Chemistry 12 Unit #1 Study Guide Name:
Date: Period:
REACTION KINETICS
References: Chemistry 12 A Workbook for Students, Unit 1 Reaction Kinetics, p
1-36
Demonstrate awareness that reactions occur at differing rates
Give examples of reactions proceeding at different rates
Recognize that rate is described in terms of some quantity (produced or
consumed)
per unit of time
Experimentally determine rate of a reaction
Identify properties that could be monitored in order to determine a reaction rate
Recognize some of the factors that control reaction rates
Compare and contrast factors affecting the rates of both homogeneous and
heterogeneous reactions
Describe situations in which the rate of reaction must be controlled
Calculate the rate of a reaction using experimental data
Demonstrate knowledge of collision theory
Identify the following principles as aspects of collision theory:
– Reactions are the result of collisions between reactant particles
– Not all collisions are successful
- Sufficient kinetic energy (KE) and favourable geometry are required
- To increase the rate of a reaction, one must increase the frequency of
successful
collisions
– Energy changes are involved in reactions as bonds are broken and formed
- A KE distribution curve can explain how changing temperature or adding a
catalyst
changes the rate
Describe the energies associated with reactants becoming products
Describe the activated complex in terms of its potential energy (PE), stability,
and
structure
Define activation energy
Correctly describe the relationship between activation energy and rate of
reaction
Describe the changes in KE and PE as reactant molecules approach each other
Draw and label PE diagrams for both exothermic and endothermic reactions,
including
H, activation energy, and the energy of the activated complex
Relate the sign of H to whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic
Write chemical equations that describe energy effects in two ways:
– A chemical equation that includes the energy term (thermochemical equation)
– A chemical equation using H notation
Apply collision theory to explain how reaction rates can be changed
Use collision theory to explain the effect of the following factors on reaction rate:
– Nature of reactants
– Concentration
- Temperature
- Surface area
Analyze the reaction mechanism for a reacting system
Explain why most reactions involve more than one step
Describe a reaction mechanism as the series of steps (collisions) that result in
the
overall reaction and describe the role of the rate-determining step
Explain the significance and role of a catalyst
Identify reactant, product, reaction intermediate, activated complex, and
catalyst
from a given reaction mechanism
Graph the energy changes associated with catalyzed and uncatalyzed
reactions
Compare the PE diagrams for a catalyzed and uncatalyzed reaction in terms of
– Reactants
– Products
– Activated complex
– Reaction intermediates
– Reaction mechanism
– H
- Activation energy
Describe the uses of specific catalysts in a variety of situations
Analyze reactions and describe the effect of the catalyst involved, such as
- Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (catalysts: MnO 2, raw liver, raw potato)
- The reaction of the oxalate ion with acidified KMnO 4 solution (catalyst: Mn2+)
- The decomposition of bleach (catalyst: cobalt (II) chloride)
- Automobile catalytic converters (catalyst: platinum)