Physics and Chemistry Measurement Problems
Physics and Chemistry Measurement Problems
1001CJA106216250190 JA
PART-1 : PHYSICS
SECTION-I (i)
1) A square plane mirror of side a lies in the plane y = 0 with its centre at the origin, its sides are
parallel to the x and z-axis. Thus the mirror occupies
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
2) While fishing from a dock, you see a fish in the water. For this, you can use either a bow and
arrow, or a laser gun. Which of the following strategy you must follow ?
3) Consider a vernier caliper in which each 1 cm on the main scale is divided into 10 equal division
and and a screw gauge with 50 divisions on its circular scale. In the Vernier caliper, 7 divisions of
the vernier scale coincide with 6 divisions on the main scale. In the screw gauge, one complete
rotation of the circular scale moves the spindle forward by one division on the linear scale (i.e. pitch
= one linear-scale division). Which of the following statements are correct?
(A)
The least count of the Vernier caliper is .
If the pitch of the screw gauge equals the least count of the Vernier caliper, then the least count
(B)
of the screw gauge is .
If the pitch of the screw gauge equals the least count of the Vernier caliper, then the least count
(C)
of the screw gauge is .
If the linear-scale division (i.e. one division on the linear scale) of the screw gauge is 1 mm, the
(D)
least count of the screw gauge is 0.02 mm.
4) A driver drives a car (assumed small) towards a large aquarium made up of thin glass walls filled
with water as shown. A fish shown here moves with velocity 4 m/s directly in front of car towards it.
While measuring diameter of a given wire using screw gauge it is a necessary to measure the
(A) diameter of the wire for two positions at right angles to each other and repeat the same at
several different places on the wire and obtain the average value of diameter.
Rachet arrangement in screw gauge must be utilised to avoid undue pressure on the wire as
(B)
this may change the diameter.
In a screw gauge the thread on the screw and that on the nut (in which the screw moves),
should tightly fit with each other. Hoewever, with repeated use, the threads of both the screw
and the nut may get worn out. As a result, a gap develops between these two threads, which is
(C)
called "play". The play in the threads may introduce an error in measurement. This error is
called backlash error. In instruments having backlash error, the screw slips a small linear
distance without rotation.
While measuring diameter of a given wire using screw gauge, error due to backlash can be
(D)
completely eliminated it the screw is moved in only one direction while taking measurements.
6) A ray of light is incident on a glass (µ = 1.5) prism of refracting angle A = 60°. Then [take
sin(48.5°) = 0.75]
SECTION-I (ii)
Common Content for Question No. 1 to 2
A vernier caliper consist of two scale, main scale a vernier scale over the main scale. Let n vernier
scale division coincide with (n – 1) main scale division (MSD), having zero of both coinciding over,
Reading = m + p × L.C. =
Let's assume a vernier scale is designed using a rectangular cardboard (8cm × 6cm). The edge, 8cm
length is divided into 10 equal parts by drawing lines parallel to 6cm edge and then the cardboard is
divided into two parts as shown below, resulting formation of two triangles ΔABC & ΔDEF. Now they
are arranged such that edge "CA" is considered as main scale and edge "EF'' is considered as
vernier scale which can slide over "CA" consider "C" and "E" as zeros of main and vernier scale.
1) Find the maximum possible error in this vernier caliper. (Assume no zero error)
(A) 0.1 cm
(B) 0.2 cm
(C) 0.5 cm
(D) 0.3 cm
2) If the length of an object is measurement, then one end of object lies between 4th and 5th division
of "CA" and 4th division of "EF" coincide with 7th division of "CA". Find the length of object.
(A) 3.8 cm
(B) 4.6 cm
(C) 4.8 cm
(D) This situation is not possible
(A) 16 cm
(B) 32 cm
(C) 40 cm
(D) 18 cm
(A) 40 cm
(B) 120 cm
(C) 160 cm
(D) None of these.
SECTION-II (i)
1) Value of α that can be chosen so that total internal reflection still occur at both opposite side must
2) If deviation between the ray incoming and leaving the prism is 'd', then find the value of d in
degrees.
Common Content for Question No. 3 to 4
In figure L is half part of an equiconvex glass lens (µ = 1.5) whose surfaces have radii of curvature r
= 40cm each and its right surface is silvered. Normal to its principal axis a plane mirror M is placed
on right side of the lens. Distance between lens L and mirror M is b. A small object O is placed on
left of the lens such that there is no parallax between final images formed by the lens and mirror. If
transverse length of image formed by L is twice the length of image formed by M.
In the measurements, error in all the independent quantities are known, then it is possible to
determine the error in any dependent quantity. This is done by the use of series expansion and
truncating the expansion at the first power of the error. For example, consider the relation .
If the error in x, y and z are Δx, Δy & Δz, respectively, then
For and and the relative errors in the independent variable are always added
so the error in z-will be
6) In an experiment the initial number of radioactive nuclei is 3000. It is found that 1000 ± 40 nuclei
decayed in the first 2 sec. For |x| << 1, ln(1 + x) = x upto first power of x. The error Δλ, in the
1) A physical quantity y depends on a and b shown below, y = ae–b ; where y, a and b are in cm. If "a"
and "b" are measured using the same scale, such that , for Δa = 0.02 cm, then the
maximum percentage error in measurement of y will be :
2) ; x, y & z are quantities related to length. x & y are measured using same scale of
least count 0.02 cm such that x = 2.00 & y = 2.00. The maximum possible error in measurement of z
3) The linear scale of a screw gauge can measure minimum value of 0.5 cm, and there are 50
divisions on circular scale. A vernier caliper is designed of same least count as that of the above-
mentioned screw gauge. The main scale of vernier caliper is normal scale of 1 mm as minimum
measurement. If nth division of vernier scale coincide with 9th division of main scale. Find the value of
n.
PART-2 : CHEMISTRY
SECTION-I (i)
1) A salt mixture contain a black halide salt (A) and a white salt (B). Salt mixture dissolves in dilute
sulphuric acid solution producing a clear blue solution and produce gas (F). Passing H2S gas through
this solution gave black precipitate (C). The solution was filtered off and boiled then colourless
filtrate was treated with aqueous ammonia giving a white precipitate (D), that was readily soluble in
excess NH4OH solution.
Sodium extract of the salt mixture was prepared and divided into two parts. One part of the extract
was treated with BaCl2 solution, giving a white precipitate (E), which dissolved into dilute HCl
evolving a gas (F). (F) turned a filter paper, moistened with acidified K2Cr2O7 solution, green. Other
part of extract was mixed with excess of MnO2 and concentrated sulphuric acid solutions and finally
boiled. A brown coloured vapour was formed which gave orange-red staining when passed through
strach paper. Select CORRECT statement(s) :-
(A) When salt A is reacted with excess Kl, a brown solution is produced.
(B) In both salt A and slat B, the cations are in the +2 oxidation state.
(C) White precipitate E dissolves in dilute HCl even after addition of H2O2.
(D) Precipitate D is soluble in mineral acid.
(A) Among 3d-block metals, only copper forms an oxide in the +1 oxidation state.
Among 3d-block metals, scandium is the only element that cannot form an oxide in the +2
(B)
oxidation state.
Vanadium, Chromium and Manganese all form fluorides corresponding to their highest
(C)
oxidation states.
(D) Copper cannot form a fluoride in the +1 oxidation state nor an iodide in the +2 oxidation state.
When aqueous copper(II) sulfate is combined with aqueous excess potassium cyanide ; a
(A)
colorless solution is formed.
The addition of aqueous potassium chloride to aqueous copper (II) sulfate produces a bright
(B)
green solution.
Cobalt (III) ions remain stable in aqueous solution, but are readily reduced in the presence of
(C)
complexing agents.
(D) The oxidation state of metal in both AgO and CuO is identical.
4) For each of the following coordination compounds, state whether the given description about its
magnetic nature and type of isomerism is correct.
Select the correct option(s).
6)
Salt (X) & (Y) both have same metal then select CORRECT option(s) -
SECTION-I (ii)
1) In which of the following reaction spin only magnetic moment and crystal field splitting pattern
both are change.
(P)
(Q)
(R)
(S)
(A) Only P
(B) Only P, Q
(C) Only P, Q, R
(D) Only S
2) If co-ordinates of a point charge (ligand) in tetrahedral complex is (+x, –y, –z) then what are the
co-ordinates of other three point charges (ligands) of tetrahedral complex, if all point charges are
present at corner of cubes (If central atom is placed at origin) ?
(P) (+x, –y, +z)
(Q) (–x, –y, +z)
(R) (–x, +y, –z)
(S) (+x, +y, +z)
(A) P, Q, R
(B) P, Q, S
(C) Q, R, S
(D) P, R, S
2+
(A) [Ni(NH3)6]
2–
(B) [Mn(CN)6]
2+
(C) [Cu(H2O)6]
(D)
4) In which system Jahn Teller distortion is not observed in low spin complex but weak distortion is
observed in high spin complex.
(A) d6 (octahedral)
(B) d8 (octahedral)
(C) d4 (octahedral)
(D) d5 (octahedral)
SECTION-II (i)
2) Find sum of oxidation state of central atom of anion in compound (H) and number of atoms in
anion of compound (I) which are in zero oxidation state.
3) Identify the substances A, B, and C and calculate sum of number of atoms per formula unit
of A,B,C.
4) Substance A dissolved in HCl and a coloured solution is prepared. Calculate number of reagents
that can convert this solution green.
5) Examine the following species and determine the total number of distinct species in which the
metal centre have 16 valence electrons.
[Pt(C2H4)Cl3]– , [Ir(CO)Cl(PPh3)2] , [Pt(PPh3)3] , Fe(CO)5 , [Pt(NH3)6]4+ , [Ag(NH3)2]+ , [PdCl4]2– ,
[Co(CO)3NO] , Ti(η1-C5H5)2 (η5-C5H5)2
6) Examine the following species and determine the total number of distinct compounds/ions in
which the metal centre adopts a tetrahedral geometry.
(i)
(ii)
(iii) VOCl3
(iv)
(v) K3CrO8
(vi) K4[Ni(CN)4]
(vii)
(viii) MnO3F
SECTION-II (ii)
1) Mark by ✓ symbol in a corresponding window those ions for which the assertions written on the
left side of the table, are true and calculate number of total blank windows after filling table.
Reagent
Assertion
Fe+3 Pb+2 Ag+ Cu+2
2) Find number of reaction in which at least one of the atom is in zero oxidation state in product
side.
(i)
(ii) Hg2I2 + KI →
(iii) Hg2Cl2 + NH4OH →
(iv) PbS + HNO3 →
(v) KI + Na2S2O3
(vi) KMnO4 + KI
(xi) K3[Fe(CN)6] + KI
n1 , n2 , n3 & n4 are number of oxygen atom(s) and p , q , r & s are charges on that
oxocation/oxoanions
If n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 = X
and p + q + r + s = Y
Find (X + Y).
PART-3 : MATHEMATICS
SECTION-I (i)
1) PQ and RS are normal chord to parabola y2 = 8x at P and R on the curve respectively and the
points P, Q, R, S are concyclic. If A is vertex of parabola, then
2) P is a moving point on ellipse in first quadrant. F1(α, 0) and F2(β, 0) are two foci of the
ellipse (α < β). One of the common point of PF1 and circle x2 + y2 – 6y + 8 = 0 is Q. Choose the
Correct option(s) :
(A)
focii are and
(B)
eccentricity is
(C) vertices (6,1) and (–4,1)
(D)
length of latusrectum =
4) If e1 is the eccentricity of the hyperbola xy = 1 and e2 is the eccentricity of the ellipse which is
confocal with the hyperbola and e1e2 = 1, then select the correct option(s) -
5) Parallel tangents are drawn to the ellipse x2 + 2y2 = 2 such that distance between them is . If
quadrilateral ABCD formed by these tangents, then select correct option(s) -
(A)
(B) AB = AC
(C) Possibility exist that side BC makes an angle 45º with x-axis
(D) ΔABC must be an equilateral triangle
SECTION-I (ii)
1) The equation of a common tangent with positive slope to the circle and hyperbola is
(A)
(B)
(C) 3x – 4y + 8 = 0
(D) 4x – 3y + 4 = 0
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) 6
SECTION-II (i)
3) The value of (m + n) is
4) Area of triangle OAB is
ℓ, m are variable real numbers such that 5ℓ2 + 6m2 – 4ℓm + 3ℓ = 0. Let variable line ℓx + my = 1
always touches a fixed parabola, whose axis is parallel to x axis.
SECTION-II (ii)
1) If variable chord of hyperbola x2 – y2 = 9 touches the parabola y2 = 12x and locus of middle point
of these chords is x3 + λ1xy2 + λ2y2 = 0, then (λ2 – λ1) equals
3) Let A and B are two points on x-axis and y-axis respectively and circle passes through A,B and O
(origin). Tangent at origin is at a distance of 3 unit and 5 unit from point A and B respectively, then
radius of circle is
ANSWER KEYS
PART-1 : PHYSICS
SECTION-I (i)
Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6
A. B,D B,D A,B,D A,B,D A,B,C A,C,D
SECTION-I (ii)
Q. 7 8 9 10
A. B D B B
SECTION-II (i)
Q. 11 12 13 14 15 16
A. 5.00 180.00 5.00 2.50 8.00 1.00
SECTION-II (ii)
Q. 17 18 19
A. 4 1 10
PART-2 : CHEMISTRY
SECTION-I (i)
Q. 20 21 22 23 24 25
A. A,B,D A,B,D A,B A,B,C A,B A
SECTION-I (ii)
Q. 26 27 28 29
A. A C C A
SECTION-II (i)
Q. 30 31 32 33 34 35
A. 15.00 9.00 50.00 7.00 5.00 6.00
SECTION-II (ii)
Q. 36 37 38
A. 13 8 9
PART-3 : MATHEMATICS
SECTION-I (i)
Q. 39 40 41 42 43 44
A. A,C,D A,B,C A,B,C,D A,C,D A,C A,B,C
SECTION-I (ii)
Q. 45 46 47 48
A. B A A B
SECTION-II (i)
Q. 49 50 51 52 53 54
A. 0.00 25.00 3.50 6.00 1.00 3.00
SECTION-II (ii)
Q. 55 56 57
A. 4 3 4
SOLUTIONS
PART-1 : PHYSICS
1)
2)
3)
5)
Conceptual
6)
7) 1 MSD = = 1 cm
1 VSD = = 0.8 cm
Least count = 1 MSD – 1 VSD
= 1.0 cm – 0.8 cm = 0.2 cm
9)
11)
12)
45° – β > θc
45° + β > θc
45° – β > θc is common solution for total internal reflection (TIR) at the both opposite surfaces
45° – θc > β
sin(45° – qc) > sinβ
Applying Snell's Law,
sinα = 1.5 sinβ
Angle between the Incoming and outgoing ray in the prism is 180°.
13)
Since, distance of object O from plane mirror M is (a + b), therefore, it forms a virtual image
at a distance (a + b) behind itself or a distance 2 (a + b) from the object O.
Since, there is no parallax between the images formed by the silvered lens L and plane mirror
M, therefore, two images are formed at the same point.
Hence, distance of Image from lens L is 2 (a + b) – a = (a + 2b) behind lens.
Since, length of Image formed by L is twice the length of image formed by the mirror M and
length of image formed by a plane mirror is always equal to length of the object, therefore,
modulus of transvers magnification produced by the lens L is equal to 2.
Since, distance of object from L is a, therefore, distance of image from L must be equal to 2a.
(a + 2b) = 2a or b = a/2 ....(1)
The slivered lens L may be assumed as a combination of an equi-convex lens and a concave
mirror placed in contact with each other co-axially as shown in Fig.
R1 = + r, R2 = –r, µ = 1.5
∴ Its focal length f1 is given by
or f1 = 40 cm
For concave mirror, R = –r = –40 cm
or F = –10 cm
Hence, for the combination,
u = –a, v = +2a, F = – 10 cm
15)
16)
n = 4, m = 2, p = 2
n+m+p=8
N = N0 e–λt (Decay formula) ....(i)
N = Number of nuclei remaining at time t
N0 = Initial number of nuclei
λ = decay constant
t = time
Differentiate w.r.t. λ
dN + N0(t)e–λtdλ
....(ii)
Now, from given data
dN = 40, N0 = 3000
N = 3000 – 1000 = 2000
From equation (i)
2000 = 3000e–λt
....(iii)
17) y = ae–b
ln y = ln a – b
Given : Δa = 0.02 cm
Δb = Δa = 0.02 cm (Measured using same scale)
× 100 = 2 + 2 = 4
18)
⇒ In z = ln x + ln y – ln(x + y)
1(V.S.D) =
(L.C.)V.S = (L.C.)S.G.
⇒ n = 10
PART-2 : CHEMISTRY
20)
The correct answer is option (A),(B),(D)
21)
22)
27)
30)
31)
32) A = Fe2O3 = 5
B = AgI = 2
C = Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 = 4 + 13 × 3 = 43
33)
35)
36)
37)
38) X = 13
Y = –4
PART-3 : MATHEMATICS
39)
Equation of normal chord at P(2t12,4t1) & R(2t22,4t2) and y + xt2 – 4t2 – 2t23 = 0.
Equation of any two degree curve passing through P, Q, R, S is (y + xt1 – 4t1 – 2t13 )(y + xt2 – 4t2
– 2t23) + λ(y2 – 8x) = 0
∵ P, Q, R, S are con cyclic
∴ 1 + λ = t1t2 & t1 + t2 = 0
41)
∴ eccentricity =
directrix, ⇒
Focii x = ±ae, y = 0
Latus rectum =
ae2 = ⇒a=4
b=
∴ ellipse
⇒ 3x2 + 3y2 – 2xy – 16 = 0
Hyperbola xy = 1 and 3x2 + 3y2 – 2xy – 16 = 0 intersects
⇒
⇒ 3x4 – 18x2 + 3 = 0 ⇒ x1x2x3x4 = 1
43) ⇒
5 + 5m2 = 8m2 + 4
1 = 3m2
tangents
area
Area ABCD is rhombus because parallel distance between first two parallel tangents is equal
to last two parallel tangents.
45) A tangent to is y = mx +
It is tangent to x2 + y2 – 8x = 0. Therefore,
46) A point on the hyperbola is (3sec θ, 2tanθ). It lies on the circle, so 9sec2θ + 4tan2 θ – 24
secθ = 0
⇒ sec θ = 2 ⇒ A, B are
47)
∠T1AR = 120° ⇒ ∠T1OR = 60°
⇒ ∠AOR = 30° ⇒ AR = ORtan30° = r1tan30°
T1T2 = AT1 + AB + BT2
= AR + AB + BS =
T1'T2' = CT1' + CT2'
= CR + CS
=
=
T1'T2' = T1'T2' ⇒
Direct common tangent = T1T2 =
48) T1T2 =
and r2 = 2
49)
AB = 4PS = 4(5)
AB = 20 units
Radius of circumcircle = 10
and required circum circle will have center at its focus.
50)
AB = 4PS = 4(5)
AB = 20 units
Let tangent at A and B meets in point Q and line 3x + 4y = 25 in point R and T
∴ ar ΔQRT = ar ΔAPB
51)
Area of ΔOAB =
52) The portion of tangent intercepted between asymptotes is bisected at the point of contact
y – a = – (x – c) + ...(ii)
(2) will touch (1) if
⇒
⇒ cℓ2 – bm2 + aℓm – ℓ = 0 ...(iii)
2 2
but given that 5ℓ + 6m – 4ℓm + 3ℓ = 0 ....(iv)
Comparing (3) and (4), we get
⇒ , b = 2 and
So parabola is
54) Any parabola whose axis is parallel to x axis will be of the form
(y – a)2 = 4b(x – c) ...(i)
Now, ℓx + my = 1, can be rewritten as
y – a = – (x – c) + ...(ii)
(2) will touch (1) if
⇒
2 2
⇒ cℓ – bm + aℓm – ℓ = 0 ...(iii)
2 2
but given that 5ℓ + 6m – 4ℓm + 3ℓ = 0 ....(iv)
Comparing (3) and (4), we get
⇒ , b = 2 and
So parabola is
it is tangent to y2 = 12x so
⇒ h3 – hk2 + 3hk = 0
Locus is x3 – xy2 + 3y2 = 0
56) ∵ |PS1 – PS2| = 2a and 2a = 4
⇒ ⇒
Directors circle is x2 + y2 = a2 – b2 i.e.
x2 + y2 =
auxiliary circle is x2 + y2 = 4