Introduction:

Pottery is one of the ancient crafts that man evolved at the beginning of the

civilization. Their intelligent brains must have felt the need of some kinds of

vessels to store and cook. We can say that pottery is the outcome of their need

and initiative. It is the process of converting clay into finished product, by putting

it into fire. It requires soil, sand, wood, coal as raw materials. In India pottery

artisans are mostly found in rural areas. However, now a days they are migrated

to urban areas for better livelihood, some of them continue their occupation and

some are shifted to other jobs. In Tripura, the art of making pottery have thousand

years of traditional background. It is one of the dominant craft from ancient time.

It had reached a peak Point during a medieval period but the Britishers colonial

pattern of development demolished the pottery crafts. However, some potters

continued pottery as livelihood with their hereditary pursuit. Most of the pottery

business is carried on primarily with the help of members of the family

This study aims at understanding and examining the

problems and prospects of the pottery artisans of the Nandanagar

Area of west District, Tripura. The data are collected through

structures questionnaire by purposive sampling. The variables like

age, gender, turnover, family members, reason of choosing pottery,

raw material, techniques of production, availability of finance, Govt.

assistance, marketing facilities are analysed with the help of descriptive

statistics and relationship between the variables are studied with the

help of Pearson's Coefficient of Correlation with Significance level

and two-tailed test. Proper awareness should be created among the

young artisans and problems should be solved by the Govt. and

NGOs for the sustainable development of the Pottery artisans.

Chapter 1: Introduction
Pottery is one of the oldest known crafts, believed to have originated from the basic human
need to store, cook, and preserve food. This ancient tradition, which involves transforming
clay into functional and artistic forms using fire, remains a symbol of cultural identity and
self-sufficiency in many rural communities. In India, especially in states like Tripura, pottery
has deep historical roots. Although the craft once flourished, colonial disruption and
changing socio-economic conditions have led to its gradual decline. Today, many potters
have migrated to urban areas for survival—some continuing the craft, others abandoning it
in search of alternative livelihoods.

In Tripura, particularly in the Nandanagar area of West District, pottery has survived through
generations as a family-based occupation. However, modern challenges—such as lack of
access to raw materials, limited market exposure, low income, and inadequate government
support—threaten its sustainability. This study investigates the socio-economic conditions of
pottery artisans in this region using data collected through structured questionnaires.
Variables such as age, gender, income, production techniques, and government assistance
were analyzed through descriptive statistics and correlation tools to understand patterns and
relationships among them.

The sustainable development of the pottery sector cannot be separated from political and
developmental perspectives. Aligning with global goals like the UN’s Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goals 1, 8, 11, and 12, this research highlights the
need for policy interventions. Local governance bodies must play an active role, and youth
engagement should be encouraged to revive and preserve the craft. Only through inclusive
governance, public-private cooperation, and environmental consciousness can traditional
pottery evolve into a resilient and dignified livelihood.

1.1 Objectives of the study

[Link] find out the socio-economic conditions of potters of Nandanagar,
Agartala.
[Link] examine the impact of government schemes and how much this have
seen beneficiary for potters of Nandanagar, Agartala.
[Link] identify the challenges faced by the potters of Nandanagar, Agartala
[Link] propose recommendations for development of potters of Nandanagar,
Agartala

1.2 RESEARCH METHORDLOGY

This research adopts a descriptive approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative
methods to gain a comprehensive understanding of the socio-economic conditions of
pottery artisans in the Nandanagar area of West Tripura. Primary data was gathered through
field visits using structured questionnaires and interviews with local potters. In addition,
secondary data was sourced from books, academic articles, websites, and relevant YouTube
videos that provide contextual background on pottery and artisan livelihoods.

A random sampling method was employed to ensure fair representation, with a sample size
of 28 respondents drawn from the field area. The collected data was analyzed using a blend
of content analysis and statistical techniques to identify meaningful patterns, correlations,
and emerging themes. This mixed-method approach allowed for a more nuanced
understanding of both the measurable aspects of artisans' lives and their lived experiences.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study holds significance on multiple levels—academic, social, economic, cultural, and
political. By focusing on the pottery artisans of Nandanagar in West Tripura, the research
sheds light on an often-overlooked potters that continues to preserve an ancient craft
amidst growing socio-economic and technological pressures. It aims to highlight the current
conditions of these artisans and bring their voices into academic and policy discourse.

Furthermore, the study highlights the importance for understanding the socio-economic
conditions of these artisans in a structured, data-driven way. It analyses key demographic
indicators such as age, gender, religion, and marital status, etc while also exploring economic
dimensions like income levels, occupational shifts, and access to resources or government
schemes. These findings can help identify the gaps between policy intentions and ground-
level realities. In doing so, the study not only helps document a vanishing craft tradition but
also provides insights for designing more effective, grassroots-oriented development policies
that empower artisan communities in Tripura and beyond.

2. Review of Literature:
[Link] Silveru (10 Dec 2023)”Pottery in Telangana: Empirical Evidence of Current and
Future Challenges”

Asserts on the socio-economic status of the Kummari potter community in Telangana. The
study underscores the persistence of caste-based traditional occupations as a primary
livelihood source for many Kummari households. Silveru takes a holistic view, examining
the entire pottery-making cycle—from sourcing inputs and production to technology
adoption and marketing. He outlines the critical challenges artisans face today and
recommends urgent policy interventions. These include increased state support, artisan
collectivisation, diffusion of modern technology, and targeted capacity-building efforts
(Silveru).
[Link] singh bhadouriya ,(01 Mar 2021)”A Study on Socio-economic Condition of
Kumhar’s (Pottery Makers) of Jasra District Prayagraj, U.P”This paper point out the
presents a socio-economic study focusing on the Kumhar (pottery makers) community in the
Jasra block of the Prayagraj district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The research aims to understand
their living and working conditions, identify challenges, and propose solutions for improving
their productivity and profitability through value addition and to help these communities
improve their productivity and profitability, specifically through value addition to their
finished products .

3. Kabin Sarma ( 01 Apr 2018 )”A Study on Economic Prospects and Problems of Terracotta
and Pottery Crafts of Assam with Special Reference to Asharikandi Village of Dhubri
District” asserts that pottery and terracotta, among the oldest human crafts, have evolved
from being perceived as "poor men's crafts" to gaining recognition for their aesthetic and
cultural value. The study aims to foster a "booming culture" by informing prospective
artisans about the opportunities within this traditional craft. It also investigates the
economic viability of the craft and the challenges faced by artisans in a competitive market.
Special attention is given to Asharikandi, a village in Assam’s Dhubri district renowned for its
traditional pottery and terracotta craftsmanship.

[Link] K. Kayamba (04 Nov 2016) “The role of pottery production in development: A
case study of the Ankole region in Western Uganda” explores pottery production activities
in the Ankole region of Western Uganda. The study’s primary objective is to understand the
role of the pottery industry in addressing unemployment and poverty, along with its
environmental impact. It examines both the technical and socio-economic dimensions of
pottery production. Kayamba provides an insightful analysis of the industry, emphasizing its
economic potential, the evolving gender dynamics within the craft, and its significant—often
harmful—environmental consequences.

[Link] Simon Okwoche(28 Jan 2021) “Contemporary Process of Pottery Making in Yala
Local Government of Cross River State” points upon diverse body of literature to
contextualize and support his findings on traditional pottery practices. The study primarily
explores the historical, cultural, and technical dimensions of pottery, with particular
emphasis on the prominent role of women in this craft across various regions. Okwoche
references existing works that detail the entire pottery production process—from clay
extraction and preparation to shaping, decoration, firing, and marketing. The article
underscores the deep historical roots of traditional pottery, its strong connection to women
in many African societies, and the various technical methods involved in its creation. It also
highlights how external influences, including economic shifts, technological advancements,
and the spread of new religions, have impacted these practices over time.
[Link] Umi Mintarti (2022)Strategies and Factors Development of MSME Traditional Pottery
in Slahung District Ponorogo, Indonesia” asserts a qualitative study aimed at understanding
the challenges and proposing strategies for the growth of traditional pottery businesses in a
specific region of Indonesia. Unlike a literature review, this study offers original findings and
analysis, making it a primary research contribution. It identifies localized challenges faced by
pottery-based micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Ponorogo and puts forth
targeted solutions tailored to the region’s traditional pottery industry.

[Link] Kasemi(01 Jan 2014)”Problems of pottery industry and policies for

development: Case study of Koch Bihar district in West Bengal, India”Points the problems
and development policies related to the pottery industry in the Koch Bihar district of West
Bengal. The study draws on existing literature to contextualize the historical importance of
pottery, its function as a cottage industry, and the numerous challenges it faces—particularly
in rural areas. Building upon this foundation, the research incorporates a primary survey and
applies Cobb-Douglas production function analysis to explore the specific features and
difficulties of the pottery sector in the district. It concludes by proposing targeted policy
measures for the industry's development.

[Link] Nur Aini, Agung Winarno, Arsadi Arsadi(28 Feb 2023) Pottery craft development:
Upgrading the traditional combustion management patterns for product quality and
aesthetics in Pagelaran Village, Malang Asserts methods to enhance the quality and
aesthetic value of pottery products in Pagelaran Village by improving traditional combustion
techniques. The study identifies key challenges faced by traditional potters and offers
solutions grounded in existing research and observed local practices. While the village’s
pottery production remains deeply tied to traditional methods—particularly in its
combustion process—the research highlights a growing emphasis on innovation and product
refinement. This progress is driven by user demand, aesthetic enhancement, and the
strategic use of community knowledge and resources. The study concludes that continuous
adaptation, informed by socio-cultural and environmental considerations, is essential for the
sustainability and economic viability of the craft.

[Link] Choudhury Lahiri(01 Jan 2021)Performing Tradition, Constructing Heritage: Work,

Life and Social Transformation Among the Kumbhakars of Kumartuli points upon a
foundation of social anthropological studies that examine craft-based communities. These
studies typically explore the intricate connections among work environments, ritual
practices, and the personal and collective histories of artisans and their communities. Lahiri’s
work contributes to this body of research by offering insights into how concepts of heritage
and value are constructed through the daily practices and lived experiences of the
Kumbhakars of Kumartuli, thereby deepening the understanding of social transformation
within traditional craft-based settings.

[Link] Amin(03 Jun 2024)”Tenable Craft Practices: A Study of Clay Pottery at

Kumbharwada in Vadodara, India.” Assert into multiple dimensions of the traditional craft of
clay pottery, with the aim of understanding its current state and future potential. The study
offers a comprehensive examination of pottery practices in Kumbharwada, documenting
existing methods, evaluating their sustainability, and investigating innovative applications. It
also outlines possible pathways for the advancement and greater recognition of this craft
within Vadodara, positioning it as both a cultural heritage and an evolving livelihood
practice.

3Pension Scheme for Traditional Artisans and Sanitation Workers in Tripura:

A Step Toward Inclusive Social Security
In March 2017, the Government of Tripura introduced a pension scheme to support elderly
individuals engaged in traditional, caste-based occupations such as pottery, folk artistry,
carpentry, blacksmithing, and sanitation work. Managed by the Education (Social Welfare &
Social Education) Department, this program aims to provide financial security to those who
have historically faced economic hardships. The scheme targets permanent residents of
Tripura who are 60 years or older, with an annual family income below ₹50,000, and whose
immediate family members are not employed in government jobs, ensuring that assistance
reaches the most vulnerable communities (Government of Tripura).

Beneficiaries receive a monthly pension of ₹700, helping to ease their financial burdens. The
application process is community-driven and decentralized: applicants submit their forms to
the local Child Development Project Officer (CDPO), who verifies and forwards them to local
governing bodies such as the Panchayat Samity or Block Advisory Committee for
recommendations. The Directorate of Social Welfare and Social Education then grants final
approval, ensuring that the scheme is implemented with transparency and local
involvement.

4.2INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION

The scheme incorporates a monitoring framework under which the Department of Social
Welfare reviews disbursement progress and submits regular reports to the state
government. The government also retains the authority to amend the scheme as needed,
allowing flexibility to adapt to changing socioeconomic circumstances.
Moreover, the scheme is closely aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs). It directly supports SDG 1 (No Poverty) by providing financial aid to
impoverished elderly populations. It contributes to SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) by
addressing caste-based disparities and promoting equitable access to welfare. Additionally, it
reflects the spirit of SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) by recognizing traditional
occupations as valuable forms of labor deserving of social protection. Through this pension
scheme, the Government of Tripura sets an example of how state-level interventions can be
strategically aligned with global development goals.

The scheme includes a monitoring system where the Department of Social Welfare tracks
disbursements and reports to the state government, allowing for adjustments as needed to
respond to changing social and economic conditions. It aligns closely with the United
Nations Sustainable Development Goals, supporting SDG 1 (No Poverty) by aiding elderly
impoverished workers, SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) by addressing caste-based disparities,
and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) by valuing traditional occupations. Through
this pension program, Tripura demonstrates how local policies can effectively contribute to
global development objectives.

3.2

i) Low rat……

ii)…..

iii)….

iv)….

v)…

vi)

vii)

[Link] SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF POTTERS OF NANDANAGAR

3.1 socio conditions

Pottery industry is the major industry of Tripura’s cultural heritage and

economic activities since centuries. However, at present, traditional pottery

industry have come up with the various challenges due to changing socio-

economic variables and technological advancement

table 1

diagram 1

table 2

diagram

table 3 rekigion

table 4

4.2 economic back ground

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

5 .Conclusion

Artisans mostly work in traditional and unorganized sector in which they are vulnerable to
exploitation and low wages. They fall in lower strata of the hierarchy both socially and
economically. These people are mostly engaged in pottery or household industries in which
they work hard but do not get enough to maintain a minimum standard of living. The term
‘pottery’ encompasses a wide range of artifacts. The informal sector, which includes
handicrafts has been described by the International Labour Organization (ILO) as a part of
economic activity characterized by certain features like reliance on local available resources
and skills, family ownership, small scale operations, labour intensity, traditional technology,
skills generally acquired outside the formal school system, unregulated and competitive
markets. It finds that the artisans are unaware about the schemes and also due to lack of
training facilities quality of the products could not meet the taste of the consumer in the
towns and cities.

Recommendation

Total 7

REFRENCES
THE EN
Table No. 1 : Age wise distribution of the respondents.

SL. NO. AGE FREQUENCY NUMBER

 1 20-30
2 6-36
3 3
4 48-58
5 Above 59
Total

From the above diagram and table, it is clear that the highest percentage of

respondent i.e., 35.71% lies between the age group 41-50 years old, 2nd highest in

31-40 years and least respondents are from 20-30 years age groups. It indicates

that youth do not prefer the pottery business as livelihood. Most of the potters

belong to age group of 31 years and above.

Table No. 2 Education level of the respondent.

[Link]. Education Frequency Percentage

Attainment
1
2
3
4
5
6
Total

The above table 2 shows that result of the education status of the illiterate potters 18.75
per cent respondents were illiterate; [Link] cent respondents had primary school level of
education. 23.75 per cent had secondary school of education, 17.5per cent respondents
had high School level of education, Intermediate potters are 12.5 per cent respondents
were educated up to inter mediate and rest 2.5 per cent respondents were graduate. Due
to poverty they do not send their children to school and encourage their children to help
them in their occupation.

Table. [Link] income of respondent.

[Link] YEARLY INCOME FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

1 Below 50 thousand
2 50 thousand-1 lakh
3 1 Lakh-2 lakh
 4 2 Lakh or above
5 Total

The above table 3 shows that early income of respondents. 6.25 respondents were Below
50 thousand and 50 thousand-1 lakh respondents were 31.25 per cent yearly income. And
1 Lakh-2 lakh respondents were 41.25 per cent in monthly income. And 2 Lakh & above
monthly income respondents were 21.35 per cent early income.

Table No. 4 Occupation distributions of the respondents.

[Link]. Occupation Frequency Percentage

1 Only making pottery
making
2 Pottery
+Agriculturist
3 Pottery + Business
4 Pottery + Animal
husbandry
5 Pottery + labor
work.
Total
SOUCE: FIELD STUDY

The above table 4 shows that 10 per cent respondents were mainly engaged in pottery
making, 43.73 per cent respondents were pottery makes as well as agriculturist, 5 per cent
respondents were making as pottery makers as well as they had small-scale business, 25 per
cent respondents were engaged in pottery making and they also had reared animal
whereas16.25per cent respondents were engaged in pottery making and they were also
working as a wage labour to fulfill their basic needs. Because of the potter changed their
occupation due to the low revenue. Many of the potters people are now wage laborers,
business man, fisherman, farmer etc. but the socio-economic conditions of their people are
not very satisfactory. plastic pots and vessels led to decrease in the demand for the pottery
products. They would engage in pottery making only as a source of secondary income. The
similar findings reported by Laal (2019)

ZIST OF THE STUDY.

The central aim of this study is to illuminate the lived experiences of potter families in
Nandanagar, Agartala, by examining how their unique social and economic conditions shape
their craft, livelihoods, and future trajectories. , the study bridges the gap between
structural analysis and personal narratives, revealing why some families continue the craft
across generations while others are compelled to diversify or abandon it, why there is less
participations of younger age group and all The findings aim not only to enrich craft
literature through an integrated socio-economic lens, but also to inform sustainable policy
interventions. this study offers a model for future research on traditional artisans across
South Asia, demonstrating how combining ethnographic depth with economic analysis can
generate both academic understanding and actionable insight

4.3FINDINGS AND DISCURSSION OF THE STUDY/ Data Analysis & Interpretation:

[Link] about the scheme

[Link] People availed the Schame

iii. How satisfied are you with the support provided by the government?

5 CHALLENGES

5.1 NOT SATISFIED WITH THE SCHEMES

5.2 DELAY

5.3 Lack of Raw Material

5.4 Traditional Production Process:

5.4 Decrease in demand in Market- The pottery workers of Basudebpur are of the opinion
that there has been a decline in the demand of the product in the market. Customers prefer
purchasing pots of aluminium and lamps of metal which are long lasting than those made
from clay. Besides, large scale demand of multi-coloured electric lights have also drastically
reduced the demand of lamps. A pottery worker informed that the demand of earthen
lamps has declined drastically during the Diwali due to the dominance of disco lights and
electronic lamps. People at present prefer decorating their houses during Diwali with electric
lights rather than earthen lamps. About 92% of the total workers surveyed considered this to
be an important problem and has been given second highest weighted score of 118.68.

Banks should come forward and provide them with loans at low rates of interest. 5. For the
expansion of the demand of these products in the market, proper promotion of these
products has to be done. Local panchayat has to play a great role in this aspect. They can
publish weekly souvenirs and magazines where they can promote the products
manufactured by them. Besides, social media can also act as indispensible tool in the
promotion of products in the market. Products should also be sent to fairs organised by the
Government like the Hastashilpa Mela and the Sabala Mela etc. Local administrative
authorities, clubs and NGO’s must come forward to make these initiatives successful.

6 RECOMMENDATION

II

III

IV

VI

CONCLUSION

REFERANCES

APPENDIX 1 PHOTO

APPENDIX 11 QUESTIONIRE

Problems of Poetry Industry:

The earthenware industry of the study region is enduring various issues. The
issues are not as it were various but moreover different in character. In spite
of the fact that a few of the issues are exceptionally significant and unless they
are illuminated with fitting measures, the pottery artisans are not able to
sustain
for a long period. The problems are discussed as below:
This chapter discusses the findings, conclusions and suggestions of the analysis
done on the data collected in the research study. This study makes an effort to
study the perceptions of the employees working with pottery industry of
Nandanagar,agartala regarding quality of work life. The pottery industry is one
of the oldest industries of India. This industry is labor intensive in which lakhs
of people are earning their livelihoods. Handicraft sector is an integral part and
replica of Indian culture and produces products which have aesthetic, artistic,
creative, decorative functional, traditional, religious, social and cultural value.
pottery could possibly impact on the improvement of the socio-economic
status of the people in the rural areas as it can possibly provide employment
opportunities. The people in the rural areas can also take handicraft for the self
employment activities in the rural areas.
Findings of the Study

The following are the summarized findings of the study :

Only 23 per cent of the potters are literates. Only older people whose age
is above 50 years are continuing in the occupation. This occupation is providing
139 man-days of employment per annum on an average to each family.
Majority respondents’ family size is nuclear and having three to four
members. Lack of shed facilities, the pot making is not being continued in the
rainy season. Competition from metallic, plastic pots and vessels led to
decrease in the demand for the pottery products. The traditional tiles
making which provided adequate employment earlier ended due to modern
housing. Respondents are facing demand deficiency for their
products. There is a positive relationship between average income per day
and number of man-days employed. None of the respondents is not
willing their children learn this age-old traditional occupation. No modern
technology and new techniques of production have been introduced so far
under any development scheme of the government. This occupation is
not providing adequate employment for the respondents who are
completely depending on this occupation. Only few families are continuing
occupation, out of entire area . Some families who do not
produce pots are purchasing pottery products from other areas for
the purpose of selling in their own area to continue their caste tradition.
The process of pot making requires involvement of two persons, perfect
co-ordination between both and application of patiently [Link]
demand for toddy pots decreased by 50 per cent due to wide spread use of
thrown out plastic bottles of various mineral water and cool drinks companies.
The annual income from all the sources of maximum families is only
Rs. 10,034/-. Majority respondents are suffering severe non-employment.
No respondent opined that there is a scope for modernization of their
occupation, but demanded for provision of shed facility and adequate demand
for their products.
SUGGESTIONS/recommendations

The present study mainly aims at evaluating the socio - economic status and the problems
of pottery artisans in the area. The study finds the problems faced by the artisans and also
the socio – economic of the artisans

.  There should be more active involvement among the youth for the development of the
handicraft sector and also the self employment and improve the socio – economic
conditions of the rural people.

 Cluster center should be establish for providing training to the artisans and improving the
product design and quality of the products.

 Workshop and seminars should be conducted in the village level in order to bring
awareness for the handicraft productions and also the schemes related to the sector.

 The quality of the products should be improved in order to satisfy the taste of the city
consumers and for the purpose of exporting of the products.

 The artisans should be provided with training and should be issued an artisans card for
the development of the artisans in order to avail the govt. schemes.

 The artisans should be encouraged to approach the banks for the purpose of borrowing
the money for the purpose of investment in the sector.

 More emphasis is to be provided in order to increase the income of the artisans involved
in the sector.

 The handicraft marketing agencies should be set up in the village level market in order to
eliminate the marketing problems.
 Questionnaire
I am Bikash Ray, a student of 6th semester pursuing my Bachelor's degree in Political
Science (Honours) at Holy Cross College, Zubabda, Agartala, Tripura. I am conducting a
research study titled:
"A Study on the Socio-Economic Conditions of Potters in Nandanagar Area, West District,
Tripura."
As part of my academic requirement, I am collecting primary data from individuals engaged
in pottery for research purposes only. The information you provide will be kept strictly
confidential and used solely for academic analysis.

Please fill in the appropriate options or write your response where required.

[Link]:
2. Age Group:
☐ Below 20 ☐ 21–30 ☐ 31–40 ☐ 41–50 ☐ 51–60 ☐ Above 60

3. Gender:
☐ Male ☐ Female ☐ Other

4. Religion:
☐ Hindu ☐ Muslim ☐ Christian ☐ Buddhist ☐ Other: __________

5. Marital Status:
☐ Married ☐ Unmarried ☐ Widowed ☐ Divorced

6. Monthly Income from Pottery (approx.): ₹ __________

7. Do you have any other occupation apart from pottery?

☐ Yes ☐ No
If yes, please specify: ____________________________

8. How do you usually spend your income? (Tick all that apply)
☐ Food and household expenses
☐ Education
☐ Health/medicine
☐ Others: ___________________________

9. Do you have access to a bank account?

☐ Yes ☐ No

10. If yes, how would you describe your experience with the bank?
☐ Very supportive ☐ Supportive ☐ Neutral ☐ Uncooperative

11. Have you ever faced any of the following at the bank? (Tick all that apply)
☐ Delay in service
☐ Discrimination
☐ Confusion due to paperwork/formality
☐ No issues faced
☐ Other: ___________________________

12. What challenges do you face as a potter? (Tick all that apply)
☐ Low income
☐ Lack of raw materials
☐ Lack of market access
☐ Poor working conditions
☐ Other: _______________________

13. Are you aware of any government schemes for potters/artisans?

☐ Yes ☐ No
14. If yes, have you benefitted from any government schemes?
☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Applied but not received ☐ Not applicable

15. Have you experienced or witnessed any corruption or unfair practices while applying
for government schemes or benefits?
☐ Yes ☐ No
If yes, please explain briefly: _______________________________________

16. How satisfied are you with the support provided by the government?
☐ Very Satisfied ☐ Satisfied ☐ Neutral ☐ Dissatisfied ☐ Very
Dissatisfied

Signature of the respondent