UNIT 1
Characteristics and life processes of organisms
Classification
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CLASSIFICATION:
To learn and study more about living things, scientists sort
them into many different groups. This is called
classification.
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WHERE ANIMALS AND PLANTS Samah
LIVE:Reda
1-Terrestrial animals: they live on land.
Some can swim.
They have :
1-legs to walk.
2-lungs to breathe.
3-snake have scales which help them to crawl.
There senses are well-developed.
Animals that live in cold places have thick fur to keep
them warm.
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IN DESERT:
Camels have thick skin to protect them from the
sun.
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TERRESTRIAL PLANTS:
Are growing on
land.
Some grow in hot,
dry deserts where is
little water .
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SOME PLANTS GROW IN OR NEAR
WATER.
Plants in one place can be quite different from
another place.
This because the climate and the soil differs from
one place to another.
Warmer: along the coasts, and at sea level.
Colder: high mountains.
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AQUATIC ANIMALS:
Live in water .
They breathe through
: gills.
Such as: Fish-crabs-
Turtles-Shrimp and
some forms of snails .
These animals have
fins or limbs which
help them to swim in
water.
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AQUATIC PLANTS:
They are important for animals life.
Insects and birds feed on them.
They provide shelter and resting places for thousands of
tiny creatures which live underwater or on the surface.
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Lotus Underwater plants
that provide shelter
for aquatic animals
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ARBOREAL ANIMALS:
Spend most of the time on trees.
They have a powerful arms and legs.
Such as : monkeys and apes.
They use their tails to grip branches.
Such as: lizards-opossum-and squirrel, have sharp claws
that help them to climb.
AERIAL ANIMALS:
Spend a lot of time in the air.
Such as: birds and bats.
Their bones are light and hollow.
Their body shape helps them to cut through the air
easily.
They have wings.
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DEALING WITH TEMPERATURE
VARIATION:
Animals can be classified as hot or cold-blooded.
1-Cold blooded animals: their body temperature
changes with the outside temperature.
Such as : Snakes-Frogs-Lizards-Crocodiles.
They sleep in winter if it’s very cold and there is
no food.(Hibernation).
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2-WARM-BLOODED ANIMALS:
Maintain their bodies temperature constant.
They don’t depend on the temperature of their
environment.
Such as: Mammals-Humans-and birds.
BIRD MIGRATION:
Birds travel from cold areas to hot areas
searching for warmth.
They may travel over 5000 kilometer.
MIGRATE SEARCHING FOR WARMTH
They can travel over 5000 kilometer.
THE ANIMAL KINGDOM:
All animals on Earth form a kingdom called the
animal kingdom.
Includes thousands of different creatures.
Some of them are microscopic.
Some are giants such as blue whale.
VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES:
With backbone: vertebrates.
Without backbone: invertebrates.
1-Vertebrates: consists of 5 classes:
1-Amphibians
2-Fich.
3-Reptiles.
4-Birds.
5-mammals.
VERTEBRATES:
They have a skeleton inside their bodies.
They have a brain covered by skull.
They are usually big in size, the can move fast.
Such as:
Humans, snake, fish, birds, cows, cats, frogs.
INVERTEBRATES:
Such as insects, worms, spiders, snails, and
slugs.
They have no backbone.
They have no bones.
Are usually small in size, move slowly.
Such as: snails, beetles, sponges, mussels, bees.
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THEM:
They are animals and part of animal kingdom.
They live in a different range of habitats.
THE PLANT
KINGDOM:
THE PLANT
PARTS AND
THEIR
FUNCTIONS:
CLASSIFYING PLANTS:
1-Flowering plants:
Grows from seeds.
1-seeds germinate.
2-shoots and roots grows into an adult plant.
3-an adult plant produces flowers and fruits.
4-Flowers gives seeds.
CLASSIFYING PLANTS
2-Non-flowering plants:
Their seeds are not covered like flowering
plants.
Are divided into two main groups according to
how they reproduce.
Algae, ferns, and mosses reproduce by cell
division.
Spores or fragmentation.
Pine trees , fir trees, and other coniferous plants
reproduce by producing seeds.
HOW CAN WE PROTECT
ENDANGERED ANIMALS:
1-Plant trees.
2-Stop cutting trees and stop destroying wild
spaces.
3-Stop hunting animals for fun.