[Link] figure of the functions cos 𝑥 , sin 𝑥 ,tan 𝑥 and add a legend.
Solution:-
Input:-
x = -pi:1:pi;
figure(1);
plot(x, cos(x), 'r', x, sin(x), 'b', x, tan(x),
'g');
legend('cos(x)', 'sin(x)', 'tan(x)');
title('Trigonometric Functions');
xlabel('x'); ylabel('Function value');
grid on;
Output:-
2. Plot the figure of the functions
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2-5x+6 & g(x)=x2+5x+6.
Solution:-
Input:-
x = -10:1:10;
f = x.^2 - 5*x + 6;
g = x.^2 + 5*x + 6;
figure(2);
plot(x,f,'r',x,g,'b');
legend('f(x)=x^2-5x+6','g(x)=x^2+5x+6');
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y');
title('Two Quadratic Functions');
grid on;
Output:-
𝟐 −𝟐 −𝟒
3. Show that the matrix 𝐴 is idempotent where 𝑨 = [−𝟏 𝟑 𝟒]
𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟑
Solution:-
Input:-
A = [2 -2 -4; -1 3 4; 1 -2 -3];
A2 = A*A;
disp('Matrix A^2 = ');
disp(A2);
if isequal(A2, A)
disp('A is idempotent.');
else
disp('A is NOT idempotent.');
end.
Output:-
Matrix A^2 =
2 -2 -4
-1 3 4
1 -2 -3
A is idempotent
𝟎 −𝟒 𝟐
4. Verify whether the matrix 𝐵 is nilpotent or not where 𝑩 = [𝟎 𝟎 𝟒].
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
Solution:-
Input:-
B = [0 -4 2; 0 0 4; 0 0 0];
B2 = B*B;
B3 = B*B*B;
disp('B^2 = '); disp(B2);
disp('B^3 = '); disp(B3);
if B3 == zeros(3)
disp('B is nilpotent.');
else
disp('B is NOT nilpotent.');
end
Output:-
B^2 =
0 0 -16
0 0 0
0 0 0
B^3 =
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
B is nilpotent
𝟐 −𝟐 −𝟒
5. Find the determinant of the matrix 𝐴2 + 5𝐴 − 7𝐼 where 𝑨 = [𝟏 −𝟑 𝟒 ].
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟓
Solution:-
Input:-
A = [2 -2 -4; 1 -3 4; 1 -2 5];
I = eye(3);
M = A^2 + 5*A - 7*I;
detM = det(M);
disp(['Determinant of (A^2 + 5A - 7I) = ', num2str(detM)]);
Output:-
Determinant of (A^2 + 5A - 7I) = -6041
6. Find the roots of the equations 𝑥2 − 6𝑥 − 1
= 0 and 𝑥 − 5 = 0. Also, plot the figures
with different colors, and make legends.
Solution:-
Input:-
r1 = roots([1 ,-6 ,-1]); % x^2 -6x -1 =0
r2 = roots([1 ,-5]); % x -5 = 0
disp('Roots of x^2 -6x -1 = 0'); disp(r1);
disp('Root of x -5 = 0'); disp(r2);
x = -2:1:8;
y1 = x.^2 -6*x -1;
y2 = x -5;
figure(3);
plot(x,y1,'r',x,y2,'b');
legend('x^2-6x-1','x-5');
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y');
title('Roots Visualization');
grid on;
Output:-
Roots of x^2 -6x -1 = 0
-0.1623
6.1623
Root of x -5 = 0
5
7. Solve the following system of linear equations
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧=6
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 14
4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 24
Solution:-
Input:-
A = [1 1 1; 2 -1 3; 4 3 2];
b = [6;14;24];
sol = A\b;
disp('Solution of system :');
disp(['x = ', num2str(sol(1)), ', y = ', num2str(sol(2)), ', z = ', num2str(sol(3))]);
Output:-
Solution of system :
x = 6.2857, y = -0.57143, z = 0.28571
8. Solve the following system of linear equations
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧=9
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 16
4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 28
Solution:-
Input:-
A = [1 1 1; 2 -1 3; 4 3 1];
b = [9;16;28];
sol2 = A\b;
disp('Solution of system :');
disp(['x = ', num2str(sol2(1)), ', y = ', num2str(sol2(2)), ', z = ', num2str(sol2(3))]);
Output:-
Solution of system :
x = 5.4, y = 1.4, z = 2.2
9. Find the roots of the equation cos(𝑥) = 𝑥2− 1. Also, plot the figures with different
colors, and make legends.
Solution:-
Input:-
x = -2:0.01:2;
y1 = cos(x);
y2 = x.^2 - 1;
figure(4);
plot(x,y1,'r',x,y2,'b');
legend('cos(x)','x^2-1');
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y');
title('Equation: cos(x)=x^2-1');
grid on;
Output:-
10. Find local maxima or minima of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥3 − 3𝑥2− 12𝑥 + 5.
Solution:-
Input:-
syms x;
f = 2*x^3 - 3*x^2 - 12*x + 5;
df = diff(f);
crit_points = solve(df==0);
d2f = diff(df);
disp('Critical points for f(x)=2x^3-3x^2-12x+5:');
for i=1:length(crit_points)
test = subs(d2f, x, crit_points(i));
f_value = subs(f, x, crit_points(i));
if test < 0
disp(['Local maximum at x = ', char(crit_points(i)), ...
', f(x) = ', char(f_value)]);
else
disp(['Local minimum at x = ', char(crit_points(i)), ...
', f(x) = ', char(f_value)]);
end
end
Output:-
Critical points for f(x)=2x^3-3x^2-12x+5:
Local minimum at x = 2, f(x) = -15
Local maximum at x = -1, f(x) = 12
11. Find the local maxima and minima of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥³ − 6𝑥² + 9𝑥 + 1.
Solution:-
Input:-
syms x;
f = x^3 - 6*x^2 + 9*x + 1;
df = diff(f);
crit_points = solve(df==0);
d2f = diff(df);
for i=1:length(crit_points)
test = subs(d2f, x, crit_points(i));
f_value = subs(f, x, crit_points(i));
if test < 0
disp(['Local maximum at x = ', char(crit_points(i)), ',f(x) = ', char(f_value)]);
else
disp(['Local minimum at x = ', char(crit_points(i)), ', f(x) = ', char(f_value)]);
end
end
Output:-
Local maximum at x = 1,f(x) = 5
Local minimum at x = 3, f(x) = 1
∞ 𝟐 𝟏
12. Evaluate (i) ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒙 (𝒍𝒏 𝒙)𝟐 𝒅𝒙 (ii) ∫−𝟏(𝒙𝟑 − 𝟗𝒙)𝒅𝒙 .
Solution:-
Input:-
syms x;
I1 = int(exp(-x^2)*(log(x))^2, 0, inf);
I2 = int(x^3 - 9*x, -1, 1);
disp('Integral (i) e^(-x^2)(lnx)^2 dx from 0 to infinity = ');
disp(vpa(I1));
disp('Integral (ii) (x^3 -9x)dx from -1 to 1 = ');
disp(vpa(I2));
Output:-
Integral (i) e^(-x^2)(lnx)^2 dx from 0 to infinity =
1.9475221803007815975843164106279
Integral (ii) (x^3 -9x)dx from -1 to 1 =
0.0
13. 13. Find the area bounded by 𝑦2 = 4𝑥 and 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1.
Solution:-
Input:-
14. Bisection Method to solve 𝑥2− 5𝑥 + 6 = 0.
Solution:-
Input:-
f = @(x) x.^2 - 5*x + 6;
a = 0; b = 5; tol = 1e-5;
while (b-a)/2 > tol
c = (a+b)/2;
if f(c)==0
break;
elseif f(a)*f(c)<0
b=c;
else
a=c;
end
end
root_bis = (a+b)/2;
disp(['Root by Bisection Method = ', num2str(root_bis)]);
Output:-
Root by Bisection Method = 2
15. False Position Method to solve 2𝑒x sin 𝑥 = 3.
Solution:-
Input:-
f = @(x) 2*exp(x).*sin(x) - 3;
a = 0; b = 1; tol = 1e-5; fa = f(a); fb = f(b);
if fa*fb>0
disp('Choose another interval for False Position method.');
else
while abs(b-a)>tol
c = (a*fb - b*fa)/(fb - fa);
fc = f(c);
if fc==0, break; end
if fa*fc<0
b=c; fb=fc;
else
a=c; fa=fc;
end
end
root_fp = c;
disp(['Root by False Position Method = ', num2str(root_fp)]);
end
Output:-
Root by False Position Method = 0.76886