Tutorial Temperature and Heat Energy
1. Define the following:
a) Temperature
b) Heat energy
c) Specific heat capacity
d) Sensible heat
e) Latent heat
f) Specific latent heat of fusion
g) Specific latent heat of vaporization
2. Convert the following to K
a) 0℃
b) 100℃
c) 823℃
d) 2165℃
e) -88℃
3. Convert the following to ℃
a) 273K
b) 288K
c) 373K
d) 156K
e) 1001K
4. Thermocouples used to monitor turbine cooling oil give readings in Celsius, but the calibration
chart from the manufacturer lists reference points in Kelvin. Given that the reference points are 243K,
288K and 466K, find the temperature in ℃.
5. Hot water, temperature 95℃, enters a cold pipeline with wall temperature of 305K. Engineers
must compare the two in the same unit to compute thermal stress. Find the difference in the
temperature of the water and pipeline in ℃.
6. Draw and describe the experiment to determine the melting point of naphthalene from it’s cooling
curve.
7. Calculate the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 3kg of copper from 25℃
to 75℃ if the heat capacity is 390 J/kgK.
8. Given that specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 KJ/kgK, the specific latent heat of fusion of ice is
335 KJ/kg, and the specific latent heat of vaporization is 2260 KJ/kg.
a) Determine the heat energy lost when 5kg of water at 100℃ has the temperature reduced to
20℃.
b) How much heat is needed to melt completely 12kg of ice at 0℃?
c) Calculate the heat energy required to convert completely 10kg of water at 50℃ into steam at
100℃.
9. In an experiment to determine the specific heat capacity of copper, specimen having a mass of
0.2kg was transferred quickly from boiling water at 100℃ to copper vessel of mass 0.3kg, containing
0.25kg of water at 21℃. The final temperature reached by the copper and water was 26℃. Calculate
the value of the specific heat capacity of the copper.
10. The lubrication oil from an engine flows through an oil cooler at the rate of 5.5 litres per minute.
If the oil enters the cooler at a temperature of 82℃ and leaves the cooler to re-enter the engine a 10℃,
how much heat energy is extracted from the oil per second?
Specific heat capacity of the oil =200J/kgK
Mass of 1 litre of the oil =0.85kg
11. A steel component having a mass of 25kg and a temperature of 650℃ is dropped into a tank
containing 50 litres of water at 18℃. Neglecting the heat lost to he tank and atmosphere, determine:
a) The final temperature of the water
b) The heat energy lost by the component
Specific heat capacity of steel =0.4 KJ/kgK
Specific heat capacity of water =4.2 KJ/kgK
12. A 6kg mass stainless steel is left in a furnace until it attains the furnace temperature. The stainless
steel is the withdrawn and quickly immersed in 8 litres of water contained in a vessel of mass 5kg.
The initial temperature of the water and the vessel is 15℃ and final temperature 85℃. Assuming no
losses, calculate the furnace temperature
Specific heat capacity of water =4.2 KJ/kgK
Specific heat capacity of stainless steel =0.5 KJ/kgK
Specific heat capacity of vessel =0.84 kJ/kgK
13. Find the quantity f heat required to melt completely, 5kg of an aluminium alloy initially at 20℃,
given that for the alloy:
Melting point =660℃
Specific heat capacity =900 J/kgK
Specific latent heat of fusion =400 KJ/kg
14. Determine the amount of heat energy needed to change 400g of ice, initially a -20℃, into steam
at 120℃.
Assume the following:
Latent heat o fusion of ice =335 KJ/kg
Latent heat of vaporization of water =2260 KJ/kg
Specific heat capacity of ice =2.14 KJ/kgK
Specific heat capacity of water =4.2 KJ/kgK
Specific heat capacity of steam =2.01 KJ/kgK
15. The liquid cooling system of a motor vehicle contains 12 litres of fresh water at a temperature of
20℃. Calculate the quantity of heat required to evaporate one-tenth of the water at normal
atmospheric pressure, given that the specific latent heat of vaporization of water is 2260 KJ/kg and
specific heat capacity of water is 4.2kJ/kgK.