L T P C
U24CE3305 SURVEYING PRACTICES
3 0 2 4
PRE-REQUISITES: Nil
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1. To understand the fundamental principles and instruments of conventional surveying.
2. To learn leveling techniques, contouring, and their practical applications.
3. To apply angular and distance measurements using Theodolite and tacheometry.
4. To understand control surveying, error analysis, and adjustment methods.
5. To introduce modern surveying instruments like Total Station and GPS and their field applications.
SYLLABUS
UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF CONVENTIONAL SURVEYING 9
Definition – Classifications – Basic principles – Equipment and accessories for ranging and chaining -
Methods of ranging – Well conditioned triangles – Chain traversing – Compass – Basic principles – Types –
Bearing – System and conversions – Sources of errors and Local attraction – Magnetic declination – Dip –
compass traversing – Introduction to Plane table Surveying.
UNIT II LEVELLING 9
Level line – Horizontal line – Datum – Benchmarks – Levels and staves – Temporary and permanent
adjustments – Methods of leveling – Fly leveling – Check leveling – Procedure in leveling – Booking –
Reduction – Curvature and refraction – Reciprocal leveling – Precise leveling – Contouring – Characteristic
and Uses of Contour – Methods of Contouring.
UNIT III THEODOLITE SURVEYING 9
Horizontal and vertical angle measurements – Temporary and permanent adjustments – Heights and
distances – Tacheometric surveying – Stadia Tacheometry – Tangential Tacheometry – Trigonometric
leveling – Single Plane method – Double Plane method.
UNIT IV CONTROL SURVEYING AND ADJUSTMENT 6
Horizontal and vertical control – Methods – Triangulation – Traversing – Gale‘s table – Trilateration –
Concepts of measurements and errors – Error propagation and Linearization – Adjustment methods - Least
square methods – Angles, lengths and levelling network.
UNIT V MODERN SURVEYING 12
Total Station: Digital Theodolite, EDM, Electronic field book – Advantages – Parts and accessories – Working
principle – Observables – Errors - COGO functions – Field procedure and applications. GPS: Advantages –
System components – Signal structure – Selective availability and antispoofing receiver components and
antenna – Planning and data acquisition – Data processing – Errors in GPS – Field procedure and
applications.
PERIODS: 45
28
Signature of BoS Chairman, CE
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Chain Survey
a. Study of chains and its accessories, Aligning, Ranging, Chaining and Marking Perpendicular offset
b. Setting out works – Foundation marking using tapes single Room and Double Room
2. Compass Survey
a. Compass Traversing – Measuring Bearings & arriving included angles
3. Levelling - Study of levels and levelling staff
a. Fly levelling using Dumpy level
b. Check levelling
4. Theodolite - Study of Theodolite
a. Measurements of horizontal angles by reiteration and repetition and vertical angles
b. Determination of elevation of an object using single plane method when base is
Accessible/inaccessible.
5. Tacheometry – Tangential system – Stadia system
a. Determination of Tacheometric Constants
b. Heights and distances by stadia Tacheometry
c. Heights and distances by Tangential Tacheometry
6. Total Station - Study of Total Station, Measuring Horizontal and vertical angles
a. Traverse using Total station and Area of Traverse
b. Determination of distance and difference in elevation between two inaccessible points using
Total station
PERIODS: 30
TOTAL PERIODS: 75
CO COURSE OUTCOME
At the end of the course student will be able to
CO 1 Explain basic principles and perform conventional surveying techniques.
CO 2 Apply levelling and contouring methods to determine terrain features.
CO 3 Analyze horizontal and vertical angles using theodolite and tacheometry methods.
CO 4 Apply adjustment techniques to control surveying data using error theories.
CO 5 Utilize Total Station and GPS for precise data acquisition and field surveys.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Punmia B.C, Ashok K. Jain and Arun K. Jain, “Surveying Vol. I & II”, 17th Edition, Lakshmi Publications,
New Delhi, 2016.
2. Subramanian R, “Surveying and Levelling”, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, Noida, 2013.
REFERENCES:
1. Bhavikatti S.S., “Surveying and Levelling”, Vol. I & II, I K International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, New
Delhi, 2019.
2. Roy S.K, “Fundamentals of Surveying”, Second Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2011.
3. Basak N.N, “Surveying and Levelling”, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill Education, New Delhi, 2017.
29
Signature of BoS Chairman, CE
E-LEARNING MATERIALS:
1. [Link]
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
CO’s-PO’s & PSO’s MAPPING
CO/ PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO PSO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO 1 3 2 - - 2 - - - - - - 1 3 2 2
CO 2 3 2 - 2 3 - - - - 2 - 1 3 2 2
CO 3 3 3 2 3 3 - - - - 2 - 1 3 3 2
CO 4 3 3 2 2 2 - - - - 2 - 2 3 3 3
CO 5 3 3 2 2 3 2 - - - 2 - 2 3 3 3
Average 3.0 2.6 2.0 2.25 2.6 2.0 - - - 2.0 - 1.4 3.0 2.6 2.4
3: Strongly Agreed 2: Moderately Agreed 1: Reasonably Agreed
30
Signature of BoS Chairman, CE