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TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 1: RANDOM VARIABLES (RV)
TOPIC: RANDOM VARIABLES
1. Identify whether the following statement is a random variable or not:
i) The number of faulty sensors detected during an automated inspection process
ii)The resistance value of a carbon film resistor measured under the same temperature
iii)
The output voltage from a solar panel at different times of the day
iv)The results of a mathematical formula calculation when varies the variables in the
formula
v) The calculated total impedance of a circuit when frequency is kept constant
2. Identify the following variables whether it is a discrete or continuous random variable:
i) The number of faulty parts in a production batch
ii) The number of data packets lost during a wireless transmission
iii) The voltage level at an input port of an interface socket
iv) The number of broken push button switch in a manufactured microcontroller board
v) The current value that a copper wire can support in an electronic board
vi) The temperature value that can be detected by a sensor
TOPIC: DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLES
3. Show that the distribution in Table 3 is a probability distribution function. Then find:
Table 3
X -1 0 1 2 3
P(X=x) 1/8 2/8 2/8 2/8 1/8
i) P(X<2)
ii) P(X>2)
iii) P(X≤1)
4. State whether the function defined below is a probability function:
2𝑥
𝑃(𝑥) = 25 , 𝑥 = 1,2,3,4,5
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
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5. Let f(x) is probability distribution function of X with:
2𝑥 + 1
𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑥 = 0,1,2,3,4
25
Find:
i) P(X=3)
ii) P(X≤2)
iii) P(1<X<4)
6. Let P(X=x) probability distribution function of X as shown in Table 6. Find the cumulative
distribution function (CDF) of X.
Table 6
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
P(X=x) 0.09 0.12 0.22 0.24 0.14 0.19
7. A discrete random variable has a probability distribution as follows.
x 1 2 r 10 15
P(X=x) 2t t 3t 3t t
(a) Find the value of t
(b) Find the value of r if the expected value is 6.7
(c) Find the cumulative distribution function, F(x).
8. Let f(x) is probability distribution function of X:
6
𝑓(𝑥) = 77𝑐𝑥 , 𝑥 = 2,3,4,5
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Find:
i) the value of c
ii) CDF of X
9. Let the probability distribution function of X be defined by:
3
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑎 , 𝑥 = 0,1,2,3
4
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
i) Find the value of a.
ii) Find P(-1≤X<4).
iii) Calculate the mean and variance.
iv) Find the value of E(2X-11) and Var(3X+3).
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TOPIC: CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLES
10. The continuous random variable X has the probability distribution function:
2𝑐, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑐(2𝑥 − 3), 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Find:
i) The value of c
ii) P (X<1)
iii) P (2.5<X<3)
11. Let the probability density function of X be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = where –c<x<c.
i) Calculate the value of c so that f(x) is a probability distribution function.
ii) Find the cumulative distribution function, F(x).
12. Given the probability density function
𝑘𝑥 , 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
𝑓(𝑥) =
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
i) Find the value of k.
ii) Find the cumulative distribution function of X.
iii) Find P(X≥2)
iv) P(0≤X<3)
13. A continuous random variable Y has a probability density function as below:
0.2 , −1<𝑦 ≤0
𝑓(𝑦) = 0.2 + 𝑐𝑦 ,0 < 𝑦 ≤ 1
0 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑠
(a) Show that value of c is 1.2.
(b) Obtain the cumulative distribution function of Y.
(c) Calculate P(0≤Y≤0.5).
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14. Consider the pdf
𝑐(2𝑥 − 𝑥 ), 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑓(𝑥) =
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
(a) Find the value of c
(b) Obtain the cumulative distribution function ,F(x).
(c) Calculate P(X≤0.5).
(d) Calculate P(X>0.75).
(e) Calculate P(0.5 ≤ X ≤ 1.5)
15. A random variable X has a probability density function f as follows.
𝑎−5+𝑥 , 5≤𝑥≤6
𝑓(𝑥) =
0 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
(a) Show that a=1/2
(b) Find P(X>5.7)
16. Let y be a continuous random variable with the following probability density function
cy 0≤y≤2
f(y)=
0 others
(a) Determine the value of c.
(b) Evaluate the cumulative distribution function of 𝑌, F(y).
(c) Determine the probability of P(1≤y≤2) based on the calculated F(y) in (b)
(d) Calculate the expected value and Var of 𝑌
– End of Tutorial Questions –