Example Problem

1. Show the relationship b/n duty and delta

Solution
Let
Base period = B days
Area = D hectares
Delta = 
Discharge Q = 1 cumecs
The volume of water applied to crop during B days
V = Q * Base period = 1*B*60*60*24 = 86 400 B cubic meters
V = Area * Delta = D*104*
Equating both equations, D*104* = 1*B*60*60*24
8.64 𝐵 8.64 𝐵
D= , in ha/cumecs = , in m
 D

2. Find the delta for a crop when its duty is 864 ha/cumecs on the field the base period of a crop
is 120 days
Solution
8.64 𝐵 8.64∗ 120
= = = 1.2m
D 864

3. A channel is to be designed for irrigating 5000 ha in kharif crop and 4000 ha in rabi crop. The
water requirement for kharif and rabi are 60 cm and 25 cm respectively. The crop period for
kharif is 3 weeks and for rabi is 4 weeks.
Solution
Discharge for kharif crop,  = 60cm = 0.6m, B = 3 weeks = 21 days
8.64∗21
Duty = = = 302.4 ha/cumecs
0.6

Area to be irrigated = 5000 ha

5000
Required discharge Q = = 16.53 cumecs
302.4

Discharge for rabi crop,  = 25cm = 0.25m, B = 4 weeks = 28 days

8.64∗28
Duty = = = 967.68 ha/cumecs
0.25
 Area to be irrigated = 4000 ha
4000
Required discharge Q = = 4.13 cumecs
967.68

4. A discharge of 15 cumec is released at the head of the canal. If the duty at the field is 1800
ha/cumec and the losses in the transit are 30%, determine the area that can be irrigated.
Solution:
Discharge at field=0.7*15=10.5cumec
Irrigated area=1800*10.5=18,900ha
5. The base period, duty of water and area under irrigation for various crops under a canal system
are given in the table below. If the losses in the reservoir and canals are respectively 15%, 25%,
determine the reservoir capacity.
Crop Wheat Sugarcane Cotton Rice Vegetables
Base period 120 320 180 120 120
B (days)
Duty D 1800 1600 1500 800 700
(ha/cumec)
Area irrigated 1500 10000 5000 7500 5000
(ha)

Solution: Calculation is done on table

Crop Wheat Sugarcane Cotton Rice Vegetables Sum
=
8.64 𝐵
, 0.567 1.725 0.972 1.296 1.481
D
m
Volume of 8640 17280 4860 9720 7410 47910
water =
*Airr ,(ha-
m

Total volume of water 47,910 ha-m

47910
Volume at head of canal = = = 63880 ha-m
0.75
63880
Volume of reservoir = = 75150 ha-m
0.85

6. Maize crop planted on March 1. The total duration of the growing season of the crop is 4.5
months. The evapotranspiration of the crop has been determined using one of the methods. The
Kc values and effective rain fall during each decade have been determined. If there is appreciable
contribution from the ground water and carry over soil moisture can also include. For this
particular example, the above two mentioned contributions except effective rainfall have been
assumed to be nil.
Solution
Mont De Stage Kc Eto ETc ETc Peff NIR NIR
h c (mm/da (mm/da (mm/de (mm/de (mm/de (mm/da
y) y) c) c) c) y)
Marc 1 Ini 0.3 4.00 1.20 12 0 12.00 1.20
h 0
2 Ini 0.3 4.20 1.26 12.6 0 12.60 1.26
0
3 Ini 0.3 3.90 1.17 11.7 0 11.70 1.17
0
April 1 Dev 0.5 3.80 1.90 19 4 15.00 1.50
0
2 Dev 0.8 4.20 3.36 33.6 4 29.60 2.96
0
3 Dev 1.0 4.10 4.10 41 4 37.00 3.70
0
May 1 Dev/Mi 1.0 3.90 3.90 39 2.5 36.50 3.65
d 0
2 Mid 1.0 3.80 3.80 38 2.5 35.50 3.55
0

7. For the data below determine depth & interval of irrigation during different stages. Depth of
the root zone = 1m, FC=20%, PWP = 8% Dry density of soil=1.6gm/cm3 and density of water
=1gm/cm3. The rates of consumptive use during different stages are as follows. A depletion of
50% during initial period, 60% during development and mid–season stage and 70% during late
season stage is allowable.
Solution
Month June July August September
Dec 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Stage Ini Ini Ini/de Dev Dev Dev Mid Mid Mid Late Late Late
v
ETcrop 3.5 3.5 5.0 5.2 5.8 6.50 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.2 6.0 5.80
(mm/da
y)
Root 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80
depth
(m)
Depleti 0.5 0.5 0.50 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7
on
 Fractio
n (P)
Depth 28.8 28.8 38.4 57.6 69.1 80.6 92.1 92.1 92.1 107.5 107.5 107.5
of 0 0 0 2 4 6 6 6 2 2 2
irrigatio
n (mm)
Interval 8 8 7 11 11 12 13 13 13 17 17 18
of
irrigatio
n (days)

8. A stream size of 150 lit/sec was released from the diversion headwork to irrigate a land of area
1.8 hectares. The stream size when measured at the delivery to the field channels is 120 lit/sec.
The stream continued for some hours. The effective root zone depth is 1.80m. The application
losses in the field are estimated to be 440m3. The depth of water penetration was 1.80m and
1.20m at the head and tail of the run respectively. The available water holding capacity of the soil
is 21cm/m and irrigation was done at 60% depletion of AM. Find Ec, Ef, Ea, Es and Ed. The
stream size delivered to the plot was 100 lit/sec.
Solution
𝑤𝑓 120 𝑙/𝑠
Ec = 𝑤𝑑 ∗ 100 = 150 ∗ 100 = 80%
𝑙/𝑠

𝑤𝑝 100 𝑙/𝑠
Ef = ∗ 100 = ∗ 100 = 83.3%
𝑤𝑓 120 𝑙/𝑠

100∗60∗60∗8
Water delivered to the plot = = 2880m3
1000

Water stored in the root zone = 2880m3 – Application losses

=2880m3 - 440m3 = 2440 m3
𝑤𝑠 2440
Ea = 𝑤𝑝 *100 = 2880 *100 = 84.7 %

Total A.M = 21 cm/m x 1.80m = 37.80cm

60
RAM = 100*37.80 cm = 22.68 cm