English (2nd Year)

Unit No. 1: Thy Dying Sun

1. Q. How is it that a star seldom finds another star near it?

A. A star is very lonely because the universe is huge, so stars are very far apart.

2. Q. How did our earth come into existence?

A. Our earth began when a huge passing star pulled a piece of the sun out into space.

3. Q. What happened when the scars began to move away from the sun?

A. The ejected matter cooled down and solidified into planets, including the Earth, as the
stars moved apart.

Unit No. 2: Using the Scientific Method

1. Q. What were the sanitary conditions in cities a hundred years ago?

A. A hundred years ago, city streets were dirty and full of garbage, and diseases were
common.

2. Q. How did people arrange water in the past?

A. In the past, people often got water from nearby wells or rivers, which were often
contaminated.

Unit No. 3: Why Boys Fail in College

1. Q. Why is the bright boy the most pitiable object among our failing students?

A. The bright boy is most pitiable because he has the ability to succeed but wastes it by
not working.

2. Q. How can the failure of talented students be prevented?

A. The failure of talented students can be prevented by making them realize their potential
and teaching them to manage their time and energy.
 3. Q. In which two classes does the writer divide the unsuccessful boys?

A. The writer divides unsuccessful boys into those who cannot pass and those who will
not pass.

Unit No. 4: End of Term

1. Q. What does daiches comment on wishes and why?

A. Daiches comments that wishes are generally silly because they are usually for
impossible or ridiculous things.

2. Q. What was Daiches' general view of school life?

A. Daiches generally viewed school life with dislike, considering it dull and restrictive.

Unit No. 5: On Destroying Books

1. Q. Did he come to have a feeling for those books once he had got rid of them?

A. Yes, he did feel bad and had a "ghostly feeling" of guilt and loss for the books he got
rid of.

2. Q. How did the writer muster up courage at last to filing the books into the river?

A. He finally got the courage by carrying the books a long way to the river and feeling too
tired to turn back.

Unit No. 6: The Man Who Was A Hospital

1. Q. Describe writer's visit to the medical man.

A. The writer went to the doctor, who wrote a prescription without examining him.

2. Q. Write down the prescription, the doctor wrote for Jerome K. Jerome.

A. The doctor's prescription told Jerome to go home, rest, eat well, and stay away from
reading medical books.

3. Q. What was the last disease the writer studied and what did he say after studying it?
 A. The last disease he studied was Housemaid's Knee, and he said he didn't have it,
which disappointed him.

Unit No. 7: My Financial Career

1. Q. What did the clerk ask in surprise when the writer gave him the cheque?

A. The clerk was surprised and asked if the writer wanted to "draw it all out" because the
amount was so small.

2. Q. How did the writer feel when he entered the bank?

A. He felt nervous, terrified, confused, and as if he might pass out when he entered the
bank.

3. Q. After his misadventure in the bank where did Leacock keep his money?

A. After the bank incident, Leacock kept his money in a sock tied around his ankle.

Unit No. 8: China's Way to Progress

1. Q. Briefly explain the term "economic decentralization".

A. Economic decentralization means that local communities make their own economic
decisions instead of a central government.

2. Q. Describe Chinese women.

A. Chinese women are described as strong, independent, hardworking, practical, and

highly respected.

3. Q. How is a Chinese woman different from a western one?

A. A Chinese woman has high status and economic power from working in the fields,
unlike some Western women.

Unit No. 9: Hunger and Population Explosion

1. Q. Who was Robin Hood?

 A. Robin Hood was a legendary English hero who stole money from the rich and gave it
to the poor.

2. Q. Why is birth-rate so high in underdeveloped countries?

A. Birth-rate is high in underdeveloped countries because of poverty, illiteracy, and the

need for many hands to work.

3. Q. Why is birth rate not so high in the more advanced countries?

A. Birth rate is low in advanced countries because people are educated, use birth control,
and don't need many children for labor.

Unit No. 10: The Jewel of the World

1. Q. Give an account of Abd-al-Rahman's dramatic escape.

A. Abd-al-Rahman made a dangerous and adventurous escape across deserts and

mountains from his enemies.

2. Q. What did the Abbasid Caliph say on receiving the head of his governor?

A. The Abbasid Caliph said he was relieved to receive only his governor's head, not Abd-
al-Rahman himself, because Abd-al-Rahman was too dangerous.

3. Q. How did Al-Hakam serve and develop Muslim Spain?

A. Al-Hakam served Muslim Spain by promoting learning, building libraries, advancing

science, and making it an intellectual center.

Unit No. 11: First Year at Harrow

1. Q. Churchill was taught English at Harrow and not Latin and Greek. Was it a gain or loss?

A. Churchill considered it a great gain because he learned English well while others were
struggling with Latin and Greek.

2. Q. Why does Churchill say that examiners ask difficult questions?

A. Churchill says examiners ask difficult questions to confuse the student and discover
what he does not know.
 3. Q. What advantage did Churchill had being in low grade?

A. Being in the lowest grade gave Churchill a great advantage because he was taught
English in detail.

Unit No. 12: Hitchhiking Across The Sahara

1. Q. Give an idea of the size of the Sahara.

A. The Sahara is huge, being over 3,000 miles long and about 1,000 miles wide.

2. Q. Describe El Golea.

A. El Golea is a small, quiet, isolated French outpost and oasis town in the middle of the
Sahara Desert.

3. Q. What was the result of Christopher's foster mother's threatening to send him to
Timbuktu?

A. The result was that Christopher would hide under his bed whenever he misbehaved,
fearing he would actually be sent to Timbuktu.

Unit No. 13: Sir Alexander Fleming

1. Q. What was the chief defect of antiseptic method?

A. The chief defect of the antiseptic method was that it killed the body's defensive cells
along with the germs.

2. Q. Describe how Fleming discovered penicillin.

A. Fleming discovered penicillin when a mold accidentally landed on a culture plate and
killed the bacteria around it.

3. Q. In what respect is penicillin better than the chemical antiseptics?

A. Penicillin is better because it kills bacteria without harming the white blood cells or
tissues of the human body.

Unit No. 14: Louis Pasteur

 1. Q. What was the importance and popularity of silkworm industry in France?

A. Silkworm industry was extremely important in France as it provided employment and

was a vital source of national income.

2. Q. What help did Pasteur render in curing the silkworm disease in France?

A. Pasteur helped cure the silkworm disease by discovering that a microbe was causing it
and advising the farmers to destroy infected worms.

3. Q. Why did Pasteur forget his wedding ceremony?

A. Pasteur forgot his wedding ceremony because he was deeply engrossed and completely
lost in his laboratory work and experiments.

Unit No. 15: Mustafa Kamal

1. Q. What was the reaction of patriots on the division of Ottoman Empire?

A. The patriots' reaction was one of great anger and a desire to resist the division and
fight for the freedom of Turkey.

2. Q. Where did Mustafa Kamal meet Ali Faut?

A. Mustafa Kamal met Ali Faut in Samsun, where they had a secret meeting to plan the
Turkish War of Independence.

3. Q. Give a brief account of Mustafa Kamal as a great nation bulker.

A. Mustafa Kamal reformed Turkey's government, education, law, and social life, making
it a modern, self-reliant nation.

Short Questions from Novel: Good-Bye, Mr. Chips

Chapter No. 1

1. Q. Why did Chips Choose Mrs. Wickett's house after retirement?

A. Chips chose Mrs. Wickett's house because it was comfortable and right across the road
from his beloved Brookfield school.
 2. Q. What were Mr. Chip's feelings on his first day in class?

A. Mr. Chips's feelings on his first day were of sheer terror because the students seemed
wild and uncontrollable.

Chapter No. 2

1. Q. What was the reputation of Brookfield public School?

A. Brookfield's reputation was that it was a second-grade, but still very good, public
school.

2. Q. What was Chips status at the age of sixty?

A. Chips's status at age sixty was very high; he was the oldest, most respected, and most
beloved master at Brookfield.

Chapter No. 3

1. Q. How did Mr. Chips measure his time?

A. Mr. Chips measured his time by the ringing of the school bell, which marked the end of
terms and the passage of years.

Chapter No. 4

1. Q. What kind of political views did Katherine have?

A. Katherine had radical and modern political views, often expressing sympathy for the
poor and workers.

Chapter No. 5

1. Q. Did Katherine like chips profession?

A. Yes, Katherine liked Chips's profession very much and encouraged him to be ambitious
and kind to the students.
 2. Q. Write an account on Mr. Chip's married life.

A. Chips's married life was extremely happy and joyful, transforming his personality and
making him a much better teacher.

Chapter No. 6

1. Q. What sort of school was the Mission or poplar school?

A. The Mission or Poplar School was a small school in a poor area of London that
Brookfield helped support.

2. Q. Write a note on Chips humor.

A. Chips's humor was gentle, old-fashioned, simple, and consisted mostly of mild jokes
and puns that the students enjoyed.

Chapter No. 7

1. Q. What memories of Katherine used to come to Mr. Chips mind again and again.

A. The memories that kept coming back were of her sitting on the fender, her sudden
death, and her encouraging him to be kind.

Chapter No. 8

1. Q. How and when Katherine die?

A. Katherine died in April 1898 from complications during childbirth, and the baby also
died.

2. Q. Who was Faulkner?

A. Faulkner was the German Master at Brookfield who died of fever on the very day
Katherine and the baby died.

Chapter No. 9
 1. Q. Who were boors?

A. The Boers were the Dutch settlers in South Africa who fought against the British in the
Boer War.

2. Q. What did Chips say to Lloyd George?

A. Chips jokingly said to Lloyd George (the future Prime Minister) that he was a
dangerous revolutionary.

Chapter No. 10

1. Q. When and how Mekirum die?

A. Mekirum died in 1913 due to an illness, marking the end of a long teaching partnership
with Chips.

2. Q. How did Mr. Chips remember Katherine Bridges after her death?

A. Mr. Chips remembered Katherine Bridges as forever young, full of life, and the
memory made him feel young again.

Chapter No. 11

1. Q. How did the news of Chips quarrel spread?

A. The news of Chips's quarrel with Ralston spread quickly because Chips was very
popular and the students sided with him.

2. Q. Who was Sir John Rivers and why did he favour Mr. Chips.

A. Sir John Rivers was a governor of Brookfield who favoured Mr. Chips because his own
son had been taught by him.

Chapter No. 12

1. Q. How did Chips pass his time after his retirement?

A. After his first retirement, Chips passed his time by having tea with Mrs. Wickett,
reading detective novels, and writing his memoirs.
Chapter No. 13

1. Q. Who was Forrester?

A. Forrester was a small, nervous new student who was the first "of that family" that
Chips greeted when he returned during the war.

2. Q. How did Chips feel when he rejoined Brookfield?

A. Chips felt delighted, comfortable, and happily at home when he rejoined Brookfield as
acting headmaster.

Chapter No. 14

1. Q. What were Mr. Chips called pre-war?

A. Mr. Chips was affectionately called "old Chips" pre-war.

2. Q. What is rissole? What was the joke about rissole?

A. A rissole is a small meat and rice cake; the joke was that a boy named Rissole once
entered a class taught by Mr. Chips.

Chapter No. 15

1. Q. How can we call Mr. Chips a legend?

A. We can call Mr. Chips a legend because he had been at Brookfield so long that he had
become a traditional and permanent part of the school's history.

2. Q. How did Chips encourage his students during the air rakes of world war?

A. Chips encouraged his students during the air raids by remaining calm, making mild
jokes, and teaching them Latin to distract them.

Chapter No. 16

1. Q. Who was Greg son?

 A. Gregson was a young master who replaced Chips's old position as Latin master and
also helped him during the General Strike.

2. Q. What do you know about the general strike?

A. The General Strike was a national strike in 1926 when many workers stopped work,
and the older boys at Brookfield helped run essential services.

Chapter No. 17

1. Q. What were those things which chips could never do in his life?

A. Chips could never become Headmaster, get a first-class degree, or be an author in his
life.

2. Q. What sort of discussion did chips have with linford?

A. Chips had a sad discussion with Linford where the boy said goodbye, making Chips
realize that he had no children of his own.

Chapter No. 18

1. Q. What did Cartwright say about the children of Mr. Chips?

A. Cartwright said that Mr. Chips did have children—thousands of them—meaning the
generations of boys he had taught at Brookfield.

2. Q. Describe the first encounter between Mr. Chips and Katherine bridges.
A. Their first encounter was at the Lake District, where Chips had a sprained ankle,
and Katherine was a young woman on holiday.

Essay (Template)
[Topic Name] is a vital subject in modern times. It affects every aspect of our lives, from
how we work and learn to how we connect with others, and it has both positive and
negative impacts on our society. It is important to discuss its different aspects in detail so
we can fully understand its role. There are many reasons why [Topic Name] is so
important. Firstly, it has helped to bring about many improvements in our daily life. For
example, [Provide a specific example related to the topic]. This ability to innovate has
dramatically increased efficiency and opened up new opportunities for growth and
 knowledge. Secondly, it plays a key role in the progress of a nation. Nations that embrace
[Topic Name] are often more prosperous and advanced because they can leverage its
power for economic development and global competitiveness. However, [Topic Name]
also presents some serious challenges that require careful consideration. The misuse of
[Topic Name] can lead to various problems, impacting personal security and social
harmony. For instance, [Provide a specific negative example related to the topic].
These issues should be carefully handled through education, regulation, and ethical
guidelines to avoid future complications and ensure its power isn't exploited. In
conclusion, [Topic Name] is a very important part of our lives, shaping the world around
us. While it brings many benefits, it also has some unavoidable drawbacks. We must learn
to use it wisely and responsibly for the betterment of our society. This way, we can
maximize its significant advantages and minimize its disadvantages, leading to a more
responsible and prosperous future for everyone.

Idioms
1. A blessing in disguise – Something good that seems bad at first.
2. A bolt from the blue – A sudden surprise or shock.
3. A bed of roses – An easy and comfortable life.
4. A wild goose chase – A useless or hopeless search.
5. At the eleventh hour – At the last possible moment.
6. Apple of one’s eye – A very dear or loved person.
7. All in all – The most important person or thing.
8. At daggers drawn – Being ready to fight or argue.
9. Add fuel to the fire – To make a bad situation worse.
10. Beat about the bush – To avoid the main topic.
11. Burn the midnight oil – To study or work late at night.
12. By leaps and bounds – Very fast or quickly.
13. Birds of a feather – People who are similar in nature.
14. Break the ice – To start a conversation.
15. Bite the dust – To fail or be defeated.
16. Cry over spilt milk – To regret something that cannot be changed.
17. Cast pearls before swine – To offer something valuable to someone who doesn’t
understand its worth.
18. Cut to the chase – Get to the main point quickly.
19. Come off with flying colours – To succeed brilliantly.
20. Devil’s advocate – A person who argues for the sake of argument.
21. Don’t count your chickens before they hatch – Don’t depend on something before it
happens.
22. Every cloud has a silver lining – There is something good in every bad situation.
23. Face the music – To accept the result of your actions.
24. Fish out of water – Someone uncomfortable in a new situation.
 25. From hand to mouth – Living with just enough money.
26. Give a cold shoulder – To ignore someone.
27. Hit the nail on the head – To say exactly the right thing.
28. In black and white – In writing; officially written.
29. In hot water – In trouble.
30. It’s high time – It’s the right time to do something.
31. Jump on the bandwagon – To join a popular activity or trend.
32. Keep an eye on – To watch carefully.
33. Kill two birds with one stone – To do two things at once.
34. Let the cat out of the bag – To reveal a secret.
35. Make a mountain out of a molehill – To exaggerate or overreact.
36. Make both ends meet – To manage daily expenses.
37. Once in a blue moon – Very rarely.
38. Out of the blue – Suddenly or unexpectedly.
39. Put the cart before the horse – To do things in the wrong order.
40. Rome was not built in a day – Great things take time.
41. Spill the beans – To tell a secret.
42. The ball is in your court – It’s your turn to take action.
43. Through thick and thin – In good and bad times.
44. Take it easy – Relax or calm down.
45. Under the weather – Feeling sick or unwell.
46. Wait for the dust to settle – Wait for a situation to become clear.
47. With open arms – Warmly and happily.
48. You scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours – Help me and I’ll help you.
49. A storm in a teacup – A small issue made big.
50. When pigs fly – Something that will never happen.

Translations

‫تحصزدنیگیکبسےسڑبیتمعنےہ۔ اکیتحصدنمااسننیہزدنیگاکحیحصفطلااھٹاتکسےہ۔ ںیمہتحصدنمرےنہےکےیلاباقدعیگےسورزش‬

‫رکیناچےیہ۔ ایھچتحصےکےیلوتمازنذغایھبرضوریےہ۔تحصدنممسجںیمیہتحصدنمدامغوہاتےہ۔‬

Health is the greatest blessing of life. Only a healthy person can truly enjoy life. We should exercise
regularly to stay healthy. A balanced diet is also necessary for good health. A healthy mind resides
only in a healthy body.

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‫مظنوطبضاکیاکایمبزدنیگیکیجنکےہ۔ ہیںیمہزدنیگںیمحیحصراہتسداھکاتےہ۔ اکیاطبلملعوکاینپزدنیگںیممظنوطبضاکہاظہر رکا‬

‫و اےنپاقمدصاحلصںیہنرکاتکس۔وفجاورالھکڑویںےکےیلمظنوطبضتہبرضوریےہ۔‬،‫اچےیہ۔ اسےکریغب‬
Discipline is the key to a successful life. It shows us the right path in life. A student must show
discipline in their life. Without it, they cannot achieve their goals. Discipline is very essential for the
army and athletes.

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‫اسسنئےنااسنینزدنیگںیماالقنبرباپرکدایےہ۔ اسےنزدنیگےکہرےبعشںیمآاسیندیپارکدیےہ۔ آجمہاسسنئیکدبوتلاچدنرپچنہپ‬

‫یل‬
‫اسےکطلغاامعتسلےسانچبیھبرضوریےہ۔اسسنئیکااجیداتےنداینوکاکیولگلبو جانبدایےہ۔‬،‫ےکچںیہ۔ اتمہ‬

Science has brought a revolution in human life. It has created ease in every field of life. Today, due to
science, we have reached the moon. However, avoiding its misuse is also essential. The inventions of
science have turned the world into a global village.

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‫اامیدناریاکیتہبڑبیوخیبےہ۔ ہیزدنیگےکہرےبعشںیماکایمیبیکامضتندیتیےہ۔ اامیدنارصخشوکہرہگجتزتیکہاگ ےسد اھکتااتےہ۔‬

‫وھجٹاوردوھہکاعریضاکایمیبدےتیںیہنکیلہشیمہںیہن۔ںیمہہشیمہچسوبانلاچےیہاوراامیدناریےساکمانیلاچےیہ۔‬

Honesty is a great virtue. It guarantees success in every field of life. An honest person is viewed
with respect everywhere. Lies and deception give temporary success but not forever. We should
always speak the truth and act with honesty.

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‫اوروعشراطعرکیتےہ۔ اکیمیلعتایہتفاعمرش یہداینںیماانپ‬،‫رنہ‬،‫میلعتیسکیھبوقمیکرت یقےکےیلدایندی تیثیر یتھےہ۔ ہیااسننوکملع‬

‫اقممانباتکسےہ۔ میلعتیکیمکوقومںوکےھچیپدلیکھدیتیےہ۔ںیمہاچےیہہکہرےچبوکمیلعتےکوماعقرفامہرکںی۔‬

Education has a fundamental importance for the progress of any nation. It grants humans
knowledge, skill, and awareness. Only an educated society can establish its place in the world. A
lack of education pushes nations backward. We ought to provide educational opportunities to
every child.