PROBLEM [Link] 2.5 m high container contains 2.0 m deep water.
Determine the pressure at points A, B, and C if
ax=20 m/s2, az=10 m/s2.
Solution:
Let the angle the free surface makes with the horizontal is ,
Considering rigid body motion, tan = ax/(az+g) = 20/(10+9.81) = 1.01 => = 45.29 deg
Assume, width of the tank = 1 m.
Volume of air above water = 0.5x8x1 = 4 m3.
b
A
10 m/s2
Water
a 20 m/s2
B 8m D C
During rigid body motion with constant acceleration, this volume of air will occupy the space on the right side of
water. The volume will remain the same if no spilling occurs.
So, (1/2)(a+b)x2.5x1 =4 => a+b = 3.2 Eq 1
Again, tan = 2.5/(b-a) => b-a = 2.5/tan = 2.5/1.01 = 2.48 Eq 2
Solving Eqs. 1 and 2,
b = 2.84 m and a = 0.36 m
Pressure at point C will be 0 as it is outside water.
Pressure at point D will also be 0 as it is on the free surface.
Pressure difference between B and D is given by,
PB – PD = - ax(xB - xD) => PB – 0 = - x20 x (0 – 7.64) => PB = 152.8 kPa
Pressure difference between A and B is given by,
PA – PB = - az + g) (zA - ZB) => PA – 152800 = - x19.8 x (2.5 – 0) => PA = 103.3 kPa
PROBLEM [Link] tank of water in the Fig. is full and open to the atmosphere at point A. For what acceleration ax in
m/s2 will the pressure at point B be atmospheric?
60 cm
30 cm
6
30 cm 60 cm
Solution:
When the pressure at point B becomes atmospheric, the line joining the points A and B will corresponds to the free
surface. Let it makes an angle with the horizontal.
Now considering rigid body motion, tan = ax/(az+g) = ax/(0+9.81) = 60/60 = 1 => ax = 9.81 m/s2
PROBLEM 3.A tank of water 4 m deep receives a constant upward acceleration az. Determine (a) the gage pressure at
the tank bottom if az = 5 m/s2 and (b) the value of az that causes the gage pressure at the tank bottom to be 1 atm.
1
Solution:
2
The equation for pressure difference between two points in a fluid body:
p1 – p2 = - ax (x1 - x2) – ay (y1 - y2) – (az+g) (z1- z2) Eq. 1
For the present fluid system, let us put point 1 on the free surface and point 2 at the bottom of the tank.
(a)
Given, ax = ay = 0, z2 = 0, z1= 4, p1 = 0
So, from Eq. 1
– p2 = – (az+g) (z1-z2) = - 1000 (5 + 9.81) (4 - 0) = - 59.24 kPa
p2 = 59.24 kPa
(b)
Given, ax = ay = 0, z2 = 0, z1= 4, p1 = 0, p2 = 1 atm = 101.3 kPa
So, from Eq. 1
– 101.3 x 1000 = – (az+g) (z1-z2) = - 1000 (az + 9.81) (4 - 0)
101.3/4 = az + 9.81
az = 15.52 m/s2
PROBLEM [Link] what rpm about axis C will the U- tube take the configuration shown? The fluid is water.
Solution:
The equation of the free surface is
( ) ( )
7
Eq. 1
The point 1 is set on the axis of rotation, so that r1 = 0.
Appling Eq 1 between points 1 and A, we get,
( ) ( ) Eq. 2
Appling Eq 1 between points 1 and B, we get,
( ) ( ) Eq. 3
Solving Eqs. 2 and 3, we get,
( ) ( ) Eq. 3
2 = 209.3
= 14.47 rad/s = 138.2 rpm
PROBLEM [Link] the cylinder shown in Figure, determine the pressure at point A for a rotational speed of 10 rad/s.
Solution:
Total height of the cylinder = 0.8 m
Equating the air volume before and after rotation:
=> ro2h = 0.144 Eq (1)
Equation of rigid body rotation gives:
ro22/2 = gh => ro2 x 102/2 = 9.81h Eq (2)
Solving Eq (1) and (2), we get, h = 0.87 m which is greater than the height of the cylinder.
8
It means the bottom of the cylinder will be exposed to air as below.
In that case, we get equating the air volume before and after rotation:
Eq. (3)
Rigid body rotation equation gives:
Eq. (4)
Merging Eq. (3) and Eq. (4), we get,
=> Eq. (5)
But, h – h1 = 0.8 Eq. (6)
Solving Eq. (5) and Eq. (6), we get, h = 0.859 m => r1 = 0.108 m