Aa¨vq-12: Rx‡ei cwi‡ek, we¯—vi

(((
bgybv bgybv bgybv
ÔKÕ ÔLÕ ÔMÕ
kvj MR©b †MvjcvZ
v
†m¸b QvwZg my›`ix
[XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR]
K. w÷jx Kx? 1
[Link]‡jvK ms‡kl‡Yi wjwgwUs d¨v±i ej‡Z Kx
eyS? 2
M.DÏxc‡Ki bgybv ÔKÕ, ÔLÕ I ÔMÕ Gi Dw™
¢`¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki †h wZbwU wfbœ ebv‡ji
Zv‡`i bvg, Ae¯’vb Ges ˆewkó¨ QK AvKv‡i
Dc¯’vcb Ki| 3
[Link] ÔMÕ Gi Dw™¢`¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki †h
ebv‡j R‡š§ D³ e‡bi msi¶Y AwaKZi Ri“wi-

RxeweÁvb
cÖ_g cÎ
we‡klY Ki| 4
1 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †cwimvBKj ¯—i †_‡K Avi¤¢ K‡i fv¯‹zjvi evÛjmn
†K›`ª ch©š— AskB n‡jv w÷jx| A
( hLb †Kv‡bv ˆRe ivmvqwbK wewµqv GKvwaK
cÖfveK Øviv cÖfvweZ nq, ZLb H wewµqvi nvi
m‡e‡P‡q Kg gvÎvi cÖfveK w`‡q wba©vwiZ nq|
GB Kg gvÎvi cÖfveKwU‡K wjwgwUs d¨v±i e‡j|
†hgb : mv‡jvKms‡kl‡Yi †¶‡Î wjwgwUs d¨v±i n‡jv
CO2| evqy‡Z CO2 Gi nvi evo‡j mv‡jvKms‡klYI
evo‡e, CO2 Kg‡j mv‡jvKms‡klYI Kg‡e| A
(A
bg ebv Ae¯’vb ˆewkó¨
yb ‡ji
vi bvg
bv
g
K cÎSov XvKv, i. kxZKv‡j
 ev MvRxcyi G e‡bi
cY©‡ , e„¶ivwR
gvPx gqgbwm i cvZv
ebv sn, S‡i hvq|
j Uv½vBj, ii.
†kicyi,
Kzwgjvi evwl©K
gqbvgw e„wócv
Z Ges Z Kg,
e‡i›`ª ZvB
AÂj| evZv‡mi
Av`ª©Z
v
A‡c¶vK
…Z Kg|
iii.

gvwUi
eY© jvj,
RxeweÁvb

†ek
cÖ_g cÎ

A¨vwm
wWK|
L wPim PÆMÖv i. evwl©K
eyR I g, e„wócv
Dc- cve©Z¨ Z †ewk,
wPim PÆMÖv ZvB
eyR g I evZv‡m
ebv wm‡jU Rjxq
j| AÂj| ev‡®úi
cwigvYI
†ewk|
ii.

gvwU‡Z
wnDgv
m
AwaK,
A¨vwm
 wWK|
iii.

AwaKvs
k Dw™
¢`
wPimey
R cÖK…
wZi|
M g¨vb cUzqvLv i. G eb
‡MÖ wji wPimey
vf `w¶Yvsk R eb|
ebv , e„nËi e‡bi
j Lyjbv, wbævÂj
cwðge½ ˆ`wbK
`yBevi
†Rvqv‡ii
cvwb‡Z
wm³ nq|

RxeweÁvb
ii.

cÖ_g cÎ
gvwU‡Z
Aw·‡R‡b
i Afve
_vKvq
AwaKvs
k e„‡¶i
k¦vmg~j
nq|
iii.

gvwU I
cvwb
jeYv³|
gvwUi
PH = 7-
Gi
KvQvKv
 wQ|
( DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ bgybv ÔMÕ-Gi Dw™¢`¸‡jv
evsjv‡`‡ki my›`ie‡b R‡š§ hv g¨vb‡MÖvf ebv‡ji
Aš—M©Z| GB ebv‡ji msi¶Y AwaKZi Ri“wi| KviY
evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶Yv‡ji †Rjv¸‡jv we‡kl K‡i mvZ¶xiv,
Lyjbv, ev‡MinvU, ei¸bv, cUzqvLvwj, †fvjv,
PÆMÖvg, K·evRvi BZ¨vw` †Rjv mivmwi
mvMicv‡o `vwo‡q Av‡Q| G¸‡jv‡K ejv nq DcK‚jxq
AÂj| A
Avi GB AÂj‡K wewfbœ `~‡h©vM †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z
DcK‚jxq meyR †eóbx M‡o †Zvjv n‡q‡Q| KviY
meyR †eóbx mgy`ª †_‡K Avmv R‡jv”Q¡vm‡K
cÖv_wgKfv‡e cÖwZnZ K‡i Ges R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi
MwZ, cÖPÊZv I D”PZv eûjvs‡k Kwg‡q †`q|
R‡jv”Q¡vmKvjxb fvUvi Uv‡b gvbyl, cï I Ab¨vb¨
m¤ú` †f‡m hvIqv †_‡K i¶v cvq| S‡oi MwZ‡eM,
SvcUv I ¶wZi cwigvY Kwg‡q †`q| D³ ebvÂj †_‡K
cÖ‡qvRbxq R¡vjvwb, KvV, Lvevi I Ab¨vb¨
mvgMÖx cvIqv hvq| evm¯’vb Mfxi cvwb‡Z Zwj‡q
†M‡j e„‡¶i Dci D‡V AvÍi¶v Kiv hvq| A‡bK
RxeweÁvb
cÖ_g cÎ

k¼Uvcbœ Rx‡ei cÖavb Avevm¯’j n‡jv

g¨vb‡MÖvf ebvÂj| mgyw`ªK grm¨ m¤ú‡`i cÖavb
cÖRbb †K›`ª ev AvkÖq¯’j n‡jv g¨vb‡MÖvf ebv‡ji
wfZ‡i Aew¯’Z †QvU †QvU wgVv cvwbi Rjvavi|
Rxe‰ewPÎ msi¶‡Y D³ ebvÂj ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f‚wgKv
cvjb K‡i|
((( evsjv‡`‡k 2.26 wgwjqb †n±i ebf‚wg i‡q‡Q, hv
†`‡ki †gvU f‚wgi 17.08%| ˆewPÎZv, Rjevqy, Dw™
¢`, cÖK…wZ Ges cwi‡ekMZ wfbœZvi Ici wfwË
K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki eb‡K wZbwU As‡k fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
DcK‚jxq A‡j GKwU eb i‡q‡Q hv LyeB
¸i“Z¡c~Y©| [DBjm& wjUj d¬vIqvi ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR,
XvKv]
K.B‡KvjwRK¨vj wcivwgW Kx? 1
[Link] cvK© ej‡Z Kx eySvq? D`vniY `vI|2
M.DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ e‡bi ˆewkó¨ D‡jL Ki| 3
[Link] ˆewPΨ msi¶‡Y DwjwLZ e‡bi f‚wgKv
e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( Lv`¨Rvj‡Ki web¨vm mgwš^Z wcivwgW AvK…
wZi QKB n‡jv Ecological Pyramid| A
( mvdvwi cvK© GK ai‡bi msiw¶Z ebf‚wg †hLv‡b
eb¨ cÖvYxiv Ab¨Zg cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡k iw¶Z
_v‡K, gy³fv‡e wePiY K‡i Ges cÖRb‡bi my‡hvM
cvq| Avi `k©bv_©xiv myiw¶Z _v‡K Ges Mvwo
K‡i †mLv‡b Ny‡i †eovq| GLv‡b cÖvYx¸‡jvi g‡a¨
GKwU cÖvK…wZK fvimvg¨ eRvq _v‡K| †hgb
PÆMÖv‡gi WzjvnvRiv mvdvwi cvK©, MvRxcy‡ii
e½eÜy mvdvwi cvK©| A
( DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ DcK‚jxq A‡j we`¨gvb eb n‡jv
g¨vb‡MÖvf eb ev my›`ieb| G A‡ji e‡bi wKQy
¸i“Z¡c~Y© ˆewkó¨ i‡q‡Q| G eb wPimeyR| e‡bi
wbævÂj ˆ`wbK `yÕevi †Rvqv‡ii cvwb‡Z wm³ nq|
G e‡bi cvwb Ges gvwU jeYv³| gvwUi PH Gi
KvQvKvwQ| gvwU‡Z Aw·‡R‡bi Afve _vKvq
AwaKvsk e„‡¶i k¦vmg~j ev wbD‡g‡Uv‡dvi nq|
jeYv³Zvi cwigvY ﮋ IR‡bi 10-50 fvM|
†Rvqvi fvUv A‡j cÖwZwôZ n‡Z A‡bK Dw™¢‡`
RivqyR A¼z‡iv`Mg nq| AmsL¨ b`x-Dcb`x I P¨v‡bj

RxeweÁvb
Øviv my›`ieb †QvU †QvU As‡k wef³| G e‡bi

cÖ_g cÎ
cÖavb cÖavb Dw™¢` n‡jv my›`ix, †MvjcvZv,
wnZvj, †MIqv, Mivb, †KIov, ay›`yj BZ¨vw`| A
( DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ DcK‚jxq A‡j Aew¯’Z my›`ieb
Rxe‰ewPΨ msi¶‡Y ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|
my›`ieb DcK‚jxq A‡ji meyR †eóbx wn‡m‡e KvR
K‡i| wewfbœ cÖKvi cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †_‡K
DcK‚jeZ©x GjvKvi RxeRš‘, MvQcvjv i¶v K‡i|
my›`ie‡b wewfbœ cÖKvi Dw™¢` I cÖvYx Ae¯’vb
K‡i| d‡j G e‡bi wewfbœ cÖKvi Lv`¨ k„•Lj, Lv`¨Rvj
ˆZwii gva¨‡g e‡bi Rxe ˆewPΨ eRvq ivL‡Q|
my›`ie‡bi Dw™¢`ivwR Awf‡hvRbi gva¨‡g jeYv³
cwi‡e‡k wb‡R‡`i‡K wUwK‡q †i‡L H GjvKvi Rxe
‰ewPΨ‡K wUwK‡q ivL‡Q| RbmsL¨v e„w× I
wbwe©Pv‡i e„¶wba‡bi d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki AvenvIqvi
evqygʇj O2-Gi cwigvY µgk K‡g hvq I CO2-Gi
cwigvY e„w× cvq| d‡j MÖxY nvDm cÖwZwµqv
j¶Yxq| GB MÖxYnvDm cÖwZwµqv †gvKv‡ejvq
my›`ie‡bi Dw™¢`mg~n Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv iv‡L|
 Zxeª R‡jv”Q¡v‡m DcK‚jxq A‡ji cÖPzi f‚wg¶q nq|
my›`ie‡bi Dw™¢`mg~n GKw`‡K S‡oi †eM n«vm
K‡i Aciw`‡K G‡`i †Vmg~j †Rvqvi-fvUvi
cvwb‡ivaK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| my›`ieb wewfbœ
cÖRvwZi eb¨cÖvYxi AfqviY¨ nIqvq A‡bK eb¨
cÖRvwZi cÖvYxi msL¨v w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q hv
Rxe‰ewPΨ‡K mg„× Ki‡Q|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi †cÖw¶‡Z ejv hvq Rxe‰ewPΨ
msi¶‡Y my›`ie‡bi f‚wgKv Acwimxg|
((( Zby, wgk‡ii wcivwg‡Wi Dci WKz‡g›Uvwi
†`LwQj| wcivwgW¸‡jvi wb‡Pi w`KUv cÖk¯— wKš‘
Dc‡ii w`KUv µgk mi“ Ges wb‡Pi w`‡Ki cv_‡ii
msL¨v I fi, ga¨ I †klfvM A‡c¶v †ewk| [AvBwWqvj
K‡jR, †m›Uªvj †ivW, avbgwÊ, XvKv]
K. †cÖvwUb Kx? 1
L.`v` †ivM Gi j¶Y Kx? 2
M.DÏxc‡Ki iewY©Z bKkvi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©
bKkv ev¯‘Z‡š¿I we`¨gvb- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N.cv_i¸‡jvi ga¨Kvi m¤ú‡K©i g‡Zv ev¯‘Z‡š¿i
RxeweÁvb

wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi fvimvg¨c~Y© m¤úK©

cÖ_g cÎ

_vK‡jB †KejgvÎ c„w_ex †UKmB n‡e- Dw³wU

e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( A‡bK¸‡jv A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW †ccUvBW eÜbxi
gva¨‡g hy³ n‡q †h e„n`vKvi AYy MVb K‡i ZvB
n‡jv †cÖvwUb| A
( `v` †iv‡Mi j¶Y A
i. `vbvi g‡Zv dzmKuywo I Auvk †`Lv hvq|
[Link] ev wis Gi g‡Zv AvKvi aviY K‡i|
iii. Pvicv‡ki Pvgov dz‡j I‡V, ZLb PzjKvwb nq|
iv. PzjKv‡bvi d‡j AvVv‡jv im †ei nq|
( DÏxc‡K Zbyi †`Lv wgk‡ii wcivwgW Gi mv‡_
m½wZc~Y© bKkv ev¯‘Z‡š¿i msL¨vi wcivwgW I
f‡ii wcivwg‡Wi Abyiƒc| msL¨vi wcivwg‡W
mvaviYZ cÖviw¤¢K Lv`¨¯—‡i Rx‡ei msL¨v †kl
Lv`¨¯—‡ii Rx‡ei Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk _v‡K| †Kvb
B‡Kvwm‡÷‡gi Lv`¨¯—‡ii Rx‡ei msL¨vwfwËK
m¤úK© †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ Aw¼Z bKkvB n‡jv msL¨vi
wcivwgW| Z…Yf‚wgi GKwU wbw`©ó GjvKvq
Rš§v‡bv Dw™¢‡`i msL¨vi Zzjbvq H Z…Ymg~‡ni
Dci wbf©ikxj cÖv_wgK Lv`‡Ki msL¨v Kg n‡e|
Avevi H Lv`‡Ki msL¨vi Zzjbvq G‡`i Dci wbf©ikxj
†m‡KÊvwi Lv`‡Ki msL¨v AviI Kg n‡e| †m‡KÊvwi
Lv`‡Ki msL¨vi Zzjbvq Uviwkqvwi Lv`‡Ki msL¨v
AviI Kg n‡e| m‡e©v”P Lv`‡Ki msL¨v me‡P‡q Kg|
msL¨vi wcivwg‡W cÖwZwU Lv`¨¯—‡i Rx‡ei
msL¨v †`Lv‡bv nq| A
Avevi, ev‡qvgvm n‡jv †Kvb GKwU B‡Kvwm‡÷‡g
GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q Aew¯’Z mKj ˆRee¯‘i †gvU
fi ev †gvU cwigv‡Yi wnmve| RxeR c`v‡_©i †gvU
ﮋ IRbB n‡jv ev‡qvgvm| †Kvb GKwU
B‡Kvwm‡÷‡gi Lv`¨¯—i¸‡jvi ev‡qvgvm wbY©q
K‡i G‡`i djvdj w`‡q Aw¼Z ˆiwLK wPÎB n‡jv
ev‡qvgvm ev f‡ii wcivwgW| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq,
GKwU e„‡¶i ev‡qvgvm Gi Dci wbf©ikxj cvwLi
ev‡qvgvm n‡Z †ewk| Avevi, cvwL¸‡jvi ev‡qvgvm
Zv‡`i Dci wbf©ikxj ciRxex †cvKvgvKo¸‡jvi
ev‡qvgvm A‡c¶v †ewk| ev‡qvgv‡mi wcivwg‡W
cÖwZwU Lv`¨¯—‡i †gvU ev‡qvgv‡mi cwigvY

RxeweÁvb
cÖ_g cÎ
†`Lv‡bv nq|
( DÏxc‡K wb‡Pi w`‡Ki cv_‡ii msL¨v I fi ga¨¯—‡ii
cv_‡ii msL¨v I fi A‡c¶v †ewk| Avevi kxl©¯—‡ii
cv_‡ii msL¨v I fi ga¨¯—‡ii cv_‡ii msL¨v I fi A‡c¶v
Kg| ev¯‘Z‡š¿ wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ GB ai‡bi
m¤úK© _vK‡jB †KejgvÎ c„w_exi cwi‡ek wVK
_vK‡e| mvaviYZ cÖviw¤¢K Lv`¨¯—‡i Rx‡ei msL¨v
†kl Lv`¨¯—‡ii Rxe‡bi msL¨vi Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk
_v‡K| †hgb Z…Yf‚wgi GKwU wbw`©ó GjvKvq
Rš§v‡bv Dw™¢‡`i msL¨vi Zzjbvq H Z…Ymg~‡ni
Dci wbf©ikxj cÖv_wgK Lv`‡Ki msL¨v Kg n‡e|
Avevi H Lv`‡Ki msL¨vi Zzjbvq G‡`i Dci wbf©ikxj
†m‡KÊvwi Lv`‡Ki msL¨v AviI Kg n‡e| †m‡KÊvwi
Lv`‡Ki msL¨vi Zzjbvq Uvwikqvwi Lv`‡Ki msL¨v
AviI Kg n‡e| Giƒc bv n‡j cÖRvwZ wU‡K _vK‡Z
cviZ bv| †m‡KÊvwi ev Uviwkqvwi Lv`‡Ki msL¨v
†ewk n‡j Drcv`K ev cÖ_g ¯—‡ii Lv`K †KDB wU‡K
_vK‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avevi Rxef‡ii †¶‡ÎI †`Lv hvq
 kxl©¯—‡i Rxef‡ii msL¨v Kg _v‡K| Giƒc bv _vK‡j
ev¯‘Z‡š¿i wbf©ikxjZv wewNœZ n‡Zv|
((( Dw™¢` weÁv‡bi M‡elYvq mvwKe GK ai‡bi
Dw™¢‡` k¦vmg~j I RivqyR A¼z‡iv`Mg Ges Ab¨
ai‡bi Dw™¢‡` eo evqyKzVzix I j¤^v ga¨ce©
†`L‡Z †c‡jb hv Dw™¢`¸‡jv‡K wfbœ wfbœ
cwi‡e‡k Awf‡hvwRZ K‡i‡Q|
[AvwRgcyi Mft Mvj©m ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, XvKv]
K. cÖRvwZ Kx? 1
[Link]‡`‡k †h cÖvYx †fŠMwjK A‡j Aew¯’Z †m
A‡ji GKwU K‡i G‡ÛwgK Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi bvg
wjL| 2
M.D³ `yB cÖKvi Dw™¢‡`i g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki| 3
N.D³ Dw™¢`¸‡jv wKfv‡e wfbœ wfbœ cwi‡e‡k
wU‡K Av‡Q| 4
4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( cÖRvwZ n‡jv me©vwaK ˆewk‡ó¨i wgj m¤úbœ
GK`j Rxe hv‡`i g‡a¨ †hŠb wgj‡b De©i eskai
Drcbœ nq| A
RxeweÁvb

( evsjv‡`k Iwi‡q›Uvj A‡j Aew¯’Z|

cÖ_g cÎ

Iwi‡q›Uvj A‡ji GKwU K‡i G‡ÛwgK Dw™¢` I

cÖvYxi bvg wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jvÑ
i. ¶z‡` eovjÑ Knema bengalensis
ii. NwoqvjÑ Gavialis gangeticus A
( DÏxc‡K mvwK‡ei M‡elYvi cÖ_g Dw™¢`wU n‡jv
jeYv³ cwi‡e‡ki hv g¨vb‡MÖvf Dw™¢` Ges wØZxq
Dw™¢`wU n‡jv RjR Dw™¢`| †jvbvgvwUi Dw™
¢‡`i KvÊ I cvZv imv‡jv _v‡K wKš‘ wbgw¾Z RjR
Dw™¢‡`i KvÊ big, `ye©j, mi“ I j¤^v ga¨ce©
wewkó nq| A
†jvbvgvwUi Dw™¢‡`i ¯—¤¢g~j ev †Vmg~j _v‡K
Aciw`‡K RjR Dw™¢‡`i g~j myMwVZ nq bv, A‡bK
†¶‡Î g~j _v‡K bv ej‡jB P‡j| †jvbvgvwUi Dw™¢‡`i
k¦vmg~j m„wó nq hv‡K wbD‡g‡Uv‡dvi e‡j wKš‘
RjR Dw™¢‡`i k¦vmg~j _v‡K bv| †jvbvgvwUi Dw™
¢‡`i g~‡j Ges RjR Dw™¢‡`i g~j I Kv‡Ê eo eo
evqyKzVzix _v‡K| Dfq Dw™¢‡` cÖ‡¯^`‡bi nvi Kg
nq| jeYv³ cwi‡e‡ki Dw™¢‡`i RivqyR A¼z‡iv`Mg
nq wKš‘ RjR Dw™¢‡`i Rivqyi A¼z‡iv`Mg nq bv,
Giv A½R Dcv‡q eske„w× K‡i| my›`ix, †MvjcvZv
BZ¨vw` †jvbvgvwUi Dw™¢‡`i D`vniY| Aciw`‡K,
nvBwWªjv, cvZv †kIjv BZ¨vw` RjR Dw™¢‡`i
D`vniY|
( DÏxc‡Ki Dw™¢`¸‡jv A_©vr jeYv³ Dw™¢` I RjR
Dw™¢` Awf‡hvR‡bi gva¨‡g cwi‡e‡k wU‡K _v‡K|
jeYv³ cwi‡e‡ki ev g¨vb‡MÖvf e‡bi gvwUi MfxiZvi
mv‡_ mv‡_ jeYv³Zv e„w× cvq| ZvB Dw™¢‡`i
g~jZš¿ gvwUi Lye Mfx‡i bv wM‡q Dc‡ii ¯—‡iB
we¯—…Z _v‡K| AwaK jeYv³ cvwb †kvlY Ki‡Z
Amyweav nq, ZvB e„wói mg‡q jeYv³Zv wKQyUv
K‡g Avm‡j Dw™¢` `ª“Z cvwb †kvlY K‡i Zv‡`i
c¨v‡ibKvBgv †Kv‡l mÂq K‡i iv‡L| G KviY G‡`i
KvÊ, cvZv I g~j‡K wKQyUv imv‡jv †`Lvq|
Dw™¢‡`i k¦vmg~‡ji †fZ‡i evqyKzVzix _v‡K Ges
†m KzVzix‡Z evqy (O2) a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i| k¦vmg~‡ji
Kvi‡Y g~j I evB‡ii mv‡_ Dw™¢‡`i M¨vmxq
wewbgq mnR nq| †Rvqvi fvUvi mgq cvwbi Uvb‡K
mn¨ K‡i `vwo‡q _vKvi Rb¨ A‡bK Dw™¢‡`
†Vmg~j ev ¯—¤¢g~j _v‡K| jeYv³ gvwU‡Z Ges

RxeweÁvb
†Rvqvi-fvUvi ¯’v‡b exR GK ¯’v‡b wU‡K _vKv

cÖ_g cÎ
KwVb| ZvB eû Dw™¢‡` RivqyR A¼z‡iv`Mg nq|
Aciw`‡K RjR Dw™¢‡`i g~j myMwVZ nq bv,
msw¶ß I `ye©j cÖK…wZi nq| g~‡j g~j‡ivg
Abycw¯’Z| †Kvb †Kvb Dw™¢‡` A¯’vwbK fvmgvb
g~j _v‡K hv Dw™¢`‡K fvm‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
wbgw¾Z Dw™¢‡`i KvÊ big I ¯úÄx nq| ga¨ce©
j¤^v nq| fvmgvb Dw™¢‡`i KvÊ A‡c¶vK…Z Lv‡Uv
I †gvUv nq| gvwU‡Z Ave× Dw™¢‡`i KvÊ ivB‡Rvg
RvZxq I big nq cvZv mvaviYZ cvZjv I big _v‡K
ZvB cvwbi Uv‡b wQ‡o hvq bv| A‡bK Dw™¢‡`i
cÎe„š— ùxZ nq hv Dw™¢`‡K †f‡m _vK‡Z mvnvh¨
K‡i| †hgb- KPzwicvbv| Z¡‡K cyi“ wKDwUKj _v‡K
bv, wbgw¾Z Dw™¢‡`i cvZv I Kv‡Êi Z¡‡K
†K¬v‡ivcv÷ _v‡K| KvÊ I cvZvi Af¨š—‡i eo eo
evqyKzVzix _v‡K| †gKvwbK¨vj wUmy¨, cwienb
wUmy¨ I †÷vgvUv _v‡K bv ej‡jB P‡j| Giv me A½
w`‡qB cvwb †kvlY Ki‡Z cv‡i| AwaKvsk Dw™¢`
A½R Dcv‡q esk e„w× K‡i|
 Dc‡ii ˆewkó¨¸wj MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g Awf‡hvwRZ n‡q
G mKj Dw™¢` wfbœ wfbœ cwi‡e‡k wU‡K _v‡K|
((( c„w_exi e„nËg g¨vb‡MÖvf ebf‚wg my›`ie‡bi
cv‡k wmWi weaŸ¯— kiY‡Lvjv MÖvg| MÖv‡gi
gvby‡li g‡a¨ A‡bKw`b a‡i AvZ¼ weivR Ki‡Q|
cÖvqB iv‡Zi †ejv evN G‡m Zv‡`i Mi“, QvMj
GgbwK gvbyl ch©š— a‡i wb‡q hvq| MÖvgevmx
ivZ †R‡M cvnviv w`‡”Q wKš‘ ev‡Ni Dc`ªe w`b
w`b †e‡oB Pj‡Q|
[miKvwi Rv‡n`v mwdi gwnjv K‡jR, Rvgvjcyi]
K. Rxe-ˆewPΨ Kx? 1
L.B‡KvUz¨wiRg cÖ‡qvRb †Kb? 2
[Link] Kvi‡Y evN eb †Q‡o MÖv‡g Av‡m e¨vL¨v
Ki| 3
[Link] hv‡Z iv‡Z MÖv‡g bv Av‡m Zvi Rb¨ Kx
Kx c`‡¶c †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv|
4
5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( c„w_ex‡Z weivRgvb Rxemg~‡ni mvgwMÖK
msL¨v cÖvPzh© I wfbœZv n‡jv Rxe‰ewPΨ|
RxeweÁvb

( B‡KvUz¨wiRg n‡jv Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi cÖvK…wZK

cÖ_g cÎ

Avevm¯’j †hLv‡b Rxe‰ewPΨ msi¶Y cÖavb

D‡Ïk¨| GQvov †mLv‡b bqbvwfivg `„k¨ msewjZ
GjvKv nIqvq ch©UK‡`i wPË we‡bv`‡bi we‡kl
myweav †`qv nq| †hgb: gvaeKzÛ B‡KvcvK©| A
( DÏxc‡K my›`ieb GKwU e„nr g¨vb‡MÖvf ebvÂj|
GLv‡b i‡q‡Q Mfxi ebf‚wg| i‡q‡Q bvbv cÖKvi
MvQcvjv, eb¨ cïcvwL I RxeRš‘| wmWi G weaŸ¯—
nIqvi Kvi‡Y e‡bi A‡bK cÖvYx gviv †M‡Q hviv
ev‡Ni Lv`¨ wQj| e‡bi H mKj cÖvYx aŸsm nIqvi
Kvi‡Y evN eb †Q‡o Lvev‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ MÖv‡g P‡j
Avm‡Q| †h‡nZz evN gvsmvkx cÖvYx †m‡nZz
Zviv MÖv‡g G‡m K…l‡Ki nv‡ji Mi“, QvMj I †fov
BZ¨vw` GgbwK gvbyl ch©š— a‡i wb‡q hv‡”Q|
Lv‡`¨i Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ eb †_‡K evN MÖv‡g
Av‡m|
( evN hv‡Z MÖv‡g bv Av‡m Zvi Rb¨ †h mKj
c`‡¶c †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv wb‡P eY©bv Kiv n‡jv:
†h‡nZz wmW‡i e‡bi MvQcvjv, cïcvwL I Ab¨vb¨
cÖvYx aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q †m Kvi‡Y e‡bi wfZ‡ii
AwaK MvQcvjv jvMv‡bvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z
K‡i e‡bi MfxiZv Z_v Dw™¢`ivwRi cwigvY Av‡iv
ev‡o Ges eb AwaK MvQMvQvwj c~Y© nq| eb
hw` †ewk Mnxb nq Zvn‡j †mLv‡b bvbvwea
cïcvwL I Ab¨vb¨ RxeRš‘i cwigvY Av‡¯— Av‡¯—
evo‡e| hLb e‡b cïcvwk I RxeRš‘i cwigvY evo‡e
ZLb Avi ev‡Ni Lv‡`¨i Afve n‡e bv| e‡bi RxeRš‘
cïcvwL‡K Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i evN Lv‡`¨i Afve
c~iY Ki‡e| hLb ev‡Ni Lv‡`¨i Afve c~iY n‡e ZLb
Avi evN MÖv‡g Lv‡`¨i Rb¨ Avm‡e bv| ZvQvov
evN †hb MÖv‡g bv Av‡m †mRb¨ mvgvwRKfv‡e
cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e|
(((

[miKvwi GWIqvW© K‡jR, cvebv]

K. wÎwgjb Kx? 1
[Link]‡bvg wm‡Kv‡qÝ Kv‡K e‡j? 2

RxeweÁvb
cÖ_g cÎ
M.DÏxc‡Ki ˆewkó¨ `ywUi e¨vL¨v `vI| 3
N.D³ e‡bi Rxe‰ewPΨ msi¶‡Y ÔBb-wmUzÕ
msi¶YB DËgÕ- hyw³ `vI|4
6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †m‡KÛvwi wbDwK¬qv‡mi mv‡_ GKwU
cysM¨vwg‡Ui wgjb n‡jv wÎwgjb| A
( DNA AYyi Aby‰`‡N©¨ ATGC †em¸‡jv †Kvb
Abyµ‡g mw¾Z _v‡K Zv D`NvUb KivB n‡jv
wR‡bvg wm‡Kv‡qwÝs| GwU AvaywbK
RxecÖhyw³i GKwU D‡jL‡hvM¨ AMÖMwZ| G
cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g BwZg‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki weÁvbxiv
cv‡Ui Rxeb inm¨ D`NvUb K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z bZzb I
DbœZ cÖRvwZi †ivMgy³ cvU Drcv`b Kiv mnR
n‡e| A
( DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ cÖ_g ˆewkó¨wU n‡jv
g¨vb‡MÖvf e‡bi Dw™¢‡`i k¦vmg~j Ges wØZxq
ˆewkó¨wU n‡jv RivqyR A¼z‡iv`Mg| g¨vb‡MÖvf
e‡bi jeYv³ gvwU‡Z cvwb _vKvq †m gvwU‡Z gy³
Aw·‡Rb Kg _v‡K| Ggb cwi‡e‡k wKQy kvLv-
 cÖkvLv g~j gvwUi Dc‡i D‡V Av‡m Ges k¦vm g~j
MVb K‡i| k¦vm g~‡ji wfZ‡i evqy KzVzwi _v‡K Ges
†m KzVzwi‡Z evqy (O2) a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i| k¦vmg~‡ji
Kvi‡Y g~j I evB‡ii cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ M¨v‡mi
wewbgq nq| A
Avevi, jeYv³ gvwU‡Z Ges †Rvqvi fuvUvi ¯’v‡b
exR GK ¯’v‡b wU‡K _vKv KwVb| ZvB eû Dw™¢‡`
exR Mv‡Q _vKv Ae¯’vqB A¼z‡iv`Mg ïay n‡q
j¤^v åƒY g~j m„wó K‡i| g~j GKUz eo I fvix n‡j
gvwU‡Z c‡o Ges Kuv`v gvwU‡Z AvU‡K hvq I
¯’vqx nq| G ai‡bi A¼z‡iv`MgB RivqyR
A¼z‡iv`Mg bv‡g cwiwPZ|
myZivs, ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ ˆewkó¨
`ywU n‡jv g¨vb‡MÖvf e‡bi Dw™¢‡`i wU‡K _vKvi
Rb¨ `ywU Awf‡hvwRZ ˆewkó¨|
( DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ ebwU n‡jv g¨vb‡MÖvf eb| Rxe
‰ewPΨ msi¶Y ev KbRvi‡fkb ej‡Z †evSvq
eZ©gvb RxeKz‡ji myôz i¶Yv‡e¶Y Ges cwiwgZ I
weÁvbm¤§Z e¨envi| Avi Rxe‰ewPΨ msi¶‡Yi
RxeweÁvb

c×wZ `ywU| h_v- Bb wmUz Ges G·-wmUz msi¶Y|

cÖ_g cÎ

g~j cwi‡e‡k Z_v cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki

weeZ©bxq MwZkxj B‡Kvwm‡÷‡g Rxe‰ewPΨ
msi¶Y Kiv‡K ejv nq Bb-wmUz msi¶Y| Ab¨w`‡K,
Rxe‰ewP‡Î¨i Dcv`vbmg~n‡K Zv‡`i g~j
evm¯’vb ev cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki evB‡i euvwP‡q
ivLvB n‡jv G·-wmUz msi¶Y| cÖK…wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv
cÖRvwZ msi¶‡Yi me‡P‡q DËg Dcvq n‡jv †h
evm¯’v‡b †m R‡š§ †mB evm¯’v‡bB Zv‡K
h_vh_fv‡e msi¶Y Kiv| Gi d‡j D³ cÖRvwZi mv‡_
m¤úwK©Z cÖvwYK‚jI msiw¶Z nq| GKwU
wbw`©ó cwi‡e‡k Dw™¢` I cÖvwYK‚‡ji ¯^vfvweK
e„w× I weKv‡ki mv‡_ A‡bK AYyRxe m¤úwK©Z
_v‡K| Gme †¶‡Î †Kvb e‡bi Z_v cwi‡e‡ki Rxe
‰ewPΨ msi¶‡Yi cÖavb Dcvq n‡jv Bb-wmUz
msi¶Y| G·-wmUz msi¶‡Y †Kv‡bv e‡bi Dw™¢`,
cÖvYx GgbwK AbyRxe‡K msi¶Y Kiv †ek KwVb|
DÏxc‡Ki eb Z_v my›`ieb GKwU we‡kl
ˆewkó¨c~Y© eb| GLvbKvi Rjevqy, gvwU, †Rvqvi-
fuvUv, gvwUi jeYv³Zv BZ¨vw`‡K mwVKfv‡e
wbqš¿Y K‡i K…wÎg cwi‡ek ˆZwii gva¨‡g G·-wmUz
cwi‡e‡k Rxe‰ewPΨ msi¶Y Am¤¢e|
myZivs, ejv hvq †h, G e‡bi Rxe‰ewPΨ msi¶‡Y
Bb-wmUz msi¶YB DËg|
((( Dw™¢`weÁvb wefv‡Mi GK`j QvÎQvÎx wk¶v
md‡i wm‡jU hvq| †mLv‡b Zviv kvcjv, dYxgblv
BZ¨vw` Dw™¢` msMÖn K‡i wk¶K‡K †`Lvq| wk¶K
Avi GK cÖKvi Dw™¢` my›`ixi K_v ej‡jb, hv
my›`ie‡b cvIqv hvq| [we G Gd kvnxb K‡jR,
PÆMÖvg]
K. G‡ÛwgK Dw™¢` Kx? 1
[Link]›`ie‡b `ywU Dw™¢‡`i ˆeÁvwbK bvg wjL|
2
M.DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g Dw™¢`wU †h cwi‡e‡k cvIqv
hvq cvwbi cÖvc¨Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i Zvi
†kÖwYwefvM e¨vL¨v Ki|3
N.DÏxc‡Ki Dw™¢`¸‡jv Zv‡`i evm¯’v‡b Kxfv‡e
Awf‡hvwRZ nq, e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †h Dw™¢‡`i ¯^vfvweK we¯—…wZ wbw`©ó
cÖvwY †fv‡MŠwjK A‡ji evB‡i c„w_exi Ab¨

RxeweÁvb
cÖ_g cÎ
†Kv_vI cvIqv hvq bv ZvB G‡ÛwgK Dw™¢`| A
( my›`ie‡bi `ywU Dw™¢‡`i ˆeÁvwbK bvg wb‡P
†`Iqv n‡jv-A
my›`ix - Heritiera fomes
†MvjcvZv- Nipa fruticans
( DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g Dw™¢`wU n‡jv kvcjv hv GKwU
RjR Dw™¢`| cvwbi cÖvc¨Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i RjR
cwi‡e‡ki Dw™¢`¸‡jv‡K 5wU †kÖwY‡Z fvM Kiv
nq| B
gy³ fvmgvb RjR Dw™¢`: †hme Dw™¢‡`i
m¤ú~b© †`n cvwb‡Z fvmgvb _v‡K Ges cvwbi
†mÖvZ ev evZv‡mi Kvi‡Y ¯’vbvš—wiZ nq ZvivB
gy³ fvmgvb RjR Dw™¢`| †hgb-KPzwicvbv|
g~jve× RjR Dw™¢`: †hme Dw™¢‡`i cÎdjK
cvwbi Dc‡i fvmgvb _vK‡jI g~j gvwU‡Z Ave×
_v‡K ZvivB g~jve× fvmgvb RjR Dw™¢`| †hgb-
kvcjv|
wbgw¾Z fvmgvb Dw™¢`: †h me Dw™¢‡`i
†`n m¤ú~Y©fv‡e cvwb‡Z wbgw¾Z _v‡K Ges
g~‡ji mvnv‡h¨ gvwUi mv‡_ Ave× _v‡K Zv‡K
 g~jve× wbgw¾Z RjR Dw™¢` e‡j| †hgb-
cvwbKjv|
gy³ wbgw¾Z Dw™¢`: †h RjR Dw™¢‡`i †`n
m¤ú~Y©fv‡e cvwb‡Z wbgw¾Z wKš‘ g~‡ji
mvnv‡h¨ gvwUi mv‡_ Ave× _v‡K bv Zviv gy³
wbgw¾Z Dw™¢`| †hgb- SuvwS|
DfPi Dw™¢`: †hme Dw™¢‡`i g~j cvwbi wb‡P
gvwU‡Z Ave× _v‡K Ges †`nKvÊ AvswkK ev
m¤ú~Y©fv‡e cvwbi Dc‡i _v‡K Zviv DfPi Dw™¢`|
†hgb- †Kki`vg|
( DÏxc‡Ki kvcjv, dYxgblv I my›`ix h_vµ‡g RjR,
gi“R I jeYv³ Dw™¢`| D³ Dw™¢`¸‡jvi evwn¨K,
Af¨š—ixY I kvixwie„Ëxq Awf‡hvR‡bi Zzjbvg~jK
w`K Zz‡j aiv n‡jv:
RjR Dw™¢‡`i g~j myMwVZ nq bv, msw¶ß I
`ye©j cÖK…wZi nq| gi“R Dw™¢‡`i g~j gvwUi
DcwiZ‡ji KvQvKvwQ ev LyeB Mfx‡i cÖjw¤^Z| Avi
GRb¨B e„wói cvwb †hgb †kvlY Ki‡Z cv‡i †Zgwb
gvwUi Mfx‡i P‡j hvIqv cvwb I †kvlY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Avevi, jeYv³ Dw™¢‡`i f‚Mf©¯’ I evqexq `yB ai‡bi
RxeweÁvb

g~j †`Lv hvq|

cÖ_g cÎ

evqy MÖn‡Yi mnvqZvi Rb¨ wKQy wKQy Dw™

¢‡`i k¦vmg~j MwVZ nq| wbgw¾Z Dw™¢‡`i KvÊ
bgbxq I ¯úwÄ nq| gi“R Dw™¢` cvwb a‡i ivL‡Z
cv‡i KviY G‡`i KvÊ P¨vÞv I imv‡jv| jeYv³ Dw™¢‡`i
Kv‡Êi kvLv-cÖkvLv †_‡K A‡bK mgq †Vmg~j
m„wó nq hv Kv‡Êi fvi enb K‡i| RjR Dw™¢‡`i Z¡‡K
wKDwUKj _v‡K bv KviY cvwbi AcPq †iva Kivi
cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
gi“R Dw™¢‡`i cvZvi wKDwUKj cyi“, KvÊ I cvZvq
†gv‡gi AveiY _v‡K| jeYv³ Dw™¢‡`i cvZv cyi“,
imv‡jv I gm„Y n‡q _v‡K| Avevi, RjR Dw™¢` me
A½ w`‡qB cvwb †kvlY K‡i| gi“R Dw™¢‡`i
AwfmÖewYK Pvc †ewk ZvB cvwb †kvl‡Yi nvi
cwiewZ©Z nq| jeYv³ Dw™¢‡`i AwaK jeYv³ cvwb
†kvlY Ki‡Z mgm¨v nq ZvB e„wói mgq
c¨v‡ibKvBgv †Kv‡l cvwb mÂq K‡i iv‡L| RjR Dw™
¢‡`i cvwb cÖ‡¯^`b nvi A‡bK Kg| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
†¶‡Î nvBWªv‡_v‡Wi gva¨‡g cvwbi wbM©gb K‡i|
gi“R Dw™¢‡`i †÷vgvUv wbgw¾Z nIqvq Ges †ivg
Øviv Ave„Z _vKvq cÖ‡¯^`‡bi nvi n«vm cvq|
jeYv³ Dw™¢` †Rvqvi-fvUvi mgq cvwbi Uvb‡K
mn¨ K‡i `uvwo‡q _v‡K|

RxeweÁvb
cÖ_g cÎ
 ((( †`‡ki `w¶Y cwðgv‡j we‡kl ai‡bi eb Av‡Q| G
e‡bi Dw™¢`ivwR Ab¨vb¨ A‡ji †_‡K c„_K| G
Dw™¢`mg~n GLv‡b we‡klfv‡e Awf‡hvwRZ
n‡q‡Q| [iscyi miKvwi K‡jR]
K. GbRvBg Kx? 1
[Link]‡qvwmm †Kv_vq msNwUZ nq I †Kb? 2
M.DÏxc‡K D‡jwLZ ebv‡j Dw™¢`K‚j wKfv‡e
Awf‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q- eY©bv Ki| 3
[Link]ÂjwUi B‡Kvwm‡÷g gvbem„ó Kvi‡Y
gvivÍKfv‡e wewNœZ n‡”Q- Av‡jvPbv K‡i gš—
e¨ Ki| 4
8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †h †cÖvwUb Rxe‡`‡n AígvÎvq we`¨gvb †_‡K
wewµqvi nvi‡K Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i wKš‘ wewµqvi ci
wb‡Riv AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K Zv‡K GbRvBg e‡j| A
( gv‡qvwmm me©`v Rbb gvZ…‡Kv‡l m¤úbœ
nq| KL‡bv ˆ`wnK †Kv‡l nq bv| wbæ †kÖwYi Rx‡e
gv‡qvwmm nq wb‡l‡Ki ci RvB‡Mv‡U, Avi D”P
†kÖwYi Rx‡e gv‡qvwmm nq wb‡l‡Ki c~‡e© Rbb
RxeweÁvb
cÖ_g cÎ

gvZ…‡Kvl n‡Z M¨vwgU m„wóKv‡j| wWc‡qW

Rx‡e M¨vwgU m„wóKv‡j Rbb gvZ…‡Kv‡l Ges
n¨vc‡qW Rx‡ei RvB‡Mv‡U gv‡qvwmm nq e‡jB
cÖRvwZi esk ci¤úivq wU‡K _v‡K Ges Rxe‡bi
avivevwnKZv i¶v cvq| A
( DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ ebvÂjwU g¨vb‡MÖvf ebvÂj| hvi
Dw™¢`K‚j jeYv³ cwi‡e‡k Awf‡hvwRZ nq| A
gvwUi MfxiZvi mv‡_ mv‡_ jeYv³Zv e„w× cvq,
ZvB AwaKvsk Dw™¢‡`i g~jZš¿ gvwUi Lye Mfx‡i
bv wM‡q gvwUi Dc‡ii ¯—‡iB we¯—…Z _v‡K|
AwaK jeYv³ cvwb †kvlY Ki‡Z Amyweav nq, ZvB
e„wói mgq jeYv³Zv wKQyUv K‡g Avm‡j Dw™¢`
`ª“Z cvwb †kvlY K‡i Zv‡`i c¨v‡ibKvBgv †Kv‡l
mÂq K‡i iv‡L| ZvB g~j, KvÊ I cvZv wKQyUv
imv‡jv †`Lvq| †Rvqvi-fvUvi mgq cvwbi Uvb‡K
mn¨ K‡i `uvwo‡q _vKvi Rb¨ A‡bK Dw™¢‡` ¯—¤
¢g~j ev †Vmg~j _v‡K| k¦vmg~‡ji †fZ‡i
evqyKzVzix _v‡K Ges †m evqy KzVzix‡Z evqy a‡i
ivL‡Z cv‡i| k¦vmg~‡ji Kvi‡Y g~j I evB‡ii mv‡_
M¨v‡mi wewbgq mnR nq| jeYv³ gvwU‡Z Ges
†Rvqvi-fvUvi ¯’v‡b exR GK ¯’v‡b wU‡K _vKv
KwVb| ZvB eû Dw™¢‡` Mv‡Q _vKv Ae¯’vq ex‡Ri
A¼z‡iv`Mg ïi“ n‡q j¤^v åƒYg~j m„wó nq| Dw™
¢‡` _vKv Ae¯’vq d‡ji Af¨š—‡i ex‡Ri A¼z‡iv`Mg‡K
RivqyR A¼z‡iv`Mg e‡j| Gfv‡e Dw™¢`¸‡jv G
ebv‡j Awf‡hvwRZ nq|
( DÏxc‡Ki g¨vb‡MÖvf ebvÂjwUi B‡Kvwm‡÷g
gvbem„ó Kvi‡Y gvivÍKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡”Q|
RbmsL¨v I m¤ú` AvniY cÖeYZv †e‡o hvIqvq
weMZ K‡qK hy‡M A‡c¶vK…Z wbivc` ev¯‘Zš¿¸‡jv
`vi“Yfv‡e msKzwPZ n‡q c‡o|
emwZ webv‡ki d‡j Rxe wejyß n‡”Q| hv
B‡Kvwm‡÷g‡K gvivÍKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯— K‡i| wejyß
eb¨ cÖvwYi A‡bK cÖRvwZB wejyß n‡q‡Q
AbycÖ‡ewkZ cÖRvwZi Kvi‡Y| Lv`¨, Ilya, R¡vjvwb
I Ab¨vb¨ e¨env‡h©i Rb¨ eb, grm¨, eb¨cÖvwY I
m¤ú‡`i AwZ Avni‡Yi
d‡j GKw`‡K Rxe‰ewPΨ K‡g‡Q, Avevi Rx‡ei

RxeweÁvb
wejywß I N‡U‡Q| `yN©Ubv RwbZ g„Zz¨ Rxe

cÖ_g cÎ
‰ewP‡Î¨i Rb¨ GK weivU ûgwK¯^iƒc| cvwb‡Z
eowk we‡a, Rv‡j AvU‡K, wWbvgvBU we‡ùvi‡Yi
d‡j, duv`, Zxi, wel‡Uvc e¨env‡ii d‡j g¨vb‡MÖvf
ebvÂj ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡”Q| cwi‡ek `~l‡Y †hgb-
B`uyibvkK I KxUbvkK e¨env‡i, evqy `~lY,
GwmW e„wói Kvi‡Y Rxe‰ewPΨ aŸsm nq|
wek¦e¨vcx AvenvIqv cwieZ©b I MÖxb nvDm
M¨v‡mi ZviZ‡g¨i Kvi‡Y g¨vb‡MÖvf e‡bi
B‡Kvwm‡÷g gvivÍKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡”Q| gbyl¨
m„ó G KviY¸‡jv B‡Kvwm‡÷g aŸs‡mi g~j KviY|