Vocabulary:

Student’s book: Unit 1 Australian culture and culture shock

Seek out – to search carefully and actively
Status – level
Hence – result of something
As a consequence – as a result
Perceive – to become aware of, notice or understand
Notion – idea
Firmly – strong, confident or confident way
Arrival – the act of coming to a place
Intrigued – strong interest, curiosity
Novelty – the quality of being new
Newcomer – a person who has recently arrived
Inevitable – capable of being inverted
Initial – happening at the beginning
Fortunately – lucky happened
Disorientation – a state of confusion
Culture shock – A feeling of confusion and discomfort caused by being in a different
culture.

Discomfort – A state of slight pain, unease, or distress.

Independence – The ability to do things on your own without relying on

others.

Personal choice – The freedom to make decisions according to one's own

preferences.

Option – A possible choice or alternative.

Circumstances – The conditions or facts that affect a situation.

Seek out – To look for something actively and intentionally.

Support – Help or assistance given to someone.

Range – A variety of different things of the same general type.

Opinions – Personal views or beliefs about something.

Evidence – Information that shows something is true or valid.

Status – A person's social or professional position.

Equality – The state of being equal in rights and opportunities.

Idealise – To view something as perfect or better than it really is.

Leisure – Free time when you are not working.

Privacy – The state of being free from unwanted attention.

Volunteer (information) – To offer information freely without being asked.

Resent – To feel angry or annoyed about something unfair.

Impolite – Not showing good manners or respect.

Euphoria – A feeling of great happiness or excitement.

Novelty – The quality of being new, different, or unusual.

Letdown – A disappointment or something less good than expected.

Irritation – A feeling of being annoyed or impatient.

Frustration – A feeling of anger or annoyance due to being unable to do

something.

Withdrawal – The act of pulling back or not participating.

Adapt – To become used to a new environment or situation.

Reorientation – A change in focus or direction, often involving learning.

Optimistic – Hopeful and confident about the future.

Subtle – Not obvious, delicate, or difficult to detect.

Disorientation – A state of confusion about where you are or what to do.

Student’s book: Unit 2 Organic food: Why?

Organic – produced without synthetic chemicals or artificial methods
Pesticides – chemicals used to kill insects or other pests harmful to crops
Artificial – made by humans, not occurring naturally
Approach – a way of doing or thinking about something
Fertilisers – substances added to soil to help plants grow
Crop rotation – changing the type of crop grown in an area to preserve soil
quality
Inefficient – not producing desired results without wasting resources
Carbon dioxide – a gas produced by burning and respiration, linked to
climate change
Transporting – moving goods or people from one place to another
Statistically – relating to the use of numerical data
Significant – important or meaningful in effect
Nutritious – containing substances necessary for health and growth
Misleading – giving the wrong idea or impression
Variety – a specific type or kind within a group
Traits – characteristics or qualities
Toxins – poisonous substances
Carcinogens – substances that can cause cancer
Additives – substances added to food to improve flavor or shelf life
GM crops – genetically modified plants
Symptoms – visible signs of a condition or reaction
Ethics – moral principles that govern behavior
Technology – application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes
Obsession – intense focus or fixation on something
Irrelevant – not related or important in a situation
Luxury – something expensive or not essential
Yields – the amount of something produced, like crops
Breeding – selecting and producing plants or animals with desired traits
Man-made – created by people, not natural
Advanced – highly developed or complex
Developing – referring to countries with lower economic and technological
progress
Disaster – a sudden and severe problem causing damage or hardship

Student’s book: Unit 3

Advertisement – a public message promoting a product, service, or idea
Express – to communicate thoughts or feelings through words or actions
Assume – to believe something without proof
Imitate – to copy someone's behavior or speech
Dominated – controlled or had power over something
Acquisition – the process of gaining or learning something
Hypothesis – an idea or explanation that is tested through study
Immature – not fully developed
Function words – small words that have grammatical meaning (e.g., “the”,
“and”, “of”)
Threshold – the point at which something begins to happen
Pattern – a repeated or regular way in which something happens
Linguistic – related to language or speech
Trial and error – a method of learning by trying different things and learning
from mistakes
Tongue – another word for language (in context of native or spoken
language)
Ideal – considered perfect for a particular purpose
Competing – trying to be more successful than others; opposing
Neuroscientists – scientists who study the brain and nervous system
Bereft – lacking something
Verbs – words that describe actions or states (e.g., run, be, feel)
Vocabulary – all the words a person knows and uses
Clip – pace or speed
Suggest – to propose an idea or explanation
Mature – fully developed physically or mentally
Expand – to make something larger or more detailed
Gradual – happening slowly over time
Proficiency – skill or expertise in doing something
Fluency – the ability to speak or write a language easily and correctly
Critical period – a specific time in early life when learning certain skills is
easiest
Proceed – to move forward or continue
Suspect – to believe something might be true, without certain proof
Native speaker – someone who has spoken a language since early childhood

Student’s book: Unit 4

Proposal – a formal suggestion or plan presented for consideration

Bland – lacking strong features or characteristics; unremarkable

Particle physics – a branch of physics that studies the nature of subatomic

particles

Laboratory – a place for scientific experiments or research

Modestly – in a humble or restrained way

Collider – a type of particle accelerator where particles are smashed

together

Track – to monitor or follow the progress of something

Document – a written, printed, or digital record

Transform – to change completely in form or appearance

Journal – a scholarly publication containing research articles

Recruit – to enlist people for a particular purpose

Amateur – a person who engages in an activity for pleasure rather than as a

profession

Classify – to group things based on shared characteristic

 Galaxy – a system of millions or billions of stars

Elliptical – oval-shaped

Irregular – not following a pattern or shape

Distribution – the way something is spread over an area

Species – a group of similar living organisms

Climate change – long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns

Application – the act of putting something to use

Observation – the process of monitoring or studying something carefully

Statistical – relating to data and numbers

Inspection – a close and detailed examination

Phenomenon – an observable event or situation

Collaboration – working together toward a common goal

Comment – a spoken or written remark

Refine – to improve by making small changes

Peer review – evaluation of scientific work by others in the same field

Quantum – related to the smallest units of energy in physics

Wave – a sudden increase or group in a sequence or trend

Student’s book: Unit 5

Regarded – thought of or considered in a specific way
Terra incognita – unknown or unexplored territory
Potential – the ability to develop or succeed in the future
Storehouse – a place or source where large quantities of something are kept
Calculate – to determine by using numbers or logic
Astonished – greatly surprised or amazed
Yield – to produce or provide something (e.g., a result, crop, or power)
Sceptical – doubtful or unconvinced about something
Architecture – the design and structure of buildings or systems
Staggering – deeply shocking or astonishing in size or amount
Proposing – putting forward an idea or suggestion
Technology – the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes
Proponents – people who support or argue in favor of something
Turbines – machines that produce power when spun by steam, water, or
wind
Desert – a dry, barren area of land with little rain or vegetation
Purified – cleaned or made free of impurities
Irrigation – the process of supplying water to crops or land
Oases – fertile areas in a desert where water is found
Drawbacks – disadvantages or negative aspects of something
Efficiency – the ability to do something well without wasting time or
resources
Population centres – places where many people live and work
Cables – thick wires used to carry electricity or signals
Renewable – able to be replenished naturally over time
Infrastructure – basic physical systems (e.g., roads, power grids) that support
a society
Consortium – a group of organizations working together
Estimate – to make an approximate calculation
Transmitting – sending energy, data, or signals from one place to another
Subsidies – financial support from the government
Burn coal – to use coal as a fuel source to generate energy
Investor – a person or company that puts money into something to make a
profit

Unit 6
Decompression – the act of relaxing or adjusting after entering a new space
Surroundings – the environment or conditions around something
Promotion – marketing or advertising aimed at encouraging purchases
Bargain – something bought at a cheaper price than usual
Greeter – a person employed to welcome people as they enter a place
Shoplifting – the act of stealing goods from a shop
Tempt – to attract someone to do something, often something they hadn’t
planned
Unplanned – not arranged or expected in advance
Psychology – the study of the mind and behavior
Guilty – feeling bad for doing something wrong
Invariably – always, in every case
Opportunity – a chance or possibility to do something
Boost – to increase or improve something
Dwell time – the amount of time someone spends in a location
Delicatessen – a store section offering ready-to-eat foods such as cheese or
meat
Ingredients – the components used to make a product or dish
Appetite – the desire to eat food
Encourage – to give someone support or confidence to do something
Ready meals – pre-prepared food that only needs heating
Branded – sold under a particular company’s name or logo
Own-label – products made by a retailer but sold under its own brand
Eye level – the height at which most people look straight ahead
Visibility – how easily something can be seen
Right-handed – someone who uses the right hand more than the left
Observing – watching carefully to gather information
Questioning – asking people to get information
Fitting rooms – changing rooms in stores to try on clothes
Decoy – something placed to mislead or influence a choice
Pleasurable – giving enjoyment or satisfaction
Struggling – having difficulty with something
Consider – to think carefully before making a decision

5.5 – 7.5 in 1 month

1. take 1 podcast (6 min) – Listen it
2. do transcribing
3. check your transcribing with it is original transcript, re-listen for
confirmation
4. listen + read your transcript with your eyes
5. take the role of 1-speaker
6. take the role of 2-speaker
7. you’re going to speak in the same speed with them 3x
8. you have to record your voice and it has to be 6 minute

Listen with pleasure

Podcast tv ted talks movies you tube radio
Nowadays, the great word about “Tradition” is disappearing and in danger
because of ignorance and other factors which cause to disappearance in
today’s world. However, we must inherit to our new generations after some
years, but How? If we have not enough knowledge and heritage from our
parents. How can we explain if they questioned us in some cases? No one
can explain about ignorance, so now we have to pay attention spearing out
tradition and maintain it for forever. Additionally, tradition is basic part of
nationality, but I can say in my country, inhabitants have kind to our
traditions and special celebrations, even government. In my opinion,
government also play a crucial role maintaining our cultural heritage
because of authority organize every important events as a holiday for
individuals and all people feel and on TV channels show about events and
they extend our traditional events among the tourists when they visited to
our historical buildings and regions.
In conclusion, tradition is related to culture and culture relies on people’s
behaviors.