Name of Student: _______________________________ Block: _______________

MODULE IN THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES

(MIDTERM COVERAGE)

COURSE TITLE: CAD103 THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES

COURSE UNITS: 3 UNITS

COURSE DESCRPTION: The course covers the review on laws on human rights,
different forms of human rights violation, government programs for the welfare of
the victims, treatment models, and the developmental aspects of therapeutic
modalities.

PROGRAM INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (PILO)

A graduate of BS Criminology shall be able to:

1. Conduct criminological research on crimes, crime causation, victims, and offenders to
include deviant behavior;
2. Internalize the concepts of human rights and victim welfare;
3. Demonstrate competence and broad understanding of law enforcement
administration, public safety, and criminal justice;
4. Utilize criminalistics or forensic science in the investigation and detection of crime;
5. Apply the principles and jurisprudence of criminal law, evidence, and criminal
procedure; and
6. Ensure offender’s welfare and development for their reintegration to the community.

COURSE INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (CILOs)

CILO 1 - Explain, apply, and critique the rehabilitation and reformation programs of the
BJMP, Provincial Jails, BUCOR, and other similar facilities
CILO 2 - Apply and critique the re-integration programs of the PDLs of BJMP,
Provincial Jails, BUCOR, and other similar facilities to the community, and the
relevant community policies and laws on former PDLs.
CILO 3 - Explain the rehabilitation programs, reintegration programs and promotion of
human rights programs among the PDLs across all institutions.
CILO 4 - Demonstrate understanding of program implementation, including phases,
standards, and best practices of therapeutic modalities such as Therapeutic
Communities and Behavioral Management.
CILO 5 on Internationalization - Recognize the importance of Philippine Therapeutic
Modalities practices versus those of other countries.
CILO 6 on Gender and Development and other SGDs - Give importance to the
different sectors of offenders like female, pregnant women, PWDs, children, male,
female, transgender under the different laws on protecting victims;
SDG 3- Good health and well-being
SDG 4- Quality Education
SDG 5 - Gender Equality
 SDG 16- Peace, Justice and strong Institution
COURSE REQUIREMENTS:
 Quizzes
 Oral recitation/ Active participation
 Term test
 Attendance
 Research/Reaction/Reflection Paper

WEEK 7

Topics:
 Victims Compensation Program
 Restorative Justice

VICTIMS COMPENSATION PROGRAM

What is the law creating the Board of Claims?
Republic Act No. 7309 is the law creating the Board of Claims under the Department of
Justice granting compensation for victims of unjust imprisonment or detention and
victims of violent crimes.

What is the rationale for the enactment of the law?

One of the more vexing problems in the area of justice and human rights is the
implementation of the constitutional provision against the deprivation of life, liberty and
property without due process of law. Persons have been accused and imprisoned for
crimes they did not commit, only to be subsequently acquitted. Government and society
have become notably indifferent to victims of crimes and criminals. A judicial way of
filing a claim for compensation may be too long. Congress opted for an administrative
procedure of filing the claims by creating the Board of Claims.

Who may apply for compensation?

1. A person who was unjustly accused convicted and imprisoned and subsequently
released by virtue of a judgment of acquittal;
2. A person who was unjustly detained and released without being charged;
3. A person who is a victim of arbitrary detention by the authorities as defined in the
Revised Penal Code under a final judgment of the court; or
4. A person who is a victim of a violent crime which includes rape and offenses
committed with malice which resulted in death or serious physical and/or psychological
injuries, permanent incapacity or disability, insanity, abortion, serious trauma, or
committed with torture, cruelty or barbarity.
When should a claim be filed?
The claim should be filed with the Board by the person entitled to compensation under
this Act within six (6) months are being released from imprisonment or detention or from
the date he suffered damage or injury; Otherwise he is deemed to have waived his
claim.
How is a claim filed?
A claimant may file a claim with the board by filling up an application form provided for
the purpose with the Secretariat of the Board of Claims, Department of Justice.
Thereafter, he will be interviewed and he will be duly notified of the action taken by the
Board.

How much is given to a qualified applicant?

1. For the victims of unjust imprisonment, the compensation shall be based on the
number of months of imprisonment and every fraction thereof shall be considered one
month, but in no case shall such compensation exceed ONE THOUSAND PESOS
(P1,000.00) per month.
2. In all other cases the maximum for which the Board may approved a claim shall not
exceed TEN THOUSAND PESOS (P10,000.00) or the amount necessary to reimburse
the claimant the expenses incurred for hospitalization, medical treatment, loss of wage,
loss of support or other expenses directly related to the injury, whichever is lower to
be determined by the Board.

May the decision of the Board of Claims be appealed?

Yes, Section 8 provides that: "Any aggrieved claimant may appeal, within fifteen (15)
days from receipt of the resolution of the Board, to the Secretary of Justice whose
decision shall be final and executory."

Philippine Act on Crimes Against International Humanitarian Law, Genocide, and

Other Crimes Against Humanity.
Chapter VI: Protection of Victims and Witnesses
Section 13. Protection of Victims and Witnesses. - In addition to existing provisions in
Philippine law for the protection of victims and witnesses, the following measures shall
be undertaken:
(a) The Philippine court shall take appropriate measures to protect the safety, physical
and physiological well-being dignity and privacy of victims and witnesses. In so doing,
the court shall have regard of all relevant factors, including age, gender and health, and
the nature of the crime, in particular, but not limited to, where the crime involves sexual
or gender violence or violence against children. The prosecutor shall take such
measures particularly during the investigation and prosecution of such crimes. These
measures shall not be prejudicial to or inconsistent with the rights of the accused
and to a fair and impartial trial;

(b) As an exception to the general principle of public hearings, the court may, to protect
the victims and witnesses or an accused, conduct any part of the proceedings in
camera or allow the presentation of evidence by electronic or other special means. In
particular, such measures shall be implemented in the case of the victim of sexual
violence or a child who is a victim or is a witness, unless otherwise ordered by the court,
having regard to all the circumstances, particularly the views of the victim or witness;

(c) Where the personal interests of the victims are affected, the court shall permit their
views and concerns to be presented and considered at stages of the proceedings
determined to be appropriate by the court in manner which is not prejudicial to or
inconsistent with the rights of the accused and a fair and impartial trial. Such views and
concerns may be presented by the legal representatives of the victims where the court
considers it appropriate in accordance with the established rules of procedure and
evidence; and
(d) Where the disclosure of evidence or information pursuant to this Act may lead to the
grave endangerment of the security of a witness for his/her family, the prosecution may,
for the purposes of any proceedings conducted prior to the commencement of the trial,
withhold such evidence or information and instead submit a summary thereof. Such
measures shall be exercised in a manner which is not prejudicial to or inconsistent with
the rights of the accused and to a fair and impartial trial.
Article 75 Reparation to Victims
1. The Court shall establish principles relating to reparations to, or in respect of, victims,
including restitution, compensation and rehabilitation. On this basis, in its decision the
Court may, either upon request or on its own motion in exceptional circumstances,
determine the scope and extent of any damage, loss and injury to, or in respect of,
victims and will state the principles on which it is acting.

2. The Court may make an order directly against a convicted person specifying
appropriate reparations to, or in respect of, victims, including restitution, compensation
and rehabilitation. Where appropriate, the Court may order that the award for
reparations be made through the Trust Fund
provided for in article 79.

3. Before making an order under this article, the Court may invite and shall take account
of representations from or on behalf of the convicted person, victims, other interested
persons or interested States.
4. In exercising its power under this article, the Court may, after a person is convicted of
a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court, determine whether, in order to give effect to
an order which it may make under this article, it is necessary to seek measures under
article 93, paragraph 1.

5. A State Party shall give effect to a decision under this article as if the provisions of
article 109 were applicable to this article.

WHAT IS RESTORATIVE JUSTICE?

Restorative Justice is a process through which remorseful offenders accept
responsibility for their misconduct, particularly to their victims and to the community. It
creates obligation to make things right through proactive involvement of victims,
ownership of the offender of the crime and the community in search for solutions which
promote repair, reconciliation and reassurance. Thus, the restorative justice process is
actively participated in by the victim, he offender, and/or any individual or community
member affected by the crime to resolve conflicts resulting from the criminal offense,
often with the help of a fair and impartial third party. Examples of restorative process
include mediation, conferencing, sentencing support circle and the like. The restorative
outcome is the agreement obtained as a product of a restorative justice process.
Examples of restorative outcomes include restitution, community work service and any
other program or response designed to accomplish reparation of the victim, and the
reintegration of the victims and/or offenders.

HOW WAS RESTORATIVE JUSTICE ADOPTED IN THE PHILIPPINES?

The Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, of which the Philippines is
a member-country, through a draft solution, recommended to the Economic and Social
Council of the United Nations Organization (UNO), the adoption of the "Basic Principles
on the Use of Restorative Justice Programs in Criminal Matters". The said document is
a formulation of UN Standard in the field of mediation and restorative justice. The
Philippines, being a signatory member-country should ensure adoption of this resolution
Consequently, the goal of the government is to establish 4 more enlightened and
humane correctional system that will promote the reformation of offenders and thereby
reduce the incidence of recidivism. This is in line with the applicable laws, rules, and
policies mandating this Agency to administer the Parole and Probation System in the
country. As Such, the Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) is empowered to
create innovative policies, programs, and activities to facilitate the reintegration of its
clientele into the mainstream of society and consequently prevent the commission of
crime. Therefore, PPA adopts Restorative Justice as one of its rehabilitation programs
which utilizes restorative processes and aims to achieve restorative outcomes.
WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE AS A REHABILITATION
PROGRAM OF PPA?
Reintegration of the offenders to the social mainstream and encouraging them to
assume active responsibility for the injuries inflicted to the victims; Proactive
involvement of the community to support and assist in the rehabilitation of victims and
offenders; Attention to the needs of the victims, survivors and other persons affected by
the crime as participating stakeholders in the criminal justice system, rather than mere
objects or passive recipients of services of intervention that may be unwanted,
inappropriate or ineffective; Healing the effects of the crime or wrongdoing suffered by
the respective stakeholders; and Prevention of further commission of crime and
delinquency.

HOW IS RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IMPLEMENTED IN PPA?

A. During the Investigation Stage
Information such as victims' version of the offense, effect of victimization to their lives,
families, future, and plans, and victims appreciation on how the damage/harm inflicted
by the crime can be repaired and healed are gathered to serve as input in the post-
sentence investigation (PSI) or pre-parole/executive clemency investigation (PPI)
reports prepared by the investigating officer to be submitted to the Court and the Board
of Pardons and Parole respectively. These data are vital in the conduct of restorative
justice processes during the supervision phase. Soliciting stakeholders' interest for their
introduction to the restorative process commences during this stage.
B. During the Supervision Stage
Restorative Justice Program is a part of the client which is incorporated in the client's
Supervision Treatment Plan (STP). In applying the various restorative justice processes
for the client's rehabilitation, the supervising officer observes the following points:
The parties are brought within the program out of their own volition. Parties have
the right to seek legal advice before and after the restorative justice process; Before
agreeing to participate in the restorative justice process, the parties are fully informed of
their rights, the nature of the process, and the possible consequences of their decision;
Neither the victim nor the offender is induced by unfair means to participate in
restorative justice processes or outcomes; Discussion in restorative justice processes
should be highly confidential and should not be disclosed subsequently, except with the
consent of the parties, and should not be used against the parties involved; Where no
agreement can be made between the parties, the case is withdrawn from the restorative
justice process; and In the event agreement is reached by parties, it is put in writing to
give substance/essence to the agreement. The failure to Implement any provision of the
agreement made in the course of the restorative justice process is a basis for the
withdrawal of the case from the program.
WHAT ARE THE ROLES OF THE PROBATION AND PAROLE OFFICERS IN THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE?
A Probation and Parole Officer assigned to handle investigation and supervision
caseloads acts as restorative justice planner. As such, he/she undertakes the following
responsibilities:
1. Identifies and recommends to the Chief Probation and Parole Officer (CPPO)
potential case for Peacemaking Encounter;
2. Conduct dialogue to explore the possibility of restorative justice process;
3. Coordinates/collaborates with responsible members and leaders of community for
their participation in the conference;
4. Serves as facilitator-strength in the conference;
5. Assists in healing process of stakeholders based on the Supervision Treatment Plan;
and
6. Prepares case-notes reflective of restorative justice values and utilizing the following
points:
>Impact of crime and effect of victimization
> Victim inputs and involvement opportunities
> Offender opportunity to take direct responsibility for the harm inflicted on the victim
and/or the community.

A CPPO engages in the following responsibilities:

1. Approves cases for Peace Encounter Conference and issues office orders; and
2. Implements and monitors plans and agreements achieved during the conference and
sets direction to realize success of the process.

WHAT ARE THE PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS TO BE OBSERVED IN APPLYING

THE RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PROCESSES TO RESOLVE CONFLICTS ARISING
FROM THE CRIMINAL OFFENSE?

The clients must admit the offense to be eligible for the conference, and if possible, they
should be encouraged to take full responsibility;
A personal visit by the Restorative Justice planner may be necessary to solicit
interest and willingness of stakeholders to participate in the restorative process;
The victims' preference for the time, date and place of the Restorative Justice
planners should also get in touch with meeting should be given greatest weight;
community strengths to serve as facilitator like local officials, members of the Lupon
Tagapamayapa or any responsible respected personalities in the locality;
 A pre-conference meeting with the selected facilitators prior to the actual conduct
of peace encounter conference should be set to carefully plan for all the details, from
the sitting arrangements and refreshments to the box of tissue papers which incidentally
would let participants know that display of emotions is okay;

A pre-conference meeting could likewise be arranged separately with individual

stakeholders to explain the process and other vital details of the conference;

The Restorative Justice planner should ensure that everyone knows how to get
to the location site of the conference;

Facilitators should ensure that the conference shall be conducted without

interruption in a comfortable location and shall secure the safety of all stakeholders;
Stakeholders shall also be consulted relative to the composition of the panel of
facilitators. Any party may move to oppose the inclusion of persons by reason of
relationship, bias, interest or other similar grounds that may adversely affect the
process; and
Indigenous system of settling differences or disputes shall accordingly be
recognized and utilized to conform with the customs and tradition of that particular
cultural community.

WHAT ARE THE RESTORATIVE JUSTICE MODELS THAT CAN BE APPLIED IN

PPA?
Peacemaking Encounter
Peacemaking Encounter is a community-based gathering that brings the victim, the
victimized community, and the offender together. It supports the healing process of the
victims by providing a safe and controlled setting for them to meet and speak with the
offender on a confidential and strictly voluntary basis. It also allows the offender to learn
about the impact of the crime to the victim and his/her family, and to take direct
responsibility for his/her behavior Likewise, it provides a chance for the victim and the
offender to forge a mutually acceptable plan that addresses the harm causer
by the crime.

As a community-based decision model, Agency Peacemaking Encounter is being

implemented through the following processes:
1. Victim/Offender Mediation - a process that provides interested victim an opportunity
to meet face-to-face his/her offender in a secured and structured setting or atmosphere
with the help of a trained mediator, and engage in a discussion of the past offense and
its impact to his/her life. Its goal is to support the healing process of the victim and allow
the offender to learn the impact of his/her offense on the victim's physical, emotional
and financial existence, and take direct responsibility for his/her behavior by mutualy
developing a Restorative Justice plan that addresses the harm caused by the said
offense.
2. Conferencing - a process which involves community of people most affected by the
crime- the victim and the offender and their families, the affected community members
and trained facilitators and community strength- in a restorative discussion of issues
and problems arising from an offense or coincidence which affects community
relationship and tranquility. Facilitated by a trained facilitator, the above parties are
gathered at their own volition to discuss how they and others have been harmed by the
offense or conflict, and how that harm may be repaired and broken relationship may be
restored.
3. Circle of Support - a community directed process organized by the field office and
participated in by the clients, the Volunteer Probation Aides (VPAS) and selected
members of the community in the discussion of the offense and its impact. Within the
circle, people freely speak from the heart in a shared search for understanding the
incident, and together identify the steps necessary to assist in the reconciliation and
healing of all affected parties and prevent future crime or conflict.
In the Agency, the circle of support is facilitated by trained Probation and Parole
Officers, Volunteer Probation Aides or selected community leaders who offered their
services free of charge to serve as facilitator or keeper.

In implementing this process, the probation and parole officer should be the facilitator
who is sensitive to the needs of the victim. Likewise, the probation and parole officer
should exert effort to protect the safety and interest of the victim.

WHAT ARE THE OUTCOMES OR INTERVENTIONS WHICH CAN BEAGREED

UPON DURING THE RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PROCESS?
As a result of the restorative justice process, the following outcomes or interventions
may be agreed upon by parties in a Restorative Justice discussion, such as, but not
limited to:

A. Restitution
Restitution is a process upon which the offender accepts accountability for the financial
and/or non-financial losses he/she may have caused to the victim. Restitution is a "core"
victim's right which is very crucial in assisting the redirection of the victim's life. Part of
the conditions of probation as imposed by the Court is the payment of civil liability to
indemnify the victim of the offender, and to inculcate to the offender a sense of
responsibility and obligation towards the community.
Consequently, the probation and parole officer should see to it that the offender
complies with this condition.

B. Community Work Service

Community Work Service, whether imposed as a condition of offender's conditional
liberty or integral part of his treatment plan, should be purposely motivated to make the
offender realize that he she incurred an obligation to make things right. In its application,
the offender can be subjected to perform work service measures, including, but not
limited to any of the following:
Mentoring and Intergenerational Service-offenders will develop their nurturing needs
thru caring for other people; example: with senior citizens, with orphanages, or with
street children.
Economic Development-to link directly with the business project; examples: cleaning
downtown area, tree planting, maintenance of business zones, housing restoration,
garbage and waste management, cleaning of esteros, recycling, construction, repair of
streets, and the like.
Citizenship and Civic participation-experiential activities which involve solving
community problems; examples: puppet shows that showcase values, street dramas,
peer counseling.
Helping the Disadvantaged- this will enhance offender's self- esteem; examples: assist
handicapped, assist in soup kitchen, tutor peers, visit the aged in jail and hospitals.
Crime Prevention Project - examples: Brgy. Ronda, giving testimony to the youth.
The probation and parole officer should ensure the adoption of these community work
services to facilitate the reintegration of the offender in the community.

C. Counseling (whether individual, group or family)

It will enhance client's interpersonal relationship and it will help him/her become more
aware of his/her shortcomings/weaknesses. This will also help him/her overcome
painful experiences that drove him/her to commit a crimel offense.
D. Attendance to trainings, seminars and lectures
E. Participation in education, vocation or life skills program
F. Group Therapy Session
An intervention which provides recovering drug dependents or those with serious
behavioral problems an opportunity to discuss their problems.
G. Spiritual development session/faith-based session
H. Submisslon to psychologlcal/psychiatric assessment
I. Submission to drug testdrug dependency examination
J. Attendance to skills training/livelihood assistance program
K. Marital enhancement program
L. Written or oral apology
M. Submission to family therapy session
 This session aims to develop healthy personal relationship within the family and
to establish open positive communication between family members and significant
others. Family members should be oriented in their individual responsibilities and roles.
N. Confinement in Drug Treatment Rehabilitation Center Including Aftercare

Learning Activities
 Graded Recitation
 Library Work

WEEK 8

Topics:
CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION
 Reintegration Programs of the PDL’s of BJMP, Provincial Jail, BuCor and other
similar facilities.
 Community Policies and related laws on former PDL’s

Corrections in the Philippine Setting

CORRECTIONS - is the fourth pillar of the Criminal Justice System composed of two
major and equally significant components:

1. Institution-Based Corrections (Institutional Corrections); and

2. Community-Based Corrections (Non-Institutional Corrections).

The three executive departments of the government. (Implementation)

1. DOJ - manages the national prisoners

A. Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR) - with a principal task of the rehabilitation of
prisoners so they can become useful members of society upon completion of their
service of sentence.
B. Board of Pardons and Parole (BPP) - recommends to the President the prisoners
who are qualified for parole, pardon, or other forms of executive clemency in the form of
reprieve, commutation of sentence, conditional pardon, and absolute pardon.
C. Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) - conducts post-sentence
investigation of petitioners for probation as referred by the courts, as well as pre-
parole/pre-executive clemency investigation to determine the suitability of the offender
to be reintegrated in the community instead of serving their sentence inside an
institution or prison; exercise general supervision over all parolees and probationers and
promotes the correction and rehabilitation of offenders outside the prison institution

2. DILG - manages inmates who are undergoing investigation, awaiting or undergoing

trial, awaiting final judgment, and those who are convicted by imprisonment of up to
three (3) years.
A. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) has jurisdiction over all municipal,
city, and district jails nationwide.
B. Provincial Local Government Unit operates all provincial jails.
C. Philippine National Police (PNP) likewise maintains detention facilities in its different
police stations nationwide.
3. DSWD - manages sentenced youth offenders.

Philippine Prison System

1. Bureau of Corrections - under the administration of the Department of Justice - It was

renamed from Bureau of Prisons by Executive Order 292 passed during the Aquino
administration. It states that the head of the Bureau of Correction is the Director of
Prisons who is appointed by the President of the Philippines with the confirmation of
the Commission on Appointment.

National Prison/Insular Prison

1. Bureau of Prisons/Corrections-Muntinlupa City
A. NBP - Maximum Security Prison
B. Camp Sampaguita - Medium Security Prison
C. Camp Bukang Liwayway - Minimum Security Prison
2. Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC)
3. Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) - Mandaluyong City
4. Penal Colonies:
a. Iwahig Prison and Penal farm in Palawan
b. Davao Prison and Penal farm in Davao del Norte
c. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm in Zamboanga City
d. Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in Occidental Mindoro.
e. Leyte Regional Prison in Abuyog Leyte.
Standard on Treatment and Rehabilitation of Prisoners/Inmate/PDL
A. Safety and Orderly
Security – it involves safety measures to maintain orderliness and discipline within the
jail or prison.
Prison Discipline – It is the state of good order and behavior. It includes maintenance
of good standards of work, sanitation, safety, education, health, and recreation. It aims
at self-reliance, self-control, self-respect, and self-discipline.

Preventive Discipline – is the prompt correction of minor deviations committed by

prisoners before they become serious violations.
Control – It involves the supervision of prisoners to ensure punctual and orderly
movement from one place work program or assignment to another.
Aims of Institutional Security and Control
1. Prevention of Escapes
2. Control of Contrabands
3. Maintenance of good order.

Essential Requisites for Sound Custody, Security and Control

1. Adequate system of classification of prisoners
2. Regular inspections
3. Adequate system of counting
4. Set of rules of control and safety precautions
5. Plan for the control of contraband and equipment
6. Keying system
7. Emergency plans

Disciplinary Board
The board is tasked to implement discipline inside the jails just in case there are
violations of existing rules and policies.
Composition:
- Chairman - assistant warden
- Members - chief security officer, medical/ public health officer, social
worker/rehabilitation officer.
Functions of the Disciplinary Board
The Warden tasks the Board to investigate the facts regarding the alleged misconduct
referred to it. It holds sessions as often as necessary misconduct referred to it. It holds
sessions as often as necessary in a room that may be provided for the purpose. All
cases referred to it must be heard and decided within 48 hours from the date of the
receipt of the case.

The board is tasked to investigate the facts of the alleged misconduct referred to it by
the warden:
Authorized Disciplinary Penalties:
- Reprimand
- Temporary or permanent cancellation of some or all recreational privileges
- Cancellation of visiting privileges
- Extra fatigue duty for sentenced inmates only
- Closed confinement
- Transfer to another facility with court coordination

Limitation of Punishment
- No female inmate is subjected to any disciplinary punishment which might affect her
unborn or nursing child
- No impaired or handicapped inmates shall be meted out with punishment, corporal
and inhuman punishment is prohibited
- Medical examination is required when solitary or extra fatigue punishment is imposed
- Jail physician may recommend termination of punishment on grounds of physical or
mental health
Treatment Programs and Rehabilitation of the Different Confinement Facilities

1. BJMP Programs
A. Major Programs
There are four (4) major programs under the mandate of BJMP and they are the
following:
1. Inmates’ custody, security and control program.
2. Inmates’ welfare and development program.
3. Decongestion program.
4. Good governance

B. Core Programs
a. Provisions of Basic Needs

All PDL under custody are provided with three (3) meals (breakfast, lunch and supper).
Adequate supply of potable water is made available to them at all times. Likewise, upon
admission, each PDL is issued his or her PDL uniform consisting of the yellow shirt and
brown jogging pants. Hygiene kits are also distributed to the PDL on monthly or
quarterly basis. Occasionally, the provision of basic needs for the PDL is supplemented
by the food and non-food donations from local government units, non-government
organizations, business sector and private individuals.
b. Health Services
Health services for PDL consist of interventions towards the prevention, promotion,
treatment of illnesses and rehabilitation. All PDL undergo medical assessment upon
admission. During confinement, PDL are provided with health education and
counseling, medical consultations,regular health monitoring, and provided medicines
subject to availability. To maintain the physical health of PDL, they are allowed daily
sunning and physical exercises.
c. Educational Program
The educational program aims to provide opportunities for PDL to achieve mandatory
education. For this reason, BJMP adopted the Alternative Learning System (ALS) of
the Department of Education for the PDL to earn their elementary and high school
diplomas. Teachers in the jail-based ALS are BJMP Personnel who are professional
teachers and trained on the Instructional Method for ALS. In jails where there are no
personnel trained to handle ALS classes, the ALS teachers would be coming from the
Department of Education. All PDL enrolled in the ALS earn their respective Time
Allowance for Teaching, Studying and Mentoring (TASTM) pursuant to RA 10592.
d. Skills Training/Enhancement Program
The objective of the skills training program is to equip the PDL with technical/vocational
skills which they can use in seeking employment or starting their own business after
release from confinement. To make the PDL as competitive as other potential job
seekers, the skills trainings preferred are those accredited by the Technical Education
and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) so that the PDL will be able to earn National
Certifications. Thus, only the PDL who meet the eligibility requirements of the specific
skills training program being offered can participate.
e. Livelihood Program
The livelihood program presents income-generating activities to PDL during their
confinement where they are able to earn for their personal upkeep and for financial
support to their families. The capital for the livelihood project are either from BJMP for
BJMP-funded projects or from the common fund of a group of PDL for non-BJMP
funded projects. Examples of continuing and most popular livelihood projects of PDL
are bags and purses, bonsai made of beads, pastries, rugs, paper crafts, and wood
crafts. To help the PDL earn from these livelihood projects, the jail unit Welfare and
Development Officer (UWDO) facilitates the sale of the products in display centers or
livelihood caravans organized by the local government units and other service
providers. In addition, online or e-marketing of PDL products is also run by the jail unit
Welfare and Development Office.
f. Behavioral Management/Modification Program
BJMP implements the Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) to manage
and modify behaviors of PDL with the goal of positively changing their thinking and
behavior through structured group processes. The program endeavors to teach and
model positive thinking, pro-social values, good decision-making, and positive coping.
Through the program, PDL are trained on socially acceptable ways of behaving and
relating with their fellow PDL and with personnel and visitors thereby fostering a
therapeutic jail environment and maintaining a peaceful communal atmosphere.
g. Interfaith Program
PDL are provided with the opportunity to practice their faith while under custody without
discrimination, subject only to usual safety and security measures. The BJMP chaplains
and imams provide different religious services such as but not limited to mass
celebrations, communal prayers, spiritual counseling, catechism, and others. Religious
organizations and their respective ministers/pastors and leaders are accredited by
BJMP to facilitate their regular contact with PDL for the provision of religious services.
h. Cultural and Sports Program
The cultural program aims to promote camaraderie among PDL, encourage the
development of self-confidence and sharing of cultural talents as form of positive
entertainment. Cultural activities allowed in jails include dance, singing, theatre/drama,
and art workshops. Also,through this program, PDL experience some sense of social
normalcy through the communal celebrations of socio-cultural events like birthdays,
Valentine’s Day, Mothers’ and Fathers’ Day,Christmas, Lent and Easter, Ramadan,
local festivals and other similar activities.
i. Paralegal Program
The main objective of the Paralegal Program is to address the overcrowding in jail
facilities. Through the paralegal program, PDL are assisted in availing of the different
early modes of release. Regional and jail paralegal officers conduct continuous
informative seminars/orientations to PDL on their rights, modes of early release, and
other paralegal/legal remedies which can be availed of by them. Other paralegal
services include paralegal counseling and case follow-up in the courts by the jail
paralegal officers.
j. E-Dalaw
The E-DALAW service is an alternative to the traditional face-to-face visitation between
PDL and respective families. This service enables the PDL to connect with his/her
family through a supervised video call and chat. The program is conceptualized
specifically to cater to PDL whose family members cannot go to the jail for actual visit
because of the long distance to the jail from the residence or workplace of the family
members. However, in case of jail lockdown by reason of public health emergency
where visitation is suspended, all PDL are allowed to use the e-dalaw to communicate
with their families on equitable rotation basis.
C. Support Services

a. Human Rights Desks

Every jail facility operates a 24-hour Human Rights Desk handled by a designated
Human Rights Affairs Officer. The main function of the Human Rights Desk is to receive
complaints concerning human rights violations from PDL and visitors and to report the
complaints thru the appropriate reporting system to the concerned BJMP offices and to
the Commission on Human Rights for investigation and appropriate action.
b. Help Desk
In line with the government’s policy of providing timely and speedy access to
government services, each jail facility has established its own Help Desk managed by a
designated Held Desk Officer. The Help Desk functions as a referral unit where PDL
and visitors can lodge their request for assistance concerning personal or family needs.
These requests are evaluated byt he Help Desk Officer and all requests for assistance
that cannot be addressed by the jail are referred to the concerned government agencies
for appropriate action.
c. Referrals for Aftercare
Although BJMP recognizes the importance of aftercare program for PDL to be released
for them to start a new, it is limited only to providing welfare and developmental
programs to PDL while they are in custody. Nevertheless, to ensure continuity of care of
PDL upon release, the jail unit Welfare and Development Officer facilitate referrals to
different community resources. These referrals addressed to the local government units,
non-government organizations and the business sector usually include but not limited to
seeking immediate financial assistance forPDL’s repatriation, employment/livelihood
assistance, educational/vocational training scholarships, medical and psychological
interventions.
D. Special Program for Vulnerable Groups
a. Services for Pregnant PDL
Pregnant PDL, by reason of their medical condition, are given special attention by the
jail nurses to ensure compliance to pre-natal and post-natal care, timely provision of
other pregnancy-related needs, and assistance for the care of the newborn until the
latter is endorsed to the immediate family or accredited child-caring agency.
b. Services for Senior Citizen PDL and PDL with Disabilities
In addition to implementing measures to protect the senior citizen PDL and PDL with
disabilities from discrimination and establishing functional priority lanes for them, the
primary policy is to link them to the local Office of Senior Citizen Affairs Office (OSCA)
and Person with Disability Affairs Office (PDAO) for the acquisition of their respective
Identification Cards. The respective identification cards issued by the local government
unit are the PDL’s access key to the different services for senior citizens and persons
with disabilities mandated by the Senior Citizen’s Act and Magna Carta for Persons with
Disabilities.
c. Services for PDL with other Special Needs
PDL who are members of the LGBT community maybe segregated from the general
population in terms of housing to prevent potential mistreatments towards them by
reason of their gender expression and other vulnerabilities. Nevertheless, they receive
the same programs and services provided to the general population and they are
encouraged to participate fully in the socio-cultural activities of the jail.
d. Mental Health Services
In general, preventive mental health aimed at reducing incidence of mental health
disorders and developing positive coping mechanisms are provided to all PDL.
Preventive mental health interventions include informative seminars on stress
management, psycho-educational counseling and other supportive psychological group
activities. Likewise, psycho-social support services or stress debriefing to address
trauma are facilitated for PDL after the occurrence of untoward jail incidents or in the
aftermath of devastating calamities directly affecting the PDL.
e. Drug Counseling for PDL with Substance use Disorder
PDL with substance use disorder or have history of illegal drug use and who were
granted plea bargaining under A.M. No. 18-03-16 SC, are provided with drug counseling
using the Katatagan Kontra Droga sa Komunidad (KKDK) approach. The KKDK is a
psycho-educational drug counseling program developed consisting of twenty-four (24)
modules: eighteen (18) modules to be completed by the PDL in a small group setting
with fellow PDL and six (6) family modules to be participated by the PDL’s family. The
drug counseling runs for maximum duration of four(4) months.

2. BUCOR Reformation Programs

A. Work and Livelihood
The Bureau offers a variety of inmate work programs, from agricultural to industrial. The
purpose of the inmate work program is to keep the inmates busy and to provide them
money for their personal expenses and their families as well as help them acquire
livelihood skills, in order that they may become productive citizens once they are
released and assimilated back into the mainstream of society.
Different prison and penal farms provide institutional work programs for inmates. At the
Davao Penal Colony, inmates work on the banana plantations of Tagum Development
Company(TADECO) which has a joint venture agreement with the Bureau. Similarly, the
vast tracts of land at the Iwahig Penal Colony are developed and tilled by inmates to
produce various agricultural products, thereby generating income for the Bureau. The
Sablayan Prison and Penalfarm also provide agriculture and aquaculture programs for
inmates.
Along this end, the Bureau under the present Director has encouraged agricultural and
industrial production by providing farming implements, tractors, fertilizers, and other
inputs in order to sustain this area of rehabilitation for inmates.

B. Healthcare Services
Upon his initial commitment to the Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC), the
inmate’s medical history is recorded and properly documented by the Medical
Specialist. Medical information and mental status examinations are given to ascertain
his overall physical/mental fitness and whether he would be fit for work. This forms part
of the diagnostic process which will eventually determine the most appropriate
rehabilitation program for the inmate.
The principal medical care of inmates is provided through a 500-bed capacity hospital at
the New Bilibid Prisons and at six (6) other mini-hospitals or clinics in the six (6) other
prison and penal farms. All correctional facilities have a full and competent staff of
medical practitioners in charge of clinics, infirmaries, and hospitals. These centers are
capable of minor surgical operations, laboratory examinations, radiology, psychiatry,
rehabilitation, and dental treatment.
Other government and private hospitals are also tapped in the implementation of
standards pertaining to nutrition and protective health services for the prison
community. Medical services also include a wide range of counseling techniques and
therapy programs that address the psychological problems of inmates, including suicidal
thoughts and feelings of rejection which may lead to disruption of peace and order
within the prison compounds. When an inmate’s ailment is beyond the competence of
the in-house medical doctors, the inmate is referred to a government hospital in
accordance with prison rules and under proper security escorts.
C. Education and Skills Training Rehabilitation can be facilitated by improving an
inmate’s academic and job skills. Records show that many prisoners are poorly
educated. A majority are elementary school dropouts or have not even finished primary
school. Prison education amounts to remedial schooling designed to prepare inmates to
obtain basic skills in reading, writing and mathematics.
In most correctional facilities, vocational programs are incorporated into job
assignments and serve as on-the-job training. The goal is to provide inmates with skills
that will improve their eligibility for jobs upon release. Most prison vocational training is
geared toward traditional blue-collar employment in areas such as electronics, auto
mechanics and handicrafts. At the Reception and Diagnostic Center, a basic computer
literacy course with typing as a support course is available for inmates who have
finished at least high school level.

Vocational training and social education focus on job readiness. The concern in these
areas is life skills. If inmates are to reenter society and abstain from criminal activity,
they must be employable and have the basic tools necessary to function as responsible
citizens.

The National Penitentiary has a college degree program and a tertiary degree
correspondence course, in addition to the regular secondary and compulsory basic
literacy classes. Prisoners are strongly encouraged by the BuCor authorities to enroll
while serving their sentence and to advance their academic skills.
D. Sports and Recreation
The inmates enjoy sunrise by participating in daily calisthenics. There are various indoor
and outdoor sports activities, programs, tournaments, and leagues all year round,
including basketball, volleyball, billiards, table tennis, and chess. These sports
competitions promote camaraderie among inmates, good sportsmanship, and team-
building. The latest addition is the newly constructed indoor sports center/gymnasium at
the Maximum-Security Compound which boasts of competition-standard flooring, sound
system, locker rooms, and bleachers.
All prison and penal farms have adequate recreational facilities for inmates, both for
outdoor and indoor sports. Mini-bodybuilding gyms are available in most prison facilities,
including the Muntinlupa Juvenile Training Center and the Therapeutic Community
Center for inmates with drug cases.
For music lovers and musically-inclined inmates, numerous "videoke" centers are
available. Musical instruments are available for practice or for use in variety shows.

E. Moral and Spiritual Program

Inmates enjoy freedom of religion. All inmates are free to observe the rituals of their
faith, with orderly conduct supervised by prison authorities. A religious guidance adviser
or chaplain is assigned to every prison and penal farm. The prison chaplain sets the
stage for every regular spiritual activity. He is an officer of the institution who oversees
the operation of the prison chapel. He is not only a spiritual leader but also a counselor
and adviser. Prisoners may be baptized or given other sacraments. Religious Volunteer
Officers, or RVOs belonging to different church groups provide weekly religious
activities ranging from bible studies, devotions, prayer meetings, or praise and worship.
With a predominantly Roman Catholic prison population, a Catholic Mass is a regular
feature in the spiritual activities of the prison communities. Restrictions, however, are
imposed if, in the course of religious activities, security is compromised or a program is
too expensive.
F. Therapeutic Community

The Therapeutic Community (TC) Program represents an effective, highly structured

environment with defined boundaries, both moral and ethical. The primary goal is to
foster personal growth. This is accomplished by re-shaping an individual’s behavior and
attitudes through the inmates? community working together to help themselves and
each other, restoring self-confidence, and preparing them for their reintegration into
their families and friends as productive members of the community.
Learning Activities
 Graded Recitation
 Quizzes

WEEK 9

Topics:

 Modalities in the treatment of offenders in the Philippines

 Therapeutic Community Modality by Parole and Probation Administration (PPA)
 Therapeutic Community
 How does TC look like
 Salient Features of TC

MODALITIES IN THE TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Like many countries, the correctional system in the Philippines has both an institution-
based and a community-based component. It also has separate treatment systems for
youth offenders and adult offenders. The custodial care of adult offenders
is handled by the following:

1. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) under the Department of
Interior and Local Government (DILG) which has supervision over all district, city and
municipal jails and detention centers. These jails house detainees awaiting judicial
disposition of their case and offenders whose sentence range from one (1) day to three
(3) years.

2. The Provincial Governments, which have supervision and control over provincial
jails. These jails house court detainees and prisoners whose prison terms range from
six (6) months and one (1) day, to three (3) years.

3. The Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR) under the Department of Justice (DOJ), which
has control over the national penitentiary and its penal farms, houses convicted
offenders with prison sentences ranging from three (3) years and one (1) day, to life
imprisonment.

Youth offenders in the Philippines are treated differently. A youth offender is

defined as a child over nine (9) years but below eighteen (18) years of age at the time of
the commission of an offense. Under the country's laws, these youth offenders are
entitled to a suspended sentence. Instead of serving their sentence, they are
rehabilitated in regional youth rehabilitation centers, which are managed and supervised
by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD).

There are ten (10) rehabilitation centers for youth offenders, one of which is a
National Training School for Boys and the other, a National Training School for Girls.
Their stay in the center can be to the rehabilitation process therein.

The non-institutional treatment of adult offenders is managed primarily by the

Department of Justice (DOJ) through Its Parole and Probation Administration and the
Board of Pardons. Probation for adult offenders is available to those whose penalty of
imprisonment does not exceed six (6) years. It is considered as a
matter of privilege and not of right. Hence, the adult offender has
to apply for probation before the court upon conviction. This is also
true for the parole system.

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY BY PAROLE AND PROBATION

ADMINISTRATION (PPA)

WHAT IS TC Therapeutic Community?

The Therapeutic Community (TC) is an environment that helps people get help while
helping others. It is a treatment environment: the interactions of its members are
designed to be therapeutic within the context of the norms that require for each to play
the dual role of client-therapist. At a given moment, one may be in a client role when
receiving help or support from others because of a problem behavior or when
experiencing distress. At another time, the same person assumes a therapist role when
assisting or supporting another person in trouble.

HOW DOES TC LOOK LIKE?

The operation of the community itself is the task of the residents, working under staff
supervision. Work assignments, called "job functions" are arranged in a hierarchy,
according to seniority, individual progress and productivity. These include conducting
all house services, such as cooking, cleaning, kitchen service, minor repair, serving as
apprentices and running all departments, conducting meetings and peer encounter
groups.

The TC operates in a similar fashion to a functional family with a hierarchical structure

of older and younger members. Each member has a defined role and responsibilities for
sustaining the proper functioning of the TC. There are sets of rules and community
norms that members upon entry commit to live by and uphold.

WHAT ARE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF TC?

1. The primary "therapist' and teacher is the community itself, consisting of peers and
staff, who, as role models of successful personal change, serve as guides in the
recovery process.
2 TC adheres to precepts of right living: Truth/honesty Here and now; Personal
responsibility for destiny: Social responsibility (brother's keeper); Moral Code; Inner
person is "good" but behavior can be "bad"; Change is the only certainty; Work ethics;
Self-reliance; Psychological converges with philosophical (e.g. guilt kills)
3. It believes that TC is a place where: One can change unfold; the group can foster
change; individuals must take responsibility; structures must accommodate this; Act as
if -go through the motion.
4. There are 5 distinct categories of activity that help promote the change:

 Relational/Behavior Management
 Affective/Emotional/Psychological
 Cognitive/intellectual
 Spiritual
 Psychomotor/Vocational-Survival Skills

Learning Activities
 Graded Recitation
 Written Activity
 Library Work

WEEK 10

Topics:

Therapeutic Community Modality Program by the BJMP

 Phases of Treatment

 Standards Parameters for jail TCMP

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PROGRAM BY THE BUREAU OF JAIL

MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY

PHASES OF TREATMENT
TCMP in the BJMP set up is quite unique in the sense that inmates are in custody while
undergoing trial for their individual cases. Their length of stay is determined by how fast
is the disposition of their cases. The cases may be decided upon after a short period of
time or may last for years. Though the different phases of treatment is observed, it
cannot be fully implemented or may not be followed as scheduled due to the
uniqueness of the status of the residents.

Phase I- Entry/Orientation Phase

Once an inmate is committed to jail, he undergoes a series of examination to determine
his physical, social and psychological d.e Upon his commitment, a resident is placed o
the Receptionand DiagnostiG room/ Orientation Room. orientation In here, he at
acquainted with the TC program:

- The rules and norms of the community

- TC concepts, written and unwritten philosophy
- The staff and the members of the community
- The tools of the house
 - Job functions and TC hierarchy

He is then assigned a static group and a big brother who will provide him with support
and will Walk him through the orientation phase. At this phase, the resident is handled
gently and is expected commit mistakes in the process of learning the program.

Sanctions
n negative behavior are Usually light with emphasis on teachin.

Phase Il- Primary Treatment

After proper orientation on the different TC concepts and tools, the norms and rules of
the community and the staff members, the resident is now ready to undergo the
treatment proper. He becomes a part of the community starting as a crew member of
the Housekeeping department until he gradually ascends in the hierarchy. He must be
knowledgeable on the following:

 Proper use of the different tools to address personal issues and concerns and
shape behavior
 Managing own feelings and learning how to express self appropriately
 Learning how to follow the rules and norms of the community
 Maximize participation in activities that are appropriate to the resident's need for
growth
 Learning how to trust the environment by disclosing self to the community and
develop insight in the process
 Developing positive coping skills to deal with difficult life situations
 Enhancing educational and vocational skills to make him productive
 Improve social skills and recognize the importance of other people's help in
shaping behaviour

Phase llI= Pre Re-entry

Under regular circumstances, the resident is expected at this stage to have internalized
the TC values and concept to start life afresh. However, in the jail setting where entry
and release are not within the jail control, residents may not have reached this phase of
treatment before they even leave the jail facility.

Regardless of the resident's length of stay, he is expected to undergo this phase prior to
release into society. At this phase, the resident is expected to have proven his ability to
take on more responsibility hence needs lesser supervision. He is considered a
role model in the TC community. He should focus on the following learning

 Rebuilding of social and family ties

 Going up the ladder of hierarchy by showing leadership
 Realization of his full potential to be a productive member of society
 Mapping out of plans

Phase IV. Re-entry

In the ideal setting, a resident at this stage is now ready to be released back to society
as he has demonstrated adequate self-control and discipline. The inmate is now
preparing for his life outside of jail and is focused on making himself a productive
citizen. He may start planning for job hunting and rebuilding family ties and
relationships.

In the jail setting, the residents will stay inside the jail until their cases are
resolved or they have been convicted and need to be remanded to the Bureau of
Corrections.

The resident must focus on the following:

 Transition to life outside of jail.
 Creating a new lifestyle applying the tools and concept of
TC.
 Learning positive coping skills to deal with day-to-day
situations.
 Re-establishing and strengthening family ties and support
group.
 Reintegration into the mainstream of society.
 Developing realistic and attainable goals in life.

Phase V-Aftercare
Aftercare is an outpatient program that requires clients to report twice a week to an
outreach center. They are required to attend group sessions to ensure their adjustment
to life outside jail lo reduce recidivism. For clients released from jail, they are referred
to the Parole and Probation Administration and Local Government Units for follow up
and aftercare. The clients are focused on the following:

 Maintaining positive behavior and prevent recidivism

 Strengthening coping mechanism
 Maintaining relationships and support mechanism
 Sustaining interest in job or vocation to maintain livelihood
 Integration into society

STANDARD PARAMETERS FOR JAIL TCMP

A. Physical Environment:
 The internal and external environment is comfortable, clean and welcoming.
 TC Philosophy and unwritten philosophies are visibly posted around the facility.
 Hierarchical structure and daily activities are displayed.
 There is adequate space to hold activities and rooms for specific meetings that
require privacy.
 A clean and well-maintained kitchen that complies with the sanitary standards of
BJMP.
 Provision of recreation areas both indoors and outdoors.
 The dining area is equipped with enough tables and chairs to accommodate the
inmates.
 Adequate sanitary toilets and bathrooms that provide privacy to users.
 Adequate space for sleeping and habitation that respects the individual's
personal space.
B. TCMP Staff:

 The TCMP staff has undergone proper training on TOMP

 Presence of a permanent TCMP staff to supervise the program and conduct the
various activities
 The TCMP staff will not be transferred to other jails until properly covered by
another TC trained staff
 There is proper shift turn-over of TC trained staff on a daily
basis
 TCMP staff can be utilized to handle other tasks but puts priority to TCMP
 Regular meetings are held by staff to discuss progress, issues and concerns
about the program
 All the jail staff are involved in the TCMP and are contributing members
 The staff works as a team in delivering services to inmates
 The staff serves as role models and treats inmates with respect and dignity
 Incentives are given to TCMP staff in terms of awards and commendations

C. The Therapeutic Environment – The Inmates/ Residents:

 The residents treat each other with respect at all times regardless of age,
religion, cultural diversity, etc.
 The residents practice a culture of honesty and openness in discussing thoughts
and feelings, providing and receiving feedbacks
 Confidentiality is respected and practiced
 The residents are Involved in decision making and planning in TCMP activities
 The participants of TCMP are change agents in bringing about transformation
among peers
 The residents comply with the cardinal and house rules and serve as
Watchdogs" for their peers with the aim of correcting erring members
 Absence or minimal incidence of jail violence/disturbance
 The residents respect the hierarchy and chain of command

Participants of the TCMP conducts "Morning Meeting".

Morning Meeting is a daily ritual that starts the day in a TC facility. I is attended by
the whole community and lasts for an hour. It commences with the Opening Prayer,
Singing of the Philippine National Anthem and the recitation of the TC Philosophy.

Learning Activities
 Graded Recitation
 Group Activity
 Assignment
 WEEK 11

Topics:

Therapeutic Community Program by the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)

Therapeutic Community Program by the Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR)

The Therapeutic Community (TC) Program represents an effective, highly

structured environment with defined boundaries, both moral and ethical. The primary
goal is to foster personal growth. This is accomplished by re-shaping an individual's
behaviour and attitudes through the inmates community working together to help
themselves and each other, restoring self-confidence, and preparing them for their re-
integration into their families and friends as productive members of the community.

Patterned after Daytop TC, New York which is the base of the Therapeutic
Community movement in the world, the BuCor TC program was adopted as part of the
Bureau's holistic approach towards inmate rehabilitation. It is implemented primarily
but not limited to drug dependents.

The TC approach has been continuously proven worldwide as an effective

treatment and rehabilitation modality among drug dependents, and have been noted to
be effective in many prisons. By immersing a drug offender in the TC environment, he
learns why he had developed his destructive habits, which led him to substance
abuse. The program modifies negative behavior and or attitudes while restoring self-
confidence, and prepares inmates for their re-integration into their families and friends
as productive members of the community. This behavioral modification program
gradually re-shapes or re-structures the inmate within a family-like environment,
wherein every member acts as his brother's keeper.

As TC family members go on with their daily activities, a strong sense of

responsibility and concern for each other's welfare are developed. They are constantly
being monitored for their progress and are regularly being evaluated by the TC-trained
staff. The TC process allows for genuine introspection, cultivation of self- worth and
positive rationalization that move the individual towards assuming a greater sense of
personal and moral responsibility. The efforts of the Bureau of Corrections to
rehabilitate Drug dependents under its care using the TC approach is in line with its
Commitment to create a Drug-Free Prison. Worldwide developments in the treatment
and rehabilitation of drug offenders using this therapeutic community approach have
been noted to be effective in many prisons.
 The TC program of the Bureau of Corrections helps persons deprived of liberty
to become productive citizen by offering various livelihood programs that provides
skills and trainings.

Learning Activities
 Graded Recitation
 Library Work

WEEK 12

MIDTERM EXAMINATION

Prepared by: CA CLUSTER