CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM HEART
• Your heart will beat about 115,000 times each day.
• The cardiovascular system delivers oxygen and
• Heart pumps about 2,000 gallons of blood every
nutrients to the body tissues and carries away wastes
day.
such as carbon dioxide via blood.
• An electrical system controls the rhythm of your
heart. It’s called the cardiac conduction system.
TWO BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
• Pulmonary Circulation
• works by circulating the oxygen-poor blood
between the heart and the lungs so that the
oxygen-poor blood can become oxygenated,
removing carbon dioxide in the process.
• Systemic Circulation
• works by carrying the oxygen-rich blood and
transports it to the organs, tissues and cells
throughout the body.
CARDIAC CYCLE
• Refers to the events of one complete heartbeat, during
which both atria and ventricles contract and then relax.
Five periods of Cardiac cycle
1. Atrial diastole
COMPONENTS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 2. Atrial systole
• The heart: 3. Isovolumetric contraction
• A muscular pump that forces blood 4. Ventricular systole
around the body. 5. Isovolumetric relaxation
• A closed system of blood vessels:
• These vessels include:
• Arteries: Vessels that carry
blood away from the heart.
• Veins: Vessels that bring blood
back to the heart.
• Capillaries: Tiny vessels that
branch off from arteries to deliver
blood to all body tissues
• Blood
• Transports substances such as oxygen
and nutrients throughout the body and
participates in processes such as clotting
and fighting infections.
BLOOD VESSELS ● Sinusoid Capillaries = Rarest type of capillaries.
Allows for large molecules to pass through. Also
called Discontinuous Capillaries.
● Fenestrated Capillaries = Found in areas that
require a lot of exchange between your blood and
tissues. Allows for both large and small
substances to pass through.
PULSE
• The pulse is the alternating expansion and recoil
of a blood vessel wall that occurs as the heart
beats.
Arteries Veins Capillaries
Function Transport blood Transport Carries blood to
from heart to blood from organ where gas
organ organ to heart exchange occurs
Thickness Thick Thin Very thin
of wall
Elasticity Elastic Less elastic Inelastic
Size of Narrow lumen Large lumen Very narrow
Lumen lumen
Valve No valve Valves No valves
Pressure Very high Very low low
of blood
Types of Arteries
• Elastic Arteries = Has a thick middle layer so they
can stretch in response to each pulse of the heart.
Also called Conducting Arteries or Conduiting Blood Pressure
Arteries. • Blood pressure is the pressure that blood exerts
• Muscular Arteries = Draws blood from elastic on the walls of the blood vessels.
arteries to branch into resistance vessels. • It is the force that causes blood to flow down its
• Arterioles = Smallest division of arteries. Works pressure gradient in the blood vessels.
with the Capillaries to transport blood to them BLOOD
directly. • Blood is composed of a nonliving fluid matrix
Types of Veins (plasma) and formed elements.
● Pulmonary Veins = Transport bloods that’s been • Blood transports substances such as oxygen and
filled with oxygen by the lungs then transports it nutrients throughout the body and participates in
directly back to the heart. processes such as clotting and fighting infections.
● Systemic Veins = Located throughout the body • Normal adult blood volume is 5 to 6 liters.
from the legs up to the neck, including the arms COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
and trunk. • Plasma - a nonliving fluid matrix.
● Venules = A very small vein, it collects blood back • Erythrocytes or RBC - the formed elements that
after the capillary is done distributing it. function in oxygen transport.
Types of Capillaries • Leukocytes or WBC - act in various ways to
● Continuous Capillaries = Most common type of protect the body
capillaries. Contains small gaps that allows for • Thrombocytes or Platelets - cell fragments that
small substances/molecules to pass through. help stop bleeding.
Composition of Blood RH Blood group
1. Plasma (55%)
• The rhesus factor, or Rh factor, is a protein that may
a. Water
be present on the surface of red blood cells
b. Salts
c. Plasma Proteins • Originally identified in Rhesus Monkey
d. Substances transported by blood
2. Formed Elements • Consisted of 49 defined blood group antigens
a. Erythrocytes • Rh(D) status of an individual is normally described with
b. Leukocytes a positive (+) or negative (−) suffix after the ABO type
c. Thrombocytes
HUMAN BLOOD GROUP
• An antigen is a substance that the body recognizes as Risk
Mother Father Fetus
foreign; it stimulates the immune system to mount a level
defense against it. Rh+ Rh+ Rh+ None
• The “recognizers” are antibodies present in plasma Rh- Rh- Rh- None
that attach to RBCs bearing surface antigens different Could
from those on the patient’s (recipient’s) RBCs. Rh+ Rh- be None
either
Blood that Could
Blood RBC Plasma
can be
Group Antigen Antibodies Rh- Rh+ be High
received
either
A, B, O, AB
AB A, B None (Univ
Recipient) CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
B B Anti-A B, O
A A Anti-B A, O CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Anti-A O
• It happens when a development of fatty elements in the
O None (Univ
Anti-B
Donor) heart failure channels blocks the ancestry flow to our
heart influence
PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE
• This happens when arteries in our limbs get
blocked, most commonly on the legs
HEART DISEASES
AORTIC DISEASES
HEART ATTACK AND STROKE
It’s where the aorta’s wall is weakening and widening. Pain in
the chest, back, or abdomen may occur • In most cases, it is an acute event, mainly caused
by a blockage that prevents blood from flowing to
the heart or brain. In strokes, it can be caused by
bleeding from a blood vessel in the brain or from
blood clots