Science Topic 1-Fluids
#I
State of Diagram of
of Examples
Matter
particles in Description particles in phase
phase
Particles in solids
·
rigid o cannot be squashed ·
are close together
8 · fixed shape o little free space ice
· cannot move freely
can only vibrate
&
·
ofixed volume don't flow from each other
apart
o
· not true fluids
· particlesvibrateinplace Particles in liquid
-
slide
can
past each other · have enough energy since liquid molecues can
to
pull each other away move , they take the shape
· no fixed shape o flows to lowest possible level water
·
slide around each other of container
· little free space o takes shape of the container
the same time
(vibrating at
· fixed volume when occupied
Particles in
gases
o not rigid o assume the shape and volume of
· each of the particles
oparticles will spread are well separated,
Gas · no fixed shape the container
oxygen indefinitely unless
confined
resulting in low density
·
no fixed volume o
particles can move past each (compact)
Igases appear invisible
o if confined it will
· can be squashed other ,
because of much
so
of container
take shape
space)
·
because gas particles
Definition
have enough energy to
Fluid (n ) : A substance that
continually moves and changes shape (flows) under pressure.
attractive
.
overcome
All liquids & gases are fluids forces
Particle Model of Matter
1) All substances 2) All
are made out of
particles in a
pure substance
tiny particles are the same
3) These particles have spaces between 4) These particles are
always in motion
them -
vibrate slide
, , fly from place to place
5) The speed of the particles is relative to 6) The particles in a substance are
the
temperature within the substance attracted to one another
of state occurs when the
A
change
particles of substance gain lose
a or
energy
States of Matter
pure substance hetrogeneous homogeneous
e .
.
g gold
iron ,
. e .
. chocolate
g e .
. water with
g
carbon sulphur .
chip cookie , Soda food
coloring.
Celements) with ice beach , coffee blood ,
e .
g. water. table
Plasma : The most common state of matter exists in fluid state salt sugar ,
A gaslike mixture of positively& negatively charged (compound)
particles that can conduct electricity
Glowing plasmas occur naturally in stars such as the
Sun & lightning
ALL MATTER
substance
pure
· contain only 1 kind of particle
a
compound substance made of 2 or more different chemical elements combined in a fixed ratio
homogeneous (solution) aka same :
m blended evenly so that I set of is visible
property
·
* no
settling
Y Lheterogeneous (mechanical mixture) aka : diff
e
the mixtures are visible
· the materials making up
& contains 2 or more
pure substances
-
Difference between a
pure substance and a mixture -
Difference between an element and a compound
pure substances are only made out of 1 type of particle element & compounds are both pure substances
while mixtures are made up of 2 or more types of the difference between them is the element cannot
particles be further broken down but compounds can , since
they are made out of 2 or more elements
Solution & Solubility
Dissolving forming : a solution by mixing 2 or more materials
Solute Dissolves in the solvent
: aka solid
= SOLUTION
Solvent : The substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution aka liquid
The
speed at which the solute dissolve in a solvent is called the rate of dissolving can be increased by agitating,
temperature and surface area of solute ,
*
increase the attraction
between the molecules and
the solute
Solubility : refers to the amount of a substance that can dissolve in a
given amount of soulvent to form
a saturated solution
Types of Solutions
Unsaturated :
a solution that contains less solute than the maximum
amount that can dissolve at a
given temperature
and pressure More solute added can still be
.
.
dissolved
Saturated :
a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute
that can dissolve in a solvent at a
Specific
temperature and pressure. Any additional solute added
will remain as solid
Super Saturated :
a solution that contains more solute than it can dissolve
at a given temperature and pressure. It is acheived by
heating up the temperature and slowly cool the solution .
The solution can dissolve temporarily but can crystalize
if disturbed or seeded with a small crystal.
Insoluble is when a solute can not be dissolved