Math 10
7.1 Slope-Intercept Form
Terminology:
x-intercept: where the line crosses the x-axis. The coordinates will be (x, 0).
y-intercept: where the line crosses the y-axis. The coordinates will be (0, y).
Slope-Intercept Form of a Line Equation:
y = mx + b
Where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.
y 2 - y1 3 - (-1) 4 2
slope ( m ) -
y-intercept: (0, 1) x2 - x1 -3 - 3 -6 3
b=1
Therefore, the equation for this line is
2
y x 1
3
Example 2:
Example 3:
1) Is the following relation linear?
2) What is the equation that represents this relation?
x y
-2 -8
1 1
2 4
4 10
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
Problems:
1. I’m starting a CD company. It will cost you $20 to join and then $10 for each CD you buy.
Write a formula for the cost, C, you will pay for n CD’s. Make a table of values using the
formula. Graph the relation. State the slope and y-intercept.
a) Formula: c)
b)
d) State: Slope:
y-intercept:
2. Make a table of values for y = -3x + 1 and then graph the relation.
Slope:
y-intercept:
3. Rewrite the following equations into slope intercept form:
a) 2x + y = 5 b) 2x – 4y = 7
c) -5x – 2y = -10 d) 2x – 5y + 3 = 0
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
4. State the value of the slope and y-intercept for each of the following linear equations:
5 4 1
a) y 2x 12 b) y x c) y x d) y 1
2 3 4
m m m m
y int y int y int y int
5. Graph the following without a table of values.
3 3
a) y x4 b) y x 3
2 4
y y
x x
6. The equation of a line is y = -2x + b. What is the value of b if the line passes through the point (4, 6)?
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
7. The equation of a line is y = mx – 6. What is the value of m if the line passes through the point (2, -
4)?
8. Determine the equation of each line on this grid:
y
Homework: Textbook, P. 349, Q 1 – 10, 12, 13, 15, 19, 20
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
7.2 General Form of Linear Equation
General form:
Ax + By + C = 0
Where A (whole number) and B are integer coefficients and C is integer constant.
Converting from Slope-intercept to General form:
** A must be positive (whatever is in front of the x must be positive!)
Example:
3
y x4
2
3
2 y 2 x 4
2
2 y 3x 8
3x 2 y 8 0
Try: Convert into General form:
3 2
y x 3 y x 3
1. 4 2. 5
Finding x-intercept and y-intercept
Example: 2x – 5y + 10 = 0 y
a) x-intercept means (x, 0) where y is 0:
2x – 5(0) + 10 = 0
2x = -10
x = -5
x
b) y-intercept means (0, y) where x is 0:
2(0) – 5y + 10 = 0
-5y = -10
y=2
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
Try: Find the x-int, y-int and slope of the following line equation:
1) 2x – 3y +8 = 0 2) 3x + 5y -10 = 0
Notice the pattern from the examples – shortcut to find x-int, y-int and slope:
Horizontal Lines and Vertical Lines:
1) y = -2 y
slope: 0
x –int: none
y-int: -2
2) x = 3 x
slope: undefined
x-int: 3
y-int: none
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
Practice:
1. Put the line 2x + 3y – 12 = 0 into slope-intercept form (ie. Solve for y). State the slope, y-intercept &
x-intercept.
1
2. Put the line y x 3 into standard form.
5
3. If 3x – 4y – 12 = 0. Find the x & y intercepts and graph the line.
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
4. If 2x + 3y – 9 = 0, graph the line by any method.
y
a. table of values
b. slope-intercept form (y = mx + b)
c. find the intercepts
y
5. Graph the lines y = 2 & x = -1
y
6. Graph each of the following lines:
a) x – 3y = 0
b) 2y + 4 = 0
x
c) 3x – 12 = 0
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
7. Given the equation 4x – 3y + 15 = 0, determine the slope and y-intercept.
8. Put the following equations into standard form:
7 3 2
a) y 3x b) y x
2 4 5
9. For the line 2x 5y k 0 , determine the value of k for each condition:
a) x-intercept 4 b) y-intercept -2
Homework : Textbook, p. 365, Q2-5 (odd list), 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19 20
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
7.3 Slope-Point Form
y2 y1
m
x2 x1
m ( x2 x1 ) ( y2 y1 )
y y1 m x x1 Slope-Point Form
Writing an equation with one point and slope
Example: Write the equation of the a line through (-3. 4) and a slope of -2.
y – 4 = -2 [x – (-3)]
y – 5 = -2 (x + 3)
1
Try: For the line through (5, -2) and a slope of . Write the equation in:
2
a) slope-point form: b) slope-intercept form c) general form
Determining the equation with two points:
Example:
Write the equation of a line through (2. 4) and (-1. 6).
64 2
m
1 2 3
y – 4 = 2 (x – 2)
3
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
Try: For the line through (3, -5) and (-1, -4). Write the equation in:
a) slope-point form b) slope-intercept form c) general form
Problems:
1) Find the equation of a line in slope-point form with slope 4 that passes through the point (2, 3).
2) Find the equation of a line in slope- intercept form with slope 2/3 that passes through the point
(-1, 3)
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
3) Find the equation of a line in general form with a y-intercept of –2 and passing through the
point (8, -3)
4) Find the equation of a line that passes through the points (3, 4) and (-2, 1)
5) Is the point (2, 3) on the line 3x – 2y + 15 = 0?
6) Find the equation of a line with a x-intercept of –2 and passing through the point (3, -4)
Homework: Textbook, p. 377, Q1 (b, f), 2(c, d), 3(b, d), 5(c, d), 6(a, d), 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
7.4 Parallel and Perpendicular Lines I (p. 383 – 395)
y
Exploration:
Graph the following 3 line equations:
1) y = 2x – 1
2) y = 2x + 3
1
y 2 x
3) 2
What do you notice?
Properties of Parallel Lines:
Same slope, different y-intercept
Properties of Perpendicular Lines
Slopes are Negative Recipocals, different y-intercept
Graph the line segments A(-2, 1) B(2, 3) and C(3, 0) D(5, 1) and E(0, 2) F(2, -2).
y Calculate the slopes of line segments AB, CD and EF.
How are the slopes of AB and CD related?
How are the slopes of AB and EF related?
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
Definitions:
1) If the slopes are the same (equal), then the segments are:
2) If the slopes are negative reciprocals, then the segments are:
Practice and Problems:
2
a) Draw a line through (-2, 1) with slope
3
b) Draw a line through (3, 1) parallel
to the line in (a)
x
c) Draw a line through (1, -2) perpendicular
to the line in (a)
d) Identify the equations of all 3 lines.
More Examples:
3 5
1) Write a perpendicular slope for the given slope: a) b)
2 2
2) Determine if ABCD is a parallelogram, if A(-3, 2) B(2, 5), C(0, -1), D(-5, -4),
B
A
C
D
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
3) A line passes through the points (-3, 0) and (4, 1).
a) Find the slope of a line perpendicular to this line.
b) If the 2 lines intersect on point (4, 1). What are the equations of the 2 lines?
4) Line #1 passes through the points (6, 3) and (1, -2). Line #2 passes through the points (-
1, 4) and (8, k) and it is perpendicular to Line #1. Calculate the value of k.
6
5) The following are slopes of parallel lines. Find the value of the variable. 2,
m
2 x
6) The following are slopes of perpendicular lines. Find the value of the variable. ,
3 4
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
7) Write the equation of a line that passes through each point and is perpendicular to
each line:
a) y = -3x + 7, (-2, 5) b) 6x – 2y + 10 = 0, (3, -5)
c) x – 5 = 0, (-1, -8) d) y = -5, (4, -6)
8) Determine if triangle ABC is a right-angled triangle, if A(-4, -2), B(2, 1) and C(1, 3).
Homework:, Textbook, p. 390, Q2 (even), 4 (even), 6 (even), 7 (even), 9
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
7.4 Parallel and Perpendicular Lines II (p. 383 – 390)
More Practice!
1) Indicate which pair of line segments is perpendicular:
a) (-1, 4), (2, 6) & (5, 7), (7, 4)
b) (6, -1), (-4, 7) & (1, 2), (5, -3)
2) Find the slope of the line perpendicular to the line segment with endpoints:
a) (4, 7), (-1, -4) b) (-2, 7), (4, -8)
3
3) One line segment has a slope of . Find the missing coordinate so that the second
2
line segment is perpendicular to the first line.
a) (2, -5), (x, -7) b) (-3, -2), (0, y) c) (-4, y), (-7, 2)
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
4) The following ratios represent the respective slopes of perpendicular lines. Solve for the
missing value:
2 x x 3 4 5
a) , b) , c) ,
3 5 2 5 x 8
m
6) The slopes of two parallel lines are –3 and . Find the value of m.
5
7) Determine if ABCD is a rectangle, if A(-2, 5), B(2, 4), C(-1, 2) and D(-5, 3)
8) Line #1 passes through (-3, -2) and (2, 8). Line #2 passes through (-6, 4) and (-2, k) and
is perpendicular to line #1. Find k
9) Find the equation of the line perpendicular to y – 2 = 0 if the intersection is (4, 2)?
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs
Math 10
10) Line 2x – y -3 = 0 intersects a perpendicular line at the y-intercept. Find the equation of
the second line.
11) Find the point of intersection of two perpendicular lines: 3x + y – 1 = 0 and x – 3y -7 = 0.
12) Line 5x + 2y -10 = 0 intersects a perpendicular at the x-intercept. Find the equation of
the second line.
13) Line AB is parallel to Line CD. The coordinates are A(6, 3), B(2, 9), C(2, 3) and D is on
the y-axis. Determine the equations for both lines.
Homework: Texbook, p. 392, Q10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 22
Chapter 7 – Linear Equations and Graphs