THE SCIENCE FRAMEWORK IN THE K TO 12 MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LITERACY • Throughout the process of science teaching and learning, and
based on the framework, there is continuous monitoring and
Understanding and Applying Scientific Knowledge assessment of learning.
Developing and Demonstrating Scientific Attitude • These are very important elements that need to be addressed
and Values in all educational endeavors including science teaching and
Performing Scientific Inquiry Skills learning.
1. Critical and Creative Problem Solver
2. Responsible Steward of Nature
3. Innovative and Inventive Thinker
4. Informed Decision Maker
5. Effective Communicator
HOW ARE THESE SKILL DEVELOPED? SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS
BEED 3 | Teaching Science in Elementary Grades
MULTIDISCIPLINARY - INTERDISCIPLINARY
APPROACH Science process skills are the scientific methods that we use
• Interrelationships and interaction of different disciplines when we study and investigate.
• Link it to technology and how it influences people
OBSERVING
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY APPROACH Observations are made by using the five senses. This is the
• Making use of the identified problem or issues surrounding most basic skill in science.
the environment
• Learners take ownership of a problem and the desire to solve CLASSIFYING
it It is when we group objects according to their similarities and
differences.
PROBLEM/ISSUE BASED LEARNING
• Learning occurs as learners are actively involved in the COMMUNICATING
process of meaning and knowledge construction Graphs, diagrams, and maps are ways of communicating
results.
INQUIRY-BASED APPROACH
• Learning can be directed to observing others while MEASURING
interacting and experiencing Measuring is important in collecting, comparing, and
interpreting data.
CONSTRUCTIVISM SOCIAL COGNITION LEARNING
MODEL INFERRING
An inference is an explanation based on observation.
• Learning occurs as learners are actively involved in
constructing meaning and knowledge
• Learning can be directed through observing others while
interacting and experiencing INTRODUCTION TO THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Science and Technological Literacy is the ultimate goal of What is the Scientific Method?
science learning. The scientific method is a systematic process that scientists
use to answer questions and solve problems.
Attitude and Values of a Scientist This process helps us understand the world around us in a
logical and organized way.
CURIOSITY - A scientist must be curious about the world. In this lesson, we’ll explore each step of the scientific method
and learn how to apply it to everyday questions and scientific
HUMILITY - A scientist admits failures and recognizes that investigations.
there are better ideas.
Steps of the Scientific Method
OPEN MINDEDNESS - A scientist listens and respects ideas • Questioning
of others. • Problem identification research
• Hypothesis formation
• Experimentation and testing
INTELLECTUAL HONESTY - A scientist is intellectually • Data collection and analysis
honest. • Drawing conclusions
• Communicating results
PERSEVERANCE - A scientist works hard and is persistent.
ASK A QUESTION
SKEPTICISM - A scientist does not jump to conclusions. The first step in the scientific method is to ask a question. This
question should be specific and based on an observation of the
CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE - A scientist is creative world around us.
and a critical thinker. For example, you might notice that plants grow differently
under various lighting conditions and wonder, “How does
RATIONAL - A scientist uses reason or logical thinking light affect plant growth?”
before giving answers. A good scientific question is clear, focused, and something
that can be tested. This question will guide the rest of your
investigation.
OBJECTIVITY - A scientist is willing to suspend judgment
until sure of results.
DO BACKGROUND RESEARCH
Before jumping into an experiment, it’s essential to understand
INNOVATIVE - A scientist tries new approaches to arrive at
what is already known about your topic.
conclusions.
Background research involves gathering information from
reliable sources like books, scientific articles, and trustworthy topic further through hands-on experiences, experiments, and
websites. other interactive activities.
This research helps you make informed predictions and Students discover concepts and ideas for themselves and
ensures you’re not repeating work that’s already been done. develop their own understanding and ideas.
Understanding the basics of your topic also allows you to
design a better experiment. EXPLAIN
In the Explain stage, students are given the opportunity to
CONDUCT AN EXPERIMENT share their findings and ideas with others.
The experiment is the part where you test your hypothesis. They can present their work through group discussions,
In this step, you’ll design and carry out a procedure to see if presentations, or written reports.
your prediction is correct. Students develop their communication skills and clarify their
A good experiment has two main variables: the independent understanding of the topic.
variable (what you change) and the dependent variable (what
you measure). ELABORATE
For example, if you’re testing plant growth, you might change The Elaborate stage provides students with additional
the amount of light (independent variable) and measure the opportunities to deepen their understanding of the topic.
height of the plant (dependent variable). This can include extension activities, further research, or
Keep all other factors the same to ensure accurate results. application of the concepts learned to new situations.
RECORD AND ANALYZE DATA EVALUATE
As you conduct your experiment, collect data and record your The Evaluate stage involves assessing students' learning and
observations. understanding of the topic.
This data could include measurements, notes, or pictures, This can be done through a variety of methods such as
depending on the type of experiment. quizzes, tests, or project-based assessments.
Once you’ve gathered your data, analyze it to look for patterns Feedback is provided to both the teacher and the student on
or trends. the effectiveness of the learning process.
For example, you might create a graph to show how plant
height changes with different light levels.
Analyzing data helps you understand whether your hypothesis
was supported or not.
DRAW A CONCLUSION
After analyzing your data, you can draw a conclusion.
This is where you decide if your hypothesis was correct.
Summarize your findings and explain why the results did or
did not support your prediction.
If the results weren’t what you expected, think about what
could have caused the difference.
Drawing a conclusion helps you reflect on what you learned
and consider how the experiment might be improved in the
future.
COMMUNICATE YOUR RESULTS
The final step of the scientific method is to communicate your
findings.
Scientists share their work with others so that it can be
reviewed and built upon.
You might write a report, create a presentation, or display your
findings in a science fair.
By sharing your results, you contribute to the scientific
community and help others learn from your experiment.
Clear communication allows others to understand your work
and possibly repeat it to verify the results.
5-E’S MODEL IN SCIENCE TEACHING
INQUIRY MODEL
5E INQUIRY MODEL
The 5E Inquiry Model is a teaching framework used to guide
students through the inquiry-based learning process.
The model is designed to engage students in active learning
and to promote the development of critical thinking skills.
ENGAGE – EXPLORE – EXPLAIN – ELABORATE –
EVALUATE
ENGAGE
The Engage stage is designed to stimulate students' curiosity
and interest in the topic.
It involves creating a connection between prior knowledge and
the new topic.
This stage includes a variety of activities such as group
discussions, demonstrations, or hands-on experiences.
EXPLORE
In the Explore stage, students are encouraged to investigate the