DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

COORDINATED DESIGN PROJECT IV

: PROGRAMING

HOTEL

To: Ins Gedion Y By: Fikremariam H

Ins Daniel
Ins Habtamu Muche
Programing for a five star hotel design in Bahir Dar city.

i. Introduction
The tourism Industry‟s contribution to the world economy has grown so fast in the recent
years that it has become one of the leading foreign exchange earners of many
countries. Ethiopia with its diversified natural and manmade tourist potential can be one
of those main tourist receiving countries of the World in order to increase its share of
foreign exchange earnings; however, it should develop and improve its tourist facilities
to a level of internationally acceptable standards. The physical environment plays an
important role in influencing customers‟ behavior, creating an image for an organization
as well as the image of the hosting city and affecting social and cultural interaction. As a
result, corporations in Bahir Dar city should be developing eye catching and innovative
environments to better showcase their products, services and qualities. The physical
design of a building has been proven to restrict people‟s behavior and has the power to
influence people's reaction to particular environments. An appropriate physical
environment helps produce quality performance; if the environment is unsuitable,
people often leave and seek one that aligns more closely to their tastes and
preferences. For this reason, it is important for business firms to identify the desirable
behaviors of their customers and to then set goals that reinforce these behaviors,
especially hospitality centered Businesses like hotels.

ii. Problem Identification

One of the big economic input for cities such as Bahir Dar is tourism, and when we
ask the first thing tourists require when they are in town is a place to stay, that place
is a hotel. So hotels should provide a greatest experience that the tourist and guests
can get, they also should show off the good qualities of the city just to name a few
the Lake Tana and The Liver Abay and emphasize those qualities. Hotels are the
best places to impress the guests of the city so successfully that they extend their
stay, be tempted to visit again or share their experience so that the tourism income
of the city eventually increases. It is really in hotels we can create a good first
impression on the guests of the city. The city and our country has a lot of culture, art
and peoples with unique identity and own history, tourist come to Ethiopia by
considering of these qualities that make our country special. They need culture, art ,
social tradition, history, security and standard hospitality but the existing hotel design
in main city area typically express European style with low standard of hospitality
because of this, there lesser movement of tourist in Ethiopia that the potential it has.
Hotel of the city as a potential tool of interlinking the tourist with our culture efficient
and use standardize hospitality with by representing Ethiopian culture in hotel
design. therefore architecture is interpret this view by represent Ethiopian culture in
modern building. Achieving this provision architecturally should be through a design
process that ensures the sustainability of the building in its environment for many
generations to come and has a capability of interlinking the tourist with our
impressive culture.
 iii. Objectives
 To create the best first impression of the city to the visitors
 To show of the good qualities of the city such as culture, physical
features(the lake Tana and the river Abay), the climate and so on
 To provide a space for a great hospitality service that the visitors would
really enjoy so much that the result should be extended stay, good
advertising of the city, and a temptation to visit again and again,
 To create a building with high quality hospitality and enjoyable for all
tourist with representation of different Ethiopian culture in external and
internal space.

GOALS
Major goals are summarized below:

Economic: maximum ratio of quality to cost, minimum maintenance repair and

replacements. And by providing the best experience in town through
architectural design in addition to service giving, the hotel could exploit the
economic capability of foreigners and tourists.

Operational efficiency: efficient layout and flow. Minimize staffing requirements.

Provide access for the handicapped.

Control, security and safety: excellent visual and technological surveillance and
physical control.

Energy and environment: comfort throughout the facility with energy efficiency.
Attention to canopies especially in outdoor spaces. Provide
adequate and glare-free lighting and acoustics.

Image and aesthetic: a quality design reflecting and representing the best features of
the city focusing on the water bodies, while responding to the
local context and climate.

User perception and way finding: sensitive to user/visitor problems of access,

information needs and communication.

Working environment quality: A pleasant, comfortable and functional place to

entertain, stay, live, visit or work.
 iv. Tourist Needs

Security

Local (cultural and social)

Ethiopian Arts

History

Confidence on hospitality

v. Literature Review

Hotel

Definition
Hotel is a commercial establishment that provides lodging, meals and other guest
services. Facilities provided may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room
to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a fridge and other kitchen
facilities, upholstered chairs, a multi-media system and en-suit bathrooms. Small, lower-
priced hotels may offer only the most basic guest services and facilities. Larger, higher-
priced hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a swimming pool, business
center (with computers, printers and other office equipment), childcare, conference and
event facilities, tennis or basketball courts, gymnasium, restaurants, day spa and social
function services. Hotel rooms are usually numbered to allow guests to identify their
room.
History
The history of hotels is intimately connected to that of civilizations. Or rather, it is a part
of that history. Facilities offering guests hospitality have been in evidence since early
biblical times. The Greeks developed thermal baths in villages designed for rest and
recuperation. Later, the Romans built mansions to provide accommodation for travellers
on government business.

Types of Hotels
Hotels are classified according to the hotel size, location, target markets, levels of
service, facilities provided, number of rooms, ownership and affiliation etc.
 Upscale Luxury, Full Service, Historic inns and Boutique Hotels, Focused or
Selective Service, Economy and Limited Service, Extended Stay, Timeshare and
destination clubs, Motel.
vi. Case Studies

Burj al Arab, UAE

Burj al Arab (Tower of the Arabs) is a seven star luxury hotel located in Dubai, United
Arab Emirates. It is the third tallest hotel in the world. However, 39% of its total height is
made up of non – uncopiable space. Burj al Arab stands on an artificial island 280 m
(920 ft) from jermeirah beach and is connected to the mainland by a private curving
bridge. The shape of the structure is designed to mimic the sail of a ship. It has a
helipad near the roof at a height of 210 m above ground.
Burj Al Arab is a Green Global Certification recipient for its outstanding effort in
sustainability. It is impressed throughout all areas of the operational audit. In particular,
it excelled in water usage reduction, grey water recycling, as well as in managing its
energy output and carbon footprint. It is recognized for its seven star sustainability.
Nile Hotel, Egypt
The hotel is a 30 floor, 5-stars hotel located on Nile River beside Egyptian Museum and
near from Tahrir Square, to replace the burnt El Watany party headquarters previously.

The concept was established from the word „Threshold‟ meaning the magnitude or
intensity that exceeded based on a certain reaction, phenomenon, result, or condition to
occur or be manifested. The concept came from a tunnel that excavated from the tower
site to reach NILE, THRESHOLDS grown by NILE water through the tunnel to form the
building in its organic formation as the continuation of organic from the NILE, the
organic formation of nodes varied between the podium and the tower, so the nodes at
podium have low level while the other nodes go away to form the Towers.

Hilton Hotel, Ethiopia

The Hilton Hotel was built in the same year as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the
opposite side of the street. Both designs attempt to overcome the universalism of the
international style that was dominant especially on hotel and office architecture since
the late 1920s. The architects echoed elements of the historic architecture of the
Lalibela churches from Northern Ethiopia. The facades of the high-rise are
characterized by a single repetitive element that resembles the church windows from
Lalibela; a quite literal translation of their form into a pre-cast concrete element that
covers the balconies on the main fronts and the emergency stairs on the narrow ends
characterizes the hotel.
 1. Architectural Concept

The project site is adjacent to the road that connects Bahir Dar city and the existing
airport. The architectural concept has aimed at combining and blending a dynamic and
modern concept while showing of the best features of Bahir Dar city, just to name a few
the Tana Lake, The Abay River, the good climate the rich culture and so on.

The overall approach is to allow for an exclusive modern tourist oriented hotel facility
responding to the natural environment. Therefore to be consistent with this concept, the
ecological conditions of Bahir Dar city will be mimicked through the utilization of green
design as far as possible and practicable.

To achieve sustainable design goals and protect the environment, emphasis is laid on a
commitment to reduce resource demands using natural, ambient lighting and natural
ventilation systems and most of all solar energy.

All of the above aspects will integrate to bring the reality The “best first impression” that
the hotel aim to offer to its visitors as a representative of the city of Bahir Dar, even, of
Ethiopia as a whole,

Within this context, the hotel set-up comprises of a dominant rectangular shape building
of G+2 configuration and then the bed room floors above within which all the bedrooms
will be situated. This set-up has been selected due to the fact that the site possesses a
rectangular form which have direct road access from both the south and east
boundaries. Furthermore, the site being free, all the hotel activities should be distributed
all around.

The hotel accommodation facilities will offer different grades of hotel bedrooms to
respond to the needs of an essentially tourist-oriented market. As such, single bed
rooms, double bed rooms, family rooms and suite rooms will be available to answer for
a broad range of demand and taste.

2. ARCHITECTURAL PROJECT LAYOUT

The hotel project comprising of a dominant rectangular building on the lower floors and
the bed rooms above, will be allocated as follows:
The hotel will comprise of:
  All bedrooms will be located above the main lower building
 Public areas such as drop-off zone, arrival/entrance lobby, reception area, shops,
front of house offices
 Leisure areas including spa, fitness center, gym
 External areas embracing swimming pool, which is on the structure, including
kids‟ pool, kid‟s club, pool bar, etc.
 Food and Beverage areas: restaurants, bars, etc.
 Back-of-house services such as kitchen, pantry/linen, staff facilities
 Technical area encompassing sewage treatment plant, desalination plant,
garbage area, composting area, water storage reservoir etc.

3. DRIVEWAY ENTRANCE

The driveway entrance will lead onto a drop-off zone and entrance lobby which gives
access to the reception lounge. The driveway branches off from the existing junctions of
the two roads.
The driveway linked to the car parking area, will lead to the parking areas which will be
paved and properly landscaped with fully grown and mature trees.

3.1 Security

A security house will be located at the entry/exit way for the control of incoming and
outgoing cars, as well as to provide accommodation to the security guards who will be
present at the hotel site round the clock.

4. THE DOMINANT LOWER BUILDING

The dominant lower building which is expected to be a G+2 or more configuration will
encompass most of the amenities at the different levels, as explained below.

Basement Floor
The basement of the building will encompass the mechanical and electrical areas which
will include the control room, boilers, stores, spare parts, workshop, etc. and also the
main kitchen.
• Possibly Leisure areas including spa, fitness center,
 4.1 Ground Floor
The ground floor of the building will incorporate:

• Public areas, integrating arrival/entrance lobby, reception area, front-of-house offices,

shops, ball rooms, halls
• Possibly Leisure areas including spa, fitness center
• Food and Beverage areas: restaurants, bars, etc.

4.2 First Floor

The first floor of the building will encompass:
 The meeting hall of different sizes
 Food and Beverage areas: restaurants, bars, etc.
 Galleries, cultural centers etc.

4.3 Second Floor

 The swimming pool,
 The Public Terrace
 The roof garden
 Kids club
 Pool bar

5. PUBLIC AREAS

The public area building will welcome guests into a reception hall (lobby). As one enters
the reception lobby from the drop-off zone, the open, exposed structural elements of the
architecture adding up with the tin exposure of the pool above with the glass slabs will
allow for an unforgettable view.
After check-in at the reception counter, the guests will either proceed to either elevators
or staircases to their rooms.

At the hotel, guests will live and move through cool and inviting spaces situated in the
most exquisite natural surroundings, which will leave them with a lasting impression of a
comfortable and natural lifestyle of Bahir Dar City leaving them with enduring memory of
city.
5.1 Entrance Lobby/Reception

The entrance lobby, situated right next to the drop-off zone, will offer convenient,
attractive and controlled access for guests and visitors from the hotel approach parking
to the reception lounge and other public areas. It constitutes the entry point to the
hotel‟s public areas.
The reception area will constitute a pleasant and efficient registration area for guests,
providing keys, mail, information and cashier services. The reception desk staff confers
regularly with the front desk office staff about reservations and with the switchboard
operators for telephone messages. The reception area is provided with a hall for
general circulation, and for transit storage of group luggage before it is taken to the
respective allocated rooms.

5.2 Front Desk

The front desk offices will provide office space for processing hotel reservations, the
payment of guests‟ accounts, and other related front-office business. Telephone, fax,
telex, post office, mail services and photocopying services for the convenience of the
guests will be offered at the front-office desk and the adjoining offices.

6. FOOD & BEVERAGE AREAS

The food and beverage areas will include:

 Main Restaurant and Buffet
 Fine Dining Restaurant
 Cultural restaurant
 Specialty restaurant
 Pool bar
 6.1 Restaurant and Buffet
The dining restaurant located at the first floor of the Dominant building will offer
gracious, elegant and comfortable dining rooms
The main restaurant and terrace will be among the first choice spot to enjoy the breath-
catching view over the coastline.

6.2 Pool Bar

The pool bar, adjacent to the swimming pool and play pool, will provide a comfortable
and friendly area for the consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. It will
offer the facility of serving beverages either directly to the public or to visitors

As guests relax in their long chairs at the pool side, the hotel staff will serve them from
the pool bar and the main restaurant.

7. LEISURE AREAS

7.1 Spa
Set within the Quiet and peaceful environment, the spa will be a relaxing to the guests.
The spa has could be located towards the southern part to make use of the harsh sun
as an input for facilities that need heat, away from the public areas. The guests at the
spa will enjoy massage, sauna, steam bath and facilities.
7.2 Fitness Centre
A gym should be Included in the hotel design for guests wishing to keep fit.

7.3 Kid’s Club

A kid‟s club should be provided to allow parents to fully enjoy hotel leisure and premises
with peaceful mind as their children will be taken in charge by the staff at the kid‟s
corner.

8. HOTEL ROOMS

Bedrooms positioned at the upper floors above the dominant building will benefit breath-
catching view onto the Lake Tana.
The rooms will be accessed either using elevators or staircases.
8.1 Room Type
Four types of rooms will be proposed to the guests:
 Single bed rooms
 Double bed rooms
 Family rooms and
 Suite rooms
 8.1.1 Single and double bed rooms
Each standard room A and B will comprise of:
 Entry passage/lobby
 Bedroom equipped with double size bed
 TV/leisure area
 Bathroom comprising of Bathtub and toilet
8.1.2 Family Rooms
Each standard family room will comprise of:
 Entry lobby
 Master bedroom equipped with double size bed
 kid‟s bedroom equipped with 2 No single beds
 TV/leisure area
 Bathroom comprising of Bathtub and toilet

8.1.3 Suite Rooms

Each suite will comprise of:
 Entry lobby
 Suite master bedroom equipped with double size bed
 Suite kid‟s bedroom equipped with 2No single beds
 TV/leisure area
 Suite Bathroom comprising of Bathtub and toilet

8.2 Room Interior

The rooms, irrespective of the types, will be pleasing, functional, easily maintained, well-
ventilated and illuminated offering:
 LCD TV with remote control
 Mini bar
 Mini Safe
 Tea/coffee making set
 Telephone
 Key card door locking
The guest rooms will normally provide comfortable, functional and pleasant bedroom
living spaces for guests. They will be provided with good quality finishes, modern and
decorative furniture and accessories.

8.3 Façade Guest Room Blocks

The north elevation of the bedroom blocks shall be so designed as to create
architecturally appealing discontinuous falling water impression
 9. SERVICE AREAS

9.1 Service Area

The back of house area has been positioned at two levels, basement and utility floor will
comprise of:
 Linen/Laundry
 M&E workshops
 Hot water plant room
 MEP Engineering control room
 Engineering Stores
 Carpentry Workshop
 Kitchen
 Storerooms and Freezers
 Mess and Changing Room
 Garbage Area
 Delivery yard

9.2 Technical Area

The technical area should be positioned towards the eastern boundary of the site so
that it will be accessed from the road directly leading to a separate service route and
giving onto a service yard.
The technical yard will encompass:
(A) M& E Area: water storage, pump room, transformer room, generator, etc.
(B) Septic tank
(C) Composting Area

9.3 Septic tank and composting Area

These areas will be located within the technical yard, away from the public areas and
the bedrooms.
9.4 Components at Service Area
The service areas will comprise of the following:
Kitchen
For the preparation, cooking and distribution of food and beverages to the public eating
places and by room service to the guest rooms, and for dish washing. The kitchen will
also include a place for the prospective preparation of all pastries and baking of bread
and rolls.
The kitchen, being the “heart and lung” of the catering Services, has been placed close
to the restaurant and at the same level.
 Storeroom and Freezers
To provide secure storage of all food and beverage distributed in the hotel.
All food and beverage deliveries are checked and weighed at the off-loading area
before they are moved to the storeroom where they are kept either on steel shelving in
open racks or in boxes in the bulk storage area, or in cold storage in the refrigerators or
freezers.
The dry/cold food store will be located adjacent to the kitchen/cooking area
thereby ensuring a good functioning of supplies from the store to the kitchen. Liquor and
lines are kept in a separate locked cool storeroom, all within the dry/cold food store.
Service Yard
This provides space for delivery Lorries to manoeuver for the purpose of supplying
deliveries to the hotel.
The functional planning has duly provided for easy access from the off-loading zone to
the Store room and Freezers.

House Keeping & Linen (Laundry)

It will be where laundry and cleaning services for the hotel and guests are provided.
Soiled linen from all food and beverage outlets is collected in carts and wheeled to the
laundry/linen area. Guestroom linen collected and sorted at the pantry/linen situated
towards the back of guest room blocks will be there after directed to the laundry.

On request, guest laundry is placed in bags in the room and collected by the
housekeeping staff and carried to the pantry/linen room.
In the pantry/linen room, linen and clothes are sorted into groups for different washing
or cleaning treatments, and guests‟ laundry labeled.
Changing Rooms
The changing room will offer a place for changing and storing of staff belongings, in
personalized lockers.
Bins and Receptacles
All solid wastes gathered from the restaurant, guest rooms, and other service areas will
be conveyed to the bins located in the service yard for easy collection by garbage
lorries.
Technical Area
This will be where all the pumps, electrical mains, generator, etc. have been located to
facilitate control, monitoring, checking in case of breakdown and repair. All items of
equipment have been regrouped in one central area for efficient management.

9.5 Staff Facilities

At the staff facilities the employees will be provided with self- managed canteen facilities
and restrooms, to allow them to rest in between shifts and service. The restrooms will
be provided with change rooms, showers, lockers and toilets.

9.6 Laundry Area

The laundry including linen storage, stock storage, sewing, lost & found, guest laundry,
dry cleaners area, uniform issue/storage, detergent store and cleaning services for the
hotel and guests will be located within the basement of the service area.
The laundry room will also offer a place for storing, maintaining and issuing all supplies
of clean hotel linen, uniforms, and cleaning materials. Clean hotel laundry will be stored
on shelves and distributed from the laundry storeroom.

9.7 Maintenance Area

At the maintenance workshop, daily repairs of broken appliances and furniture will be
carried out. Furthermore, this area will be used for storing maintenance materials, small
tools and equipment.

10. MECHANICAL /ELECTRICAL AREA

The M&E area could be located within the basement of the main building or on the utility
floor and within the technical area situated towards the eastern tip of the site.

These service/technical areas have been provided for the housing of the equipment that
provides major mechanical services to the hotel.

The mechanical/electrical room encompassing items of equipment such as

transformers, generators, control panels etc. will be located remote from the guestroom
areas.

The mechanical room will be provided with large enough exterior doors to allow
replacement of equipment, such as boiler tubes and plant units. By virtue of their
location within the technical area (Annex 4B refers), noise-producing machinery will thus
not be located directly above, under or next to guestrooms.

For fire protection purposes, recessed metal cabinets for fire hoses and fire
extinguishers will be provided, as well as fire alarms and the appropriate exit signs.

The mechanical units, which are normally required for hotel operations are: boilers,
chillers, pumps, heat exchangers, air handling units, air supply and exhaust fans,
compressors, storage tanks, automatic control equipment, meters and gauges. All these
units will be enclosed within the technical /electrical building which is remote from the
guestroom blocks.

11. PARKING AREA

The size of the parking bay and the allocation of the parking lots are validated as
highlighted below:
 1 parking bay for every 3 No rooms
 Dining Area with 1 parking bay per 30m2
 Shops with 1 parking bay per 30m2
 Administrative offices
 Other
The parking area will be split so that to share the access from the roads, through the
security post, leading to the car parks has been properly landscaped with fully grown
and mature trees for proper shade and visual impact.
Each parking lot will be 5.0 meters by 3 meters.
This parking area is so situated as to be within easy reach and short walking distance
from the reception building, close to the main entrance.

12. AESTHETIC AND ENVIRONMENT

The beauty of the hotel will rely on the landscaping elements together with the routing of
path ways and accesses which are required to structure the whole design. Plus the
distinct and eye catching form and façade of the building will make it hard to just pass
by.

The main aim is to create a landscape which will not only meet all the requirements of a
hotel, fit in and enhance the existing characters of the various spaces in the city, and
add to the aesthetics of the development but also be as sustainable as possible.

13. EXTERIOR AREAS

The parking area will provide a convenient, attractive and functional access for guests
and visitors from the parking lot to the reception area. The parking area will be provided
with beautifully shaped lampposts which will produce an attractive atmosphere to the
guests and visitors. Parking spaces will be provided for guests cars, with adequate
drainage for all parking lots.
The drainage network will be made to discharge into adequately sized soak ways.
The landscape design will be such as to make the views from the guests‟ rooms onto
the open green top view as attractive as possible.

The landscape design will take into account, and make full use of, the existing features
of the site topography with a view to providing the hotel guests with adequate open
natural spaces for rest and relaxation.
Main programs list of a hotel
Program Area m2
Parking 5000
Hall 150
Service utilities 980
Cleaning and laundry services 375
Building management section 75
Reception and lobby 937
Hospitality areas(food & drinks outlets) 1950
Swimming 2000
Retail spaces 1120
Kitchen and ancillary services 450
Hotel related facilities 685
Conditioning and fitness center 600
Indoor game zone 600
Hotel bed room services 200
Administration 200-400
Hotel accommodation
Meeting and conference hall 1000