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Bohr Model of the Atom Explained

The Bohr Model, proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913, describes electrons orbiting the nucleus in specific circular paths with fixed energy levels. Electrons can jump between these energy levels, transitioning from a ground state to an excited state by absorbing energy, and releasing energy as a photon when returning to a lower energy level. However, the model has limitations, as it primarily applies to hydrogen and does not account for the fine structure of line spectra in multi-electron atoms.

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9 views12 pages

Bohr Model of the Atom Explained

The Bohr Model, proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913, describes electrons orbiting the nucleus in specific circular paths with fixed energy levels. Electrons can jump between these energy levels, transitioning from a ground state to an excited state by absorbing energy, and releasing energy as a photon when returning to a lower energy level. However, the model has limitations, as it primarily applies to hydrogen and does not account for the fine structure of line spectra in multi-electron atoms.

Uploaded by

madisonmckeavin
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bohrs model

Dr. Sonawane
Models of the Atom Review

e
e + +
e -
e
+ + -
+e e
+ e - +

- -
e
+ e + e

Dalton’s model
Greek model Thomson’s plum-pudding Rutherford’s model
(400
(1803)
B.C.) model (1897) (1909)

Bohr’s model Charge-cloud model


(1913) (present)

Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 125
The Bohr Model of the Atom
I pictured the
electrons orbiting
the nucleus much
like planets
orbiting the sun.
However, electrons
are found in
specific circular
paths around the
nucleus, and can
jump from one
Niels Bohr level to another.
The Bohr Model
•Niels Bohr studied the hydrogen
atom because it was the most
simplistic.
•Bohr proposed that an electron is
found only in specific circular
paths, or orbits, around the
nucleus.
•Each possible electron orbit in
Bohr’s model has a fixed energy.
The fixed energies an electron
can have are called energy levels.
Ground State vs. Excited State
•ground state: all electrons in lowest
possible energy levels
•excited state: an electron that has
absorbed energy and moved to a
higher energy level
This is a temporary state!!
The Bohr Model

• The energy levels get closer together as you


move farther from the nucleus.
• The energy levels also get higher in energy
as you move farther from the nucleus.
Electrons Jump
•Electrons can jump from
one energy level to
another.
•A quantum of energy is
the amount of energy
required to move an
electron from one energy
level to another.
Electrons Jump
• An electron must gain energy to jump to a
higher energy level.
• When an electron has jumped to a higher
energy level, it is in an excited state.
• An electron must lose energy to fall to a
lower energy level.
• When an electron is at the lowest energy
level possible, it is at ground state.
Niels Bohr

Explanation of Line Spectra &


Equation
Niels Bohr

•Energy of an
electron is
quantized: can
only have specific
values.
•Energy
proportional to
energy level.
Explanation of Line Spectra
Electron will drop from excited
state to ground state and will
emit energy as a photon.
Explanation of Line Spectra
•Type of photon emitted by electron
depends on energy difference of energy
levels
Elevel = h = hc/

(h: Planck’s constant, 6.626 x 10-34 J


sec/photon)
Flaw in Bohr’s Model

Only works well for 1 electron species (H


atom).

Does not explain fine structure of line


spectra.

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