
affect the fabric's appearance and
smoothness.
Snags and Pulls: Snags and pulls are
defects caused by the catching of yarn
loops on external objects during
production or handling. These defects
can create unsightly irregularities and
weaken the fabric.
Barre: Barre refers to the appearance
of noticeable vertical streaks or stripes
on the fabric. It can result from
variations in yarn tension or yarn feed
during knitting. Barre is often seen in
single-jersey fabrics and can affect the
fabric's visual appeal.
Drop stitches: Drop stitches occur
when a stitch is missed or dropped
during the knitting process. This defect
can lead to holes in the fabric and an
uneven surface.
Color Variation: Inconsistent dyeing or
knitting tension can cause color
variations within the fabric, leading to
a patchy or uneven appearance.
Pilling: Pilling is the formation of small
balls or fuzz on the fabric's surface due
to the entanglement of loose fibers.
Pilling can result from the use of low-
quality yarns or inadequate fabric
finishing processes.
Uneven Tension: Uneven tension
during the knitting process can lead to
variations in fabric density, causing
irregularities in the fabric's structure
and appearance.
Oil Stains: Oil stains can occur during
the knitting or finishing processes
when lubricants or additives are not
adequately removed. These stains can
affect the fabric's color and texture.
Laddering: Laddering, also known as
"run knitting," happens when a column
of stitches unravels and creates a
ladder-like effect on the fabric. This
defect is commonly seen in hosiery
and can be caused by issues in the
knitting machine or yarn tension.
10. What do you mean by AQL is 6.5%
or 4% or 1.5%?
AQL 6.5%: If the AQL is 6.5%, it means
that in a batch of products being
inspected, the acceptable level of
defects is 6.5% of the total number of
items. In other words, up to 6.5% of
the products can be defective, and the
batch would still be considered
acceptable.
AQL 4%: With an AQL of 4%, the
acceptable level of defects is reduced
to 4% of the total batch size. This
means that the allowable defective
products in the batch are limited to
4%.
AQL 1.5%: An AQL of 1.5% sets even
stricter quality standards. Only 1.5% of
the products can be defective in the
batch for it to be considered
acceptable.
11. What do you mean by Fabric
Inspection? Write down the name of
Different types of fabric Inspection
system.
Fabric inspection is a critical quality
control process in the textile and
apparel industry that involves carefully
examining and assessing the quality of
fabrics before they are used in
manufacturing or sold to consumers.
The main purpose of fabric inspection
is to identify and detect any defects,
flaws, or imperfections in the fabric
that could affect the end product's
quality, durability, and appearance.
There are various fabric inspection
systems, as listed below.
1. 4 - point system
2. 10- point system
3. Graniteville “78” system
4. Dallas system
12. Write down the Importance of
fabric inspection.
Fabric inspection is of paramount
importance in the textile industry for
several reasons:
Quality Assurance: Fabric inspection
ensures that the fabric meets the
required quality standards and
specifications. Detecting and rectifying
defects before the fabric is used in
production helps prevent substandard
products and customer complaints.
Cost Reduction: Identifying defects
early in the production process saves
costs associated with remanufacturing,
rework, or disposal of defective fabric.
It minimizes material wastage and
maximizes production efficiency.
Consistency and Uniformity: Fabric
inspection helps maintain consistency
and uniformity in the final product. By
ensuring that all fabric rolls meet the
same quality standards, manufacturers
can produce products with a uniform
appearance and performance.
Product Performance: Fabric defects
can affect the performance and
durability of the final product. Proper
inspection ensures that the fabric is
free from flaws that could compromise
the product's strength, comfort, and
functionality.
Customer Satisfaction: Quality fabrics
result in high-quality products that
satisfy customer expectations.
Ensuring defect-free fabric enhances
customer satisfaction and builds trust
in the brand.
Compliance with Regulations: Many
industries, such as the automotive and
aerospace sectors, have strict quality
and safety regulations. Fabric
inspection helps manufacturers comply
with these standards and deliver
products that meet industry
requirements.
Early Detection of Production Issues:
Fabric inspection can reveal potential
issues in the production process, such
as weaving or knitting problems.
Addressing these issues promptly
improves overall production efficiency
and reduces the likelihood of defects in
subsequent fabric batches.
Preventing Defective Garments and
Returns: Defective fabric can lead to
the production of flawed garments or
other textile products. By identifying
and correcting fabric defects,
manufacturers reduce the chances of
producing faulty items that might
result in customer returns.
Upholding Brand Reputation:
Consistently delivering high-quality
products reinforces a brand's
reputation for reliability and
excellence. On the other hand, using
subpar fabrics can tarnish a brand's
image and lead to customer
dissatisfaction.
Continual Improvement: Regular fabric
inspection allows manufacturers to
gather data on defects and production
issues. Analyzing this data helps in
identifying trends and implementing
corrective actions, contributing to
continual improvement in product
quality and manufacturing processes.
13. What do you understand by 4-
point system & 10-point system?
4-point system: In this system fabric
faults are identified with defect points
in the scale of 4. i.e. maximum defect
points is 4.
According to this system, if the total
defect parts per 100 yards of fabric are
40 or more, the fabric will be rejected.
Criteria for giving penalty points:
Length of Penalty point
Defect
Up to 3 inch 1
Over 3 inch - up 2
to 6 inch
Over 6 inch - up 3
to 9 inch
Over 9 inch 4
1 inch or less 2
(Holes)
Over 1 inch 1

10 point system: In this system, the

fabric fault are identified with points
on the basis of the scale of 10, i.e. the
maximum defect point is 10.
According to this system, If the total
defect points per 100 yards of fabric
are 100 or more the fabric will be
rejected.
In this system warp & weft direction
faults are separately inspected and
assigned defect points.

Warp defect Penalty points

Up to 1” 1 points
From 1” to 5” 3 points
From 5” to 10” 5 points
From 10” to 36” 10 points

Weft defect Penalty points

Up to 1” 1 points
From 1” to 5” 3 points
From 5” to full 5 points
width
Full width 10 points

14. Define fabric defects.

Fabric defects refer to any
irregularities, flaws, or imperfections
found in a piece of fabric that deviate
from the intended quality standards.
These defects can occur during the
manufacturing, processing, or handling
of the fabric and may negatively
impact its appearance, durability, or
performance.
15. Note Kata
16. What do you mean by Garment
measurement?
Garment measurement refers to the
process of taking accurate and
standardized measurements of a piece
of clothing or garment. These
measurements are essential for
creating well-fitted and comfortable
garments. Garment measurements are
typically taken during the design and
production stages to ensure that the
final product meets specific size and fit
requirements.
17. Write down the preconditions for
garment measurement.
Before taking garment measurements,
several preconditions need to be met
to ensure accurate and consistent
results. Here are the key preconditions
for garment measurement:
Proper lighting: Sufficient and uniform
lighting is essential to ensure that the
measurements are taken accurately
without any shadows or distortions.
Correct tools: Ensure that appropriate
measuring tools are available, such as
measuring tapes, rulers, and other.
Flat surface: A flat and level surface
should be used for placing the garment
during measurement to avoid any
distortions or unevenness.
Relaxed garment: Before measuring,
the garment should be laid flat or hung
appropriately to eliminate any wrinkles
or tension that might affect the
measurements.
Consistent reference points: Ensure
consistent and standardized reference
points for each measurement across
different garments to maintain
uniformity.
Standard measurement chart: Use a
standard measurement chart or guide
for the specific type of garment being
measured. This helps to ensure that
the correct measurements are taken
for each part of the garment
A trained measurer: Measurements
should be taken by a skilled and
trained individual who understands the
correct techniques and practices for
taking garment measurements.
Customer specifications: If the
garment is being made to fit a specific
individual, make sure to have the
customer's specifications or
measurements available for reference.
Accurate marking: Mark each
measurement point clearly and
precisely to avoid confusion during the
later stages of garment production.
18. Write down the importance of
garment measurement.
The importance of garment
measurement cannot be overstated in
the fashion and clothing industry.
Accurate and precise garment
measurements are essential for
various reasons:
Proper fit: Garment measurements
ensure that the clothing fits well and is
comfortable for the wearer. A well-
fitted garment enhances the overall
appearance, boosts confidence, and
provides ease of movement.
Customer satisfaction: When
customers find garments that fit them
perfectly, they are more likely to be
satisfied with their purchase. Satisfied
customers are more likely to become
repeat buyers and recommend the
brand to others.
Reduced returns and exchanges:
Accurate measurements lead to fewer
instances of customers returning or
exchanging clothing due to sizing
issues. This helps reduce the
associated costs and logistics for the
manufacturer or retailer.
Efficient production: Proper
measurements during the design and
pattern-making stages help optimize
fabric usage and minimize wastage,
leading to more efficient and cost-
effective production processes.
Customization: For made-to-measure
or bespoke garments, accurate
measurements are crucial to create
clothing tailored to an individual's
unique body shape and preferences.
Fashion design and pattern-making:
Measurements are the foundation for
creating well-proportioned and
balanced fashion designs. Pattern-
makers use garment measurements to
translate the design into a tangible
pattern.
Quality control: Garment
measurements serve as a critical
aspect of quality control during the
production process. Regularly checking
and verifying measurements help
identify any discrepancies or errors in
production.
Brand reputation: Consistently
delivering garments with accurate
measurements and good fit
establishes a positive brand reputation
for quality and attention to detail.
Accessibility and inclusivity: Accurate
measurements are essential for
creating clothing that fits people of all
body types and sizes, promoting
inclusivity in the fashion industry.
19. Write down the Measurement
Points & procedure of Top
Garments?
First of all, we have to Prepare the
garment Lay the garment flat on a
smooth surface or hang it on a clothing
hanger. Ensure that the top is wrinkle-
free and in its natural shape.
Bust/Chest: Measure around the fullest
part of the bust/chest area, typically at
the nipple line for women and under
the armpits for men.
Waist: Measure around the narrowest
part of the waist, usually above the
belly button for women and at the
natural waistline for men.
Hip: For women's tops, measure
around the fullest part of the hips and
buttocks. For men's tops, this
measurement is usually not taken.
Shoulder Width: Measure across the
back from the outer edge of one
shoulder to the other.
Back Length: Measure from the base of
the neck (where the top of the
shoulder meets the neck) to the
desired length of the top.
Front Length: Measure from the base
of the neck to the desired length of the
front of the top.
Sleeve Length: Measure from the
shoulder point to the wrist or the
desired length of the sleeve.
Armhole Circumference: Measure the
circumference of the armhole, which is
the opening of the sleeve where it
connects to the body of the top.
Bicep Circumference: Measure the
circumference of the bicep muscle,
usually taken around the fullest part of
the upper arm.
Wrist Circumference: Measure the
circumference of the wrist at its widest
point.
Double-check measurements: After
taking all the measurements, double-
check to ensure accuracy and
consistency.
Record the measurements: Record all
the measurements, either on paper or
digitally, for reference during the
garment production process.
20. Write down the Measurement
Points & procedure of bottoms
Garments?
First of all, Prepare the garment Lay
the bottom garment flat on a smooth
surface or hang it on a clothing
hanger. Ensure that the garment is
wrinkle-free and in its natural shape.
Waist: Measure around the narrowest
part of the waist, usually located
above the belly button and below the
ribcage.
Hip: Measure around the fullest part of
the hips and buttocks.
Thigh Circumference: Measure the
circumference of the thigh, typically
taken around the fullest part.
Knee Circumference (for pants):
Measure the circumference of the
knee, taken around the knee cap.
Calf Circumference (for pants):
Measure the circumference of the calf,
taken around the fullest part.
Inseam (for pants): Measure from the
crotch seam to the desired length
down the inner leg.
Outseam (for pants and skirts):
Measure from the waistband to the
desired length down the outer leg (for
pants) or down the side (for skirts).
Skirt/Dress Length (for skirts and
dresses): Measure from the waistband
to the desired length of the skirt or
dress.
Rise (for pants and shorts): Measure
from the front waistband through the
crotch to the back waistband. It
indicates the distance between the
crotch and the waistband.
Hip Depth (for pants and shorts):
Measure from the waistband down to
the fullest part of the hips.
Double-check measurements: After
taking all the measurements, double-
check to ensure accuracy and
consistency.
Record the measurements: Record all
the measurements, either on paper or
digitally, for reference during the
garment production process.
21. What is Garment Zone? Define
zone A & zone B.
The zone of garments means to
indicate the important part of
garments.
Zone-A: The obvious area of the
garments includes the whole collar,
placket, pocket and upper part of the
garments in where any kind of fault
can be appeared easily is called Zone-
A. In zone- Any kind of minor fault is
considered to be major fault. The
defects of the garments are visible
when the garments are packed.
Zone-B: The non-obvious area of the
garments normally lower part of the
garment in where any kind of fault
cannot be easily appeared is called
Zone- B.
In zone-B any major fault can be
considered as minor fault. The defects
of the garments are visible when the
garments are open flat.
22. Show the zone classification of
Pant & Shirt?

23.

Define Garments defects.

Garment defects refer to any
imperfections, flaws, or irregularities
found in a piece of clothing or textile
product that deviate from the intended
standard or quality. These defects can
occur during the manufacturing
process and may affect the
appearance, functionality, or overall
quality of the garment.
24. Describe the classification of
Garments defects according to
various manufacturing stages.
Here is a typical classification
according to various manufacturing
stages:
Fabric Defects:
 These defects occur at the initial
stage of garment production when
the fabric is being manufactured or
processed.
 Common fabric defects include
slubs, holes, snags, stains, color
inconsistencies, printing flaws, etc.
Cutting Defects:
 These defects happen during the
fabric cutting process to create
pattern pieces.
 Common cutting defects include
notches not aligned correctly,
inaccurate cutting, wrong pattern
placement, etc.
Sewing Defects:
 Sewing defects occur during the
assembly of garment pieces.
 Common sewing defects include:
A. Misaligned seams or mismatched
pattern elements.
B. Skipped stitches or loose threads.
C. Uneven stitching tension.
[Link] attached labels or
tags.
E. Incorrectly inserted zippers,
buttons, or other fasteners.
F. Uneven hems or faulty finishing.
Fitting and Sizing Defects:
 These defects arise when the
garment's measurements or fit do
not match the intended
specifications.
 Common fitting and sizing defects
include:
A. Tight or loose fit.
B. Length discrepancies.
C. Sleeve or pant leg length
inconsistencies.
 [Link] or armhole fit issues.
E. Neckline or collar misalignment.
Pressing and Ironing Defects:
 Defects that occur during the
pressing and ironing stage, which
follows the sewing process.
 Common pressing defects include:
A. Fabric shine due to excessive heat
or pressure.
B. Creases or wrinkles that are not
removed properly.
C. Pressing marks or imprints on the
fabric.
Trimming and Inspection Defects:
 These defects are identified during
the final trimming and inspection
stages before packaging.
 Common trimming and inspection
defects include:
A. Loose threads not trimmed off.
B. Stains or spots on the fabric.
C. Garments with missing or broken
buttons, zippers, or other
components.
[Link] colors or patterns.
25. Briefly describe about quality
control in Finishing & packaging
section of a apparel industry.
Finishing Section:
 Proper inspection of the garments
including measurement, spot, dirt,
impurities.
 Water spot.
 Shading variation check
 Smooth and unfold in pocket
 In secured or broken chain or button
 Wrong fold
 Proper shape in garments
 Properly dried in after pressing
 Wanted wrinkle or fold in lining
 Get up checking
 Collar closing
 Side seam
 Sleeve placket attach
 Cuff attach  Bottom hem  Back
yoke 
 Every parts of a body
Packaging Section:
 Correct ticketing and placement.
 Packing accuracy of quantity,
assortment, and folding.
 Correct carton section as per
customer requirement.
 Packaging, sealing, binding and
barcode checking.
26. What do you mean by Final
inspection? Write down the Purposes
of Final Inspection of garment.
Final inspection refers to the last stage
in a manufacturing or production
process where a product or service is
thoroughly examined, tested, and
assessed for compliance with quality
standards, specifications, and
requirements before it is delivered to
the customer or released for public
use.
Purposes: The main purposes of the
final inspection of garments include:
 Buyers can understand about the
quality standard of the merchandise
being purchases.
 Last opportunity to know the quality
status of the garments lot for both
buyer & Supplier.
 It is an important part of quality
control activity in clothing industry.
 It is an obvious condition from
buyers end to conduct
27. Write down the sequence of Final
Inspection of garment.
PACKING LIST VERIFY / COMPARE WITH P.O.
SHEET
|
 DETERMINE LOT SIZE
|
SELECT INSPECTION SEVERITY LEVEL &
SAMPLING PLAN
|
INSPECTION PREPARATION
|
CARTON CHECKING
|
PACKING & PAKAGING CHECK
CARTON SELECTION
|
SAMPLE SELECTION (SAMPLE PICKING)
|
SAMPLE (GARMENTS) CHECKING
|
MEASUREMENT (DIMENTION) CHECKING
|
RECORDS OF DEFECTS/DEFECTIVES/NON-
CONFORMANCES
|
TABULATION AND EVALUATE RESULTS
|
DEFECTIVE SAMPLE DRAW FOR REFERENCE
|
CARTON FILLUP
|
STICKER & SIGNATURE
|
REPORTING
28. Describe about various section
wise quality control.
Sample Section:
 Maintaining buyer Specification
standard
 Checking the sample and its
different issues
 Measurements checking
 Fabric color, GSM, Fastness etc
properties required checking
 SPI and other parameter checking
Store section:
 Store section is centralized in
apparel industry and all the fabric
comes to this unit first from the
supplier and audited here and kept
until it is distributed to other section.
Following controlling are checked
here.
 Inventory
 Fabrics
 Material
 Swatch board making
 Cleanliness
 Reporting
Quality control in cutting section:
Marker Making
 To check notch or drill mark
 Fabric width must be higher than
marker width
 Fabric length must be higher than
marker length
 Matching of green line
 Check pattern size and dimension
 Matching of check and stripe taking
into consideration
 Considering garments production
plan
 Cutting table length consideration
 Pattern direction consideration

Fabric Spreading
 Fabric spreading according to
correct alignment with marker
length and width
 Maintain requirements of spreading
 Matching of check and stripe
 Lay contains correct number of
fabric ply
 Correct Ply direction
 To control the fabric splicing
 Tension control

Fabric Cutting
 The dimension of the pattern and
the cut piece should be same and
accurate
 Cut edge should be smooth and
clean
 Notch should be cut finely
 Drill hole should made at proper
place
 No yarn fraying should occur at cut
edge
 Avoid blade deflection
 Maintain cutting angle
Sewing Section:
 Input material checking
 Cut panel and accessories checking
 Machine is in well condition
 Thread count check
 Needle size checking
 Stitching fault should be checked
 Garments measurement check
 Seam fault check
 Size mistake check
 Shade variation within the cloth
 Wrong placement of interlining
Washing Quality Control:
 To keep measurement within
tolerance.
 Create awareness regarding buyer
required wash & measurement.
 Check batch by batch after wash
measurement.
 follow the buyer wash team given
instructions perfectly to maintain
wash shade & measurement within
tolerance.
 The washing plant does not deliver
any goods which are out of
tolerance.
 They have to rework with the
garments which are out of tolerance
& then deliver goods.
 Make sure not to pass out of
tolerance garments into the finishing
section by washing QC.
Finishing Section:
 Proper inspection of the garments
including measurement, spot, dirt,
impurities.
 Water spot.
 Shading variation check
 Smooth and unfold in pocket
 In secured or broken chain or button
 Wrong fold
 Proper shape in garments
 Properly dried in after pressing
 Wanted wrinkle or fold in lining
 Get up checking
 Collar closing
 Side seam
 Sleeve placket attach
 Cuff attach, Bottom hem, Back yoke
 Every parts of a body.

Packaging Section:
 Correct ticketing and placement.
 Packing accuracy of quantity,
assortment, and folding.
 Correct carton section as per
customer requirement.
 Packaging, sealing, binding and
barcode checking.
29. What are the reasons of poor
quality?
Insufficient Quality Control: If there are
no proper checks at various stages of
production, defects may go unnoticed,
resulting in poor-quality products
reaching the customers.
Poorly Defined Specifications: If
product specifications are not well-
defined or communicated, it can lead
to misunderstandings,
misinterpretations, and variations in
the final product.
Inadequate Training and Skill Levels:
Insufficient training of employees or
workers can result in errors during the
manufacturing or service delivery
process. Lack of expertise can lead to
improper handling of equipment,
incorrect assembly, and other
mistakes affecting quality.
Low-Quality Raw Materials: Using
substandard or low-quality raw
materials can significantly impact the
final product's quality. Even if the
production process is flawless, poor-
quality inputs can lead to defects and
product failures.
Inefficient Production Processes:
Outdated or inefficient production
processes can lead to inconsistencies
and defects.
Lack of Continuous Improvement: If an
organization does not prioritize
continuous improvement and learning
from past mistakes, it may repeat
errors and fail to enhance quality over
time.
Lack of Employee Engagement: When
employees are disengaged or
unmotivated, they may not pay
adequate attention to quality or take
pride in their work, leading to a decline
in overall product/service quality.
Rushed Production Schedules:
Pressures to meet tight deadlines or
high demand can result in hurried
production, leading to mistakes and
compromises in quality.
Communication Issues: Poor
communication between different
departments or teams can lead to
misunderstandings and misalignments
in the production process, resulting in
poor quality outcomes.
Supplier Issues: If suppliers provide
inconsistent or low-quality materials, it
can directly impact the final product's
quality.
Lack of Quality Management Systems:
An absence of robust quality
management systems and quality
assurance processes can lead to
oversight and failure to maintain
consistent quality standards.