Module 5:
Technological
Trends and People
Media
Unit II
Learning Outcomes
Define Evaluate Describe
Current trends in
a media- Massive open
media and
online courses
information-and information and
and different
technology- how they will affect
dimensions of
literate individual individuals and
people media
society as a whole.
1
Media Media and
Literacy
Information
Literacy 3
2
Technology
Literacy
Information
Literacy
Being Media and
Information Literate
It is essential to have an
understanding of the narrative,
have curiosity and skepticism,
and develop a critical mind.
“To build trust in information and
knowledge at a time when notions of
‘truth’ have been challenged.” Bokova 2017
Effects of MIL
1 Improved learning
environment
• MIL is designed by the UNESCO to
recognize that people are learning in the
classroom, as well as outside the
classroom.
Effects of MIL
1 Improved learning
environment
• It aims to transform people’s interaction
with information and learning
environments online and offline (Grizzle
2017).
Effects of MIL
2 Mastery of the art of
self-expression
• Cambridge Dictionary, self-expression
has been an integral part of the
development of any individual.
Effects of MIL
2 Mastery of the art of
self-expression
• Making a video documentary about
yourself describing your likes and
dislikes, strengths, interests, and
passions would be a good example
(Eulberg 2021)
Effects of MIL
3 Better economic
opportunities
• According to the Media Development
Investment Fund (MDIF), economic
actors need accurate and timely
information to allocate resources
efficiently.
Effects of MIL
3 Better economic
opportunities
• MIL does not only give you a greater
chance of employment but also the
capability of getting the right
strategies to establish your own
business.
Effects of MIL
4 Improved quality of
life
• Quality of life, according to Quality of
Life Research Unit of the University of
Toronto, is the degree to which you
enjoy the important possibilities of
your life.
Effects of MIL
4 Improved quality of
life
• One component of QoL is the
experience of satisfaction.
European
Commission’s
8+1 QoL
domains
Overall experience of life
Natural and living Material living
environments conditions
Governance and
basic rights Productive or
main activity
Economic and
physical safety Health
Social relations
and leisure Education
Effects of MIL
5 Greater Political
Participation
• “MIL is a key tool to combat hate
speech, disinformation, and
misinformation and helps build on
scientific evidence.
Li Andersson
MIL on
Society
1. More cohesive
social units
MIL promotes dialogue and
respect for the perspectives and
cultures of others.
2. Function as a
watchdog
A watchdog “an official organization
that is responsible for checking that
companies obey particular rules and laws
so that standard they provide is
acceptable.
Current and Future
Trends in Media
and Information
Current and Future Trends
3D-printed and virtual
Interactive Environments
Technological advances
a. Interactivity is the functionality
Can not only create economic and that describes the user’s ability to
other benefits, but also lead to change viewpoint/data
significant changes in society manipulation.
Wearable Technologies b. Virtual reality
Refers to electronic devices that
considered as an
can be worn physically either as extension of 3D
an accessory or as part of a computer graphics
material used in clothing.
Current and Future Trends
3D printing is the process
of turning a virtualized 3D
model into a 3D physical
object.
Augmented reality. Through
AR, end users will have an
interactive experience of a
real-world environment.
Three categories
Wearable augmenting displays
1. Optical see-through display
Overlays symbology and graphics
directly on a user’s real-world view.
Three categories
Wearable augmenting displays
2. Video see-through display
Combines imagery gathered from
outward-facing video cameras with
computer-generated graphics.
Three categories
Wearable augmenting displays
3. Handheld augmented reality
systems
They are based on smartphones and
tablets display information overlays and
digital content tied to physical objects
and locations.
Other technologies
3D movies
Hologram
Online Learning
In September 2020, UNICEF revealed that
“ more than 1 billion children are at risk of
falling behind due to school closures.”
Ubiquitous learning
(u-learning) is another technology-driven
educational method, an intersection of
mobile learning with e-learning.
A person connects with the machine, and
the machine answers on the basis of its
programmed functions.
The Advent of Artificial
Intelligence
3 main categories
AI systems-UNESCO
Artificial Artificial
Artificial super
narrow general
intelligence
intelligence intelligence
3 main categories
AI systems-UNESCO
Artificial Narrow Domain-Specific AI (Weak AI), built on rules or
Intelligence boundaries governing the domain.
ANI e.g. computer chess game
Artificial General Strong AI, aims to replicate human-like cognitive
Intelligence abilities. Designed to understand, learn, and apply
AGI knowledge across wide range of activities.
Artificial Super Machines are considered smarter than humans in almost every
Intelligence aspect. AI robots control humans. The world of self-replicating
ASI super intelligence would dominate future civilization.
The Transition to ASI:
How Might It Happen?
1. Gradual Improvement of AGI
Once we achieve AGI, it may begin to improve its own
architecture, algorithms, and abilities autonomously,
leading to superintelligence.
The Transition to ASI:
How Might It Happen?
2. Human-AI Collaboration
Humans could provide the creative direction, while
AGI accelerates the technical innovations needed to
reach superintelligence.
The Transition to ASI:
How Might It Happen?
3. Technological Singularities
Ray Kurzweil, predict that an ASI could reach a
technological singularity- a moment when AI’s intelligence
growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible.
ORIGIN
2015
OpenAI was founded with the mission of developing safe
and beneficial artificial intelligence.
2018
OpenAI released GPT (Generative pretrained
Transformer) the first version of its large language
model.
GPT EVOLUTION
GPT-1 (2018)
• 117 million parameters.
(parameter = a learned value inside the AI’s neural
network)
GPT-2 (2019
• 1.5 billion parameters
• Generated surprisingly coherent text.
GPT EVOLUTION
GPT-3 (2020)
• 175 billion parameters
• Much more powerful, capable of writing essays, code,
poetry, and answering questions convincingly.
THE BIRTH OF CHATGPT
Late 2022
• OpenAI released ChatGPT, a fine-tuned version of
GPT-3.5.
• Launched as a free research preview on Nov 30, 2022.
• Became viral-over 1 million users in 5 days, one of the
fastest-growing consumer applications ever.
RAPID GROWTH
2023
• OpenAI released GPT-4 (March 2023), a more advanced
ChatGPT with multimodal abilities (text + images).
• Microsoft in into Bing Chat and later into Copilot.
• ChatGPT app launched on IOS and Android.
2024
• OpenAI introduced GPT-4 Turbo, a cheaper and faster
variant.
RAPID GROWTH
Today
• 2025: ChatGPT is one of the most widely used AI
platforms in the world.
• It remains a form of Artificial Narrow Intelligence
(ANI)
• It continues to evolve with imrpovements in
reasoning, multimodality, and integration into
everyday tools.
People Media
Media includes multiple communication modes:
• Broadcast and cable TVs • Radios and books
• Newspapers and magazines • Motion pictures
• Video games and online services
UNESCO is concerned with information and news
1. entertainment 2. Interpersonal communication 3. Advertising
• Fourth estate, media outfits pledged to fulfill their role in making
sure that there is good governance and development in democratic
societies.
These outfits include radio programs, TV shows, and newspapers
Arihant 2019, media practitioners (journalists), or those behind
media outfits can be categorized as people in media.
TYPES of
PEOPLE IN MEDIA
1. Print Journalists
They usually report for newspapers or
magazines
2. Photojournalists
A highly trained photographer who may
have worked in a traditional photography
medium. They are more interested in
capturing images that tell a story.
TYPES of
PEOPLE IN MEDIA
3. Broadcast journalists
These journalists are involved in TV and radio
news. They work behind the scenes or on air.
4. Multimedia journalists
They can encompass all fields, as a webpage
can have written story, photos, videos and
audio.
Murotova, Grizzle, and Mirzakhmedova (2019), any person who has
access to the internet can deploy their information agenda,
“being the recipient, distributor, and creator of information about
endless number of topics.”
Has developed a relationship with the media and other platforms,
thus the term
The people as media refers to nonmedia practitioners or lay
persons utilizing media.
1. Opinion Leaders
They interpret media content based on their
views and biases, and these interpretations are
then passed on to opinion followers who have
less exposure with media. (Baran and Davis
2010)
The people as media refers to nonmedia practitioners or lay
persons utilizing media.
2. Citizen journalists
• A.k.a. as democratic, geurilla, participatory,
public, and street journalism.
• Occurs when members of the public become
active participants in the collection, analysis, and
dissemination of information to other citizens.
The people as media refers to nonmedia practitioners or
lay persons utilizing media.
3. Social journalists
• They relay information from professional journalists and citizen
journalists. Netizens who post feedback, comment, or share content.
• Unlike citizen journalism, professional journalists gather and produce
content.
The people as media refers to nonmedia practitioners or lay
persons utilizing media.
4. Crowdsources
• Crowdsourcing happens when a group of people or a crowd is solicited
for information by certain entities or institutions.
• A.k.a collective mobilization- individuals can also post
questions/inquiries where other people can openly share their
answers.