WRITING FRAME PRACTICE
Line Graph: Rates of Smoking in Someland
STEP 1. INTRODUCTION
Goal: Paraphrase the task & introduce the topic.
Useful patterns:
The line graph compares / illustrates / gives information about… the rate /
percentage of smokers (men and women) in Someland between ___ and ___.
Your Turn:
The line graph _________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
STEP 2. OVERVIEW
Goal: Summarize the overall trends – no numbers.
Useful patterns:
Overall, it can be clearly seen that…
In general, both groups showed a/an (increase/decrease), but…
Your Turn:
Overall, ______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
STEP 3. BODY PARAGRAPH 1 (Men)
Goal: Describe the changes in smoking rates among men.
Useful phrases:
As for men, the rate started at ___ in ___.
It then (fell / dropped / decreased) steadily to ___ by ___.
Over the next few decades, it continued to (decline / remain stable) at around ___.
Your Turn:
As for men, ____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
STEP 4. BODY PARAGRAPH 2 (Women)
Goal: Describe the changes in smoking rates among women and compare.
Useful phrases:
Turning to women, the figure began much lower, at around ___.
It (rose / increased) gradually to reach a peak of ___ in ___.
Afterwards, it (stayed constant / dropped) to about ___ by the end of the period.
Although the figure for women increased, it remained lower than that for men.
Your Turn:
Turning to women, ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
STEP 5. CONCLUSION
Goal: Restate the overall trend briefly.
Useful phrases:
In conclusion, the smoking rate for men (declined / dropped) steadily, while that
for women (rose / fluctuated / decreased) after peaking. Men always smoked more
than women throughout the period.
Your Turn:
In conclusion, _________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
Extra Vocabulary Bank
Type Vocabulary Meaning / Notes
Verbs of rise, increase, grow, climb, peak, fall, drop, Use to describe
change decline, decrease movement
gradually, steadily, slightly, sharply, Use to describe
Adverbs
dramatically, significantly degree
higher than, lower than, similar to, twice as
Comparatives Use for comparison
much as
whereas, while, although, in contrast, on the
Connectors Use to link ideas
other hand
1. Paraphrases for “the figure for men”
Paraphrase Example Sentence
The number of men who smoked declined over the
the number of men
period.
the proportion of male The proportion of male smokers dropped steadily
smokers after 1960.
The percentage of men smoking decreased
the percentage of men
gradually.
The male smoking rate was significantly higher
male smoking rate
than that of women.
the level of smoking among The level of smoking among men fell sharply after
men 1980.
the male figure / the male
The male figure started at around 600 per 1,000.
proportion
the male population’s The male population’s smoking rate declined
smoking rate considerably.
2. Paraphrases for “the rate for women”
Paraphrase Example Sentence
The number of women who smoked rose slightly
the number of women
between 1960 and 1977.
the proportion of female The proportion of female smokers increased
smokers rapidly until 1977.
Paraphrase Example Sentence
The percentage of women smoking peaked at 320
the percentage of women
per 1,000.
The female smoking rate remained stable for
female smoking rate
several years.
the level of smoking among The level of smoking among women was always
women lower than men’s.
the female figure / the female The female figure climbed to 320 in 1977 before
proportion falling.
the female population’s The female population’s smoking rate showed a
smoking rate slight decline after 1984.
Paraphrase chung cho “the period of time”
Dạng ngắn gọn, dùng linh hoạt nhất
Paraphrase Ghi chú / Cách dùng
the given period Rất phổ biến và an toàn trong IELTS.
the time period shown Thường dùng khi nói về biểu đồ có mốc năm.
the period shown Ngắn gọn, tự nhiên.
the time frame Nghe tự nhiên và academic hơn.
the timeframe presented Tương tự, dùng được cho overview hoặc body.
the period under review Trang trọng, phù hợp với band 7+.
the years shown Dùng khi biểu đồ có mốc thời gian cụ thể.
Dạng có thời gian cụ thể
Paraphrase Ví dụ
between [year] and [year] The rate increased between 1990 and 2020.
over the years The figure declined steadily over the years.
throughout the years People’s income rose throughout the years.
during this period Sales dropped during this period.
over the four decades / three decades Useful khi có 30–40 năm.
across the years Less common but natural for variety.
Dạng formal / academic (nâng band 7+)
Paraphrase Ghi chú
over the course of the period Formal, tự nhiên trong overview.
over the duration of the period Trang trọng, ít gặp nhưng band 8+.
over the observed period IELTS-friendly, dùng được trong report.
during the time span given Có thể thay cho “period of time”.
across the period in question Rất học thuật, dùng trong overview.
Dạng mở rộng ý (giúp viết overview hay hơn)
Paraphrase Ví dụ
over the whole period The number rose steadily over the whole period.
throughout the entire period The rate declined throughout the entire period.
during the time covered by the graph Used when introducing the chart.
over the time surveyed Used for research-style topics.