Part Name: Date:

Part Number: Engineering Change Level (ECL) Part: Gage: GD&T: Number of Standard Deviations to be used: 6.00
Total Pt 1 Pt 2 Pt 3 Pt 4 Pt 5 Pt 6 Pt 7 Pt 8 Pt 9 Pt 10 5.15 represents 99% of the total spread.
Tolerance 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 6.00 represents 99.73% of the total spread.
Operator A Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Pt 1 Pt 2 Pt 3 Pt 4 Pt 5 Pt 6 Pt 7 Pt 8 Pt 9 Pt 10 Pt 1 Pt 2 Pt 3 Pt 4 Pt 5 Pt 6 Pt 7 Pt 8 Pt 9 Pt 10 Pt 1 Pt 2 Pt 3 Pt 4 Pt 5 Pt 6 Pt 7 Pt 8 Pt 9 Pt 10
Part 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Operator B Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Pt 1 Pt 2 Pt 3 Pt 4 Pt 5 Pt 6 Pt 7 Pt 8 Pt 9 Pt 10 Pt 1 Pt 2 Pt 3 Pt 4 Pt 5 Pt 6 Pt 7 Pt 8 Pt 9 Pt 10 Pt 1 Pt 2 Pt 3 Pt 4 Pt 5 Pt 6 Pt 7 Pt 8 Pt 9 Pt 10
Part 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Operator C Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Pt 1 Pt 2 Pt 3 Pt 4 Pt 5 Pt 6 Pt 7 Pt 8 Pt 9 Pt 10 Pt 1 Pt 2 Pt 3 Pt 4 Pt 5 Pt 6 Pt 7 Pt 8 Pt 9 Pt 10 Pt 1 Pt 2 Pt 3 Pt 4 Pt 5 Pt 6 Pt 7 Pt 8 Pt 9 Pt 10
Part 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Page 1
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
Tol = 3.00 Part Name: Date:
Data Sheet Part Number: ECL: Part: Gage: GD&T:
APPRAISER / PART
TRIAL # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 AVERAGE

1. A 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. Average Xa =
5. Range Ra =
6. B 1
7. 2
8. 3
9. Average Xb =
10. Range Rb =
11. C 1
12. 2
13. 3
14. Average Xc =
15. Range Rc =
16. Part X =
Average (Xp) Rp =
17. R = [ Ra = ]+[ Rb= ]+[ Rc = ] / [ # of Appraisers = ]= R =
18. [ Max X = ] - [ Min X = ] = XDIFF
19. [R= ] x [ D4* = ] = UCLR
20. [R= ] x [ D3* = 0.00 ] = LCLR

*D4 = 3.27 for 2 trials and 2.58 for 3 trials. UCLR represents the limit of individual R's. Circle those that are
beyond this limit. Identify the cause and correct. Repeat these readings using the same appraiser and unit as originally used or
discard values and re-average and recompute R and the limiting value from the remaining observations.

Notes:
GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Analysis Tolerance based on σ = Pt 1 Tol = 3.00

Measurement Unit Analysis % Variation (TV and Tol)

Repeatability - Equipment Variation (EV)

% EV = 100 ( EV / TV )
EV = R x K1 # Trials K1 % EV =
EV = 2 0.8862
3 0.5908 % EV = 100 ( EV / Tol )
% EV =

Reproducibility - Appraiser Variation (AV)

% AV = 100 ( AV / TV )
AV = [ ( XDIFF x K2 )2 - ( EV2 / nr)] % AV =
AV =
n = Number of Parts % AV = 100 ( AV / Tol )
Operators K2 r = Number of Trials % AV =
2 0.7071 n r
3 0.5231

Repeatability & Reproducibility (R & R)

% R&R = 100 ( R&R / TV )
R&R= ( EV2 + AV2 ) % R&R =
R&R= Parts K3
2 0.7071 % R&R = 100 ( R&R / Tol )
Part Variation (PV) 3 0.5231 % R&R =
PV = RP x K3 4 0.4467

PV = 5 0.4030
6 0.3742 % PV = 100 ( PV / TV)
Total Variation ( TV) 7 0.3534 % PV =
8 0.3375

TV = ( R&R2 + PV2 ) 9 0.3249 % PV = 100 ( PV / Tol)

TV = 10 0.3146 % PV =

All caluclations are based upon a predictive standard deviation. Standard Deviation can be input on Data page.

K1, K2, and K3 will be calculated according to the defined Standard Deviation.

K1 depends upon the number of trials (m) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K2 depends upon the number of appraisers (g) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K3 depends upon the number of parts used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

d2* is obtained from Appendix C, "Measurement Systems Analysis Handbook - Third Edition" page 195.

See page 115-116 for d2 relation to K constants.

 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Tol = 3

PART APPRAISER AVERAGE CHART

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7
Appraiser
0.6 A
Appraiser
mm

0.5 B
Appraiser
C
0.4
UCL
LCL
0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Part Number

The measurement system is generally considered adequate if the majority of the parts fall outside
the control limits, and the appraisers agree on which part averages fall outside.

UCLX = X + A2R =
LCLX = X - A2R =

The Number of Distinct Data Categories = 1.41 x [ PV / R&R ] =

See 'Impact of Number of Distinct Categories (ndc) of the Process Distribution on Control and Analysis
Activities' in the Measurement Systems Analysis handbook (3rd Edition), Figure 5, Page 45 for category
discrimination requirements.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
Tol = 3.00 Part Name: Date:
Data Sheet Part Number: ECL: Part: Gage: GD&T:
APPRAISER / PART
TRIAL # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 AVERAGE

1. A 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. Average Xa =
5. Range Ra =
6. B 1
7. 2
8. 3
9. Average Xb =
10. Range Rb =
11. C 1
12. 2
13. 3
14. Average Xc =
15. Range Rc =
16. Part X =
Average (Xp) Rp =
17. R = [ Ra = ]+[ Rb= ]+[ Rc = ] / [ # of Appraisers = ]= R =
18. [ Max X = ] - [ Min X = ] = XDIFF
19. [R= ] x [ D4* = ] = UCLR
20. [R= ] x [ D3* = 0.00 ] = LCLR

*D4 = 3.27 for 2 trials and 2.58 for 3 trials. UCLR represents the limit of individual R's. Circle those that are
beyond this limit. Identify the cause and correct. Repeat these readings using the same appraiser and unit as originally used or
discard values and re-average and recompute R and the limiting value from the remaining observations.

Notes:
GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Analysis Tolerance based on σ = Pt 2 Tol = 3.00

Measurement Unit Analysis % Variation (TV and Tol)

Repeatability - Equipment Variation (EV)

% EV = 100 ( EV / TV )
EV = R x K1 # Trials K1 % EV =
EV = 2 0.8862
3 0.5908 % EV = 100 ( EV / Tol )
% EV =

Reproducibility - Appraiser Variation (AV)

% AV = 100 ( AV / TV )
AV = [ ( XDIFF x K2 )2 - ( EV2 / nr)] % AV =
AV =
n = Number of Parts % AV = 100 ( AV / Tol )
Operators K2 r = Number of Trials % AV =
2 0.7071 n r
3 0.5231

Repeatability & Reproducibility (R & R)

% R&R = 100 ( R&R / TV )
R&R= ( EV2 + AV2 ) % R&R =
R&R= Parts K3
2 0.7071 % R&R = 100 ( R&R / Tol )
Part Variation (PV) 3 0.5231 % R&R =
PV = RP x K3 4 0.4467

PV = 5 0.4030
6 0.3742 % PV = 100 ( PV / TV)
Total Variation ( TV) 7 0.3534 % PV =
8 0.3375

TV = ( R&R2 + PV2 ) 9 0.3249 % PV = 100 ( PV / Tol)

TV = 10 0.3146 % PV =

All caluclations are based upon a predictive standard deviation. Standard Deviation can be input on Data page.

K1, K2, and K3 will be calculated according to the defined Standard Deviation.

K1 depends upon the number of trials (m) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K2 depends upon the number of appraisers (g) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K3 depends upon the number of parts used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

d2* is obtained from Appendix C, "Measurement Systems Analysis Handbook - Third Edition" page 195.

See page 115-116 for d2 relation to K constants.

 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Tol = 3

PART APPRAISER AVERAGE CHART

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7
Appraiser
0.6 A
Appraiser
mm

0.5 B
Appraiser
C
0.4
UCL
LCL
0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Part Number

The measurement system is generally considered adequate if the majority of the parts fall outside
the control limits, and the appraisers agree on which part averages fall outside.

UCLX = X + A2R =
LCLX = X - A2R =

The Number of Distinct Data Categories = 1.41 x [ PV / R&R ] =

See 'Impact of Number of Distinct Categories (ndc) of the Process Distribution on Control and Analysis
Activities' in the Measurement Systems Analysis handbook (3rd Edition), Figure 5, Page 45 for category
discrimination requirements.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
Tol = 3.00 Part Name: Date:
Data Sheet Part Number: ECL: Part: Gage: GD&T:
APPRAISER / PART
TRIAL # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 AVERAGE

1. A 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. Average Xa =
5. Range Ra =
6. B 1
7. 2
8. 3
9. Average Xb =
10. Range Rb =
11. C 1
12. 2
13. 3
14. Average Xc =
15. Range Rc =
16. Part X =
Average (Xp) Rp =
17. R = [ Ra = ]+[ Rb= ]+[ Rc = ] / [ # of Appraisers = ]= R =
18. [ Max X = ] - [ Min X = ] = XDIFF
19. [R= ] x [ D4* = ] = UCLR
20. [R= ] x [ D3* = 0.00 ] = LCLR

*D4 = 3.27 for 2 trials and 2.58 for 3 trials. UCLR represents the limit of individual R's. Circle those that are
beyond this limit. Identify the cause and correct. Repeat these readings using the same appraiser and unit as originally used or
discard values and re-average and recompute R and the limiting value from the remaining observations.

Notes:
GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Analysis Tolerance based on σ = Pt 3 Tol = 3.00

Measurement Unit Analysis % Variation (TV and Tol)

Repeatability - Equipment Variation (EV)

% EV = 100 ( EV / TV )
EV = R x K1 # Trials K1 % EV =
EV = 2 0.8862
3 0.5908 % EV = 100 ( EV / Tol )
% EV =

Reproducibility - Appraiser Variation (AV)

% AV = 100 ( AV / TV )
AV = [ ( XDIFF x K2 )2 - ( EV2 / nr)] % AV =
AV =
n = Number of Parts % AV = 100 ( AV / Tol )
Operators K2 r = Number of Trials % AV =
2 0.7071 n r
3 0.5231

Repeatability & Reproducibility (R & R)

% R&R = 100 ( R&R / TV )
R&R= ( EV2 + AV2 ) % R&R =
R&R= Parts K3
2 0.7071 % R&R = 100 ( R&R / Tol )
Part Variation (PV) 3 0.5231 % R&R =
PV = RP x K3 4 0.4467

PV = 5 0.4030
6 0.3742 % PV = 100 ( PV / TV)
Total Variation ( TV) 7 0.3534 % PV =
8 0.3375

TV = ( R&R2 + PV2 ) 9 0.3249 % PV = 100 ( PV / Tol)

TV = 10 0.3146 % PV =

All caluclations are based upon a predictive standard deviation. Standard Deviation can be input on Data page.

K1, K2, and K3 will be calculated according to the defined Standard Deviation.

K1 depends upon the number of trials (m) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K2 depends upon the number of appraisers (g) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K3 depends upon the number of parts used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

d2* is obtained from Appendix C, "Measurement Systems Analysis Handbook - Third Edition" page 195.

See page 115-116 for d2 relation to K constants.

 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Tol = 3

PART APPRAISER AVERAGE CHART

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7
Appraiser
0.6 A
Appraiser
mm

0.5 B
Appraiser
0.4 C
UCL
0.3 LCL

0.2

0.1

0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Part Number

The measurement system is generally considered adequate if the majority of the parts fall outside
the control limits, and the appraisers agree on which part averages fall outside.

UCLX = X + A2R =
LCLX = X - A2R =

The Number of Distinct Data Categories = 1.41 x [ PV / R&R ] =

See 'Impact of Number of Distinct Categories (ndc) of the Process Distribution on Control and Analysis
Activities' in the Measurement Systems Analysis handbook (3rd Edition), Figure 5, Page 45 for category
discrimination requirements.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
Tol = 3.00 Part Name: Date:
Data Sheet Part Number: ECL: Part: Gage: GD&T:
APPRAISER / PART
TRIAL # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 AVERAGE

1. A 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. Average Xa =
5. Range Ra =
6. B 1
7. 2
8. 3
9. Average Xb =
10. Range Rb =
11. C 1
12. 2
13. 3
14. Average Xc =
15. Range Rc =
16. Part X =
Average (Xp) Rp =
17. R = [ Ra = ]+[ Rb= ]+[ Rc = ] / [ # of Appraisers = ]= R =
18. [ Max X = ] - [ Min X = ] = XDIFF
19. [R= ] x [ D4* = ] = UCLR
20. [R= ] x [ D3* = 0.00 ] = LCLR

*D4 = 3.27 for 2 trials and 2.58 for 3 trials. UCLR represents the limit of individual R's. Circle those that are
beyond this limit. Identify the cause and correct. Repeat these readings using the same appraiser and unit as originally used or
discard values and re-average and recompute R and the limiting value from the remaining observations.

Notes:
GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Analysis Tolerance based on σ = Pt 4 Tol = 3.00

Measurement Unit Analysis % Variation (TV and Tol)

Repeatability - Equipment Variation (EV)

% EV = 100 ( EV / TV )
EV = R x K1 # Trials K1 % EV =
EV = 2 0.8862
3 0.5908 % EV = 100 ( EV / Tol )
% EV =

Reproducibility - Appraiser Variation (AV)

% AV = 100 ( AV / TV )
AV = [ ( XDIFF x K2 )2 - ( EV2 / nr)] % AV =
AV =
n = Number of Parts % AV = 100 ( AV / Tol )
Operators K2 r = Number of Trials % AV =
2 0.7071 n r
3 0.5231

Repeatability & Reproducibility (R & R)

% R&R = 100 ( R&R / TV )
R&R= ( EV2 + AV2 ) % R&R =
R&R= Parts K3
2 0.7071 % R&R = 100 ( R&R / Tol )
Part Variation (PV) 3 0.5231 % R&R =
PV = RP x K3 4 0.4467

PV = 5 0.4030
6 0.3742 % PV = 100 ( PV / TV)
Total Variation ( TV) 7 0.3534 % PV =
8 0.3375

TV = ( R&R2 + PV2 ) 9 0.3249 % PV = 100 ( PV / Tol)

TV = 10 0.3146 % PV =

All caluclations are based upon a predictive standard deviation. Standard Deviation can be input on Data page.

K1, K2, and K3 will be calculated according to the defined Standard Deviation.

K1 depends upon the number of trials (m) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K2 depends upon the number of appraisers (g) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K3 depends upon the number of parts used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

d2* is obtained from Appendix C, "Measurement Systems Analysis Handbook - Third Edition" page 195.

See page 115-116 for d2 relation to K constants.

 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Tol = 3

PART APPRAISER AVERAGE CHART

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7
Appraiser
0.6 A
Appraiser
mm

0.5 B
Appraiser
C
0.4
UCL
LCL
0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Part Number

The measurement system is generally considered adequate if the majority of the parts fall outside
the control limits, and the appraisers agree on which part averages fall outside.

UCLX = X + A2R =
LCLX = X - A2R =

The Number of Distinct Data Categories = 1.41 x [ PV / R&R ] =

See 'Impact of Number of Distinct Categories (ndc) of the Process Distribution on Control and Analysis
Activities' in the Measurement Systems Analysis handbook (3rd Edition), Figure 5, Page 45 for category
discrimination requirements.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
Tol = 3.00 Part Name: Date:
Data Sheet Part Number: ECL: Part: Gage: GD&T:
APPRAISER / PART
TRIAL # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 AVERAGE

1. A 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. Average Xa =
5. Range Ra =
6. B 1
7. 2
8. 3
9. Average Xb =
10. Range Rb =
11. C 1
12. 2
13. 3
14. Average Xc =
15. Range Rc =
16. Part X =
Average (Xp) Rp =
17. R = [ Ra = ]+[ Rb= ]+[ Rc = ] / [ # of Appraisers = ]= R =
18. [ Max X = ] - [ Min X = ] = XDIFF
19. [R= ] x [ D4* = ] = UCLR
20. [R= ] x [ D3* = 0.00 ] = LCLR

*D4 = 3.27 for 2 trials and 2.58 for 3 trials. UCLR represents the limit of individual R's. Circle those that are
beyond this limit. Identify the cause and correct. Repeat these readings using the same appraiser and unit as originally used or
discard values and re-average and recompute R and the limiting value from the remaining observations.

Notes:
GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Analysis Tolerance based on σ = Pt 5 Tol = 3.00

Measurement Unit Analysis % Variation (TV and Tol)

Repeatability - Equipment Variation (EV)

% EV = 100 ( EV / TV )
EV = R x K1 # Trials K1 % EV =
EV = 2 0.8862
3 0.5908 % EV = 100 ( EV / Tol )
% EV =

Reproducibility - Appraiser Variation (AV)

% AV = 100 ( AV / TV )
AV = [ ( XDIFF x K2 )2 - ( EV2 / nr)] % AV =
AV =
n = Number of Parts % AV = 100 ( AV / Tol )
Operators K2 r = Number of Trials % AV =
2 0.7071 n r
3 0.5231

Repeatability & Reproducibility (R & R)

% R&R = 100 ( R&R / TV )
R&R= ( EV2 + AV2 ) % R&R =
R&R= Parts K3
2 0.7071 % R&R = 100 ( R&R / Tol )
Part Variation (PV) 3 0.5231 % R&R =
PV = RP x K3 4 0.4467

PV = 5 0.4030
6 0.3742 % PV = 100 ( PV / TV)
Total Variation ( TV) 7 0.3534 % PV =
8 0.3375

TV = ( R&R2 + PV2 ) 9 0.3249 % PV = 100 ( PV / Tol)

TV = 10 0.3146 % PV =

All caluclations are based upon a predictive standard deviation. Standard Deviation can be input on Data page.

K1, K2, and K3 will be calculated according to the defined Standard Deviation.

K1 depends upon the number of trials (m) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K2 depends upon the number of appraisers (g) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K3 depends upon the number of parts used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

d2* is obtained from Appendix C, "Measurement Systems Analysis Handbook - Third Edition" page 195.

See page 115-116 for d2 relation to K constants.

 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Tol = 3

PART APPRAISER AVERAGE CHART

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7
Appraiser
0.6 A
Appraiser
mm

0.5 B
Appraiser
C
0.4
UCL
LCL
0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Part Number

The measurement system is generally considered adequate if the majority of the parts fall outside
the control limits, and the appraisers agree on which part averages fall outside.

UCLX = X + A2R =
LCLX = X - A2R =

The Number of Distinct Data Categories = 1.41 x [ PV / R&R ] =

See 'Impact of Number of Distinct Categories (ndc) of the Process Distribution on Control and Analysis
Activities' in the Measurement Systems Analysis handbook (3rd Edition), Figure 5, Page 45 for category
discrimination requirements.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
Tol = 3.00 Part Name: Date:
Data Sheet Part Number: ECL: Part: Gage: GD&T:
APPRAISER / PART
TRIAL # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 AVERAGE

1. A 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. Average Xa =
5. Range Ra =
6. B 1
7. 2
8. 3
9. Average Xb =
10. Range Rb =
11. C 1
12. 2
13. 3
14. Average Xc =
15. Range Rc =
16. Part X =
Average (Xp) Rp =
17. R = [ Ra = ]+[ Rb= ]+[ Rc = ] / [ # of Appraisers = ]= R =
18. [ Max X = ] - [ Min X = ] = XDIFF
19. [R= ] x [ D4* = ] = UCLR
20. [R= ] x [ D3* = 0.00 ] = LCLR

*D4 = 3.27 for 2 trials and 2.58 for 3 trials. UCLR represents the limit of individual R's. Circle those that are
beyond this limit. Identify the cause and correct. Repeat these readings using the same appraiser and unit as originally used or
discard values and re-average and recompute R and the limiting value from the remaining observations.

Notes:
GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Analysis Tolerance based on σ = Pt 6 Tol = 3.00

Measurement Unit Analysis % Variation (TV and Tol)

Repeatability - Equipment Variation (EV)

% EV = 100 ( EV / TV )
EV = R x K1 # Trials K1 % EV =
EV = 2 0.8862
3 0.5908 % EV = 100 ( EV / Tol )
% EV =

Reproducibility - Appraiser Variation (AV)

% AV = 100 ( AV / TV )
AV = [ ( XDIFF x K2 )2 - ( EV2 / nr)] % AV =
AV =
n = Number of Parts % AV = 100 ( AV / Tol )
Operators K2 r = Number of Trials % AV =
2 0.7071 n r
3 0.5231

Repeatability & Reproducibility (R & R)

% R&R = 100 ( R&R / TV )
R&R= ( EV2 + AV2 ) % R&R =
R&R= Parts K3
2 0.7071 % R&R = 100 ( R&R / Tol )
Part Variation (PV) 3 0.5231 % R&R =
PV = RP x K3 4 0.4467

PV = 5 0.4030
6 0.3742 % PV = 100 ( PV / TV)
Total Variation ( TV) 7 0.3534 % PV =
8 0.3375

TV = ( R&R2 + PV2 ) 9 0.3249 % PV = 100 ( PV / Tol)

TV = 10 0.3146 % PV =

All caluclations are based upon a predictive standard deviation. Standard Deviation can be input on Data page.

K1, K2, and K3 will be calculated according to the defined Standard Deviation.

K1 depends upon the number of trials (m) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K2 depends upon the number of appraisers (g) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K3 depends upon the number of parts used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

d2* is obtained from Appendix C, "Measurement Systems Analysis Handbook - Third Edition" page 195.

See page 115-116 for d2 relation to K constants.

 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Tol = 3

PART APPRAISER AVERAGE CHART

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7
Appraiser
0.6 A
Appraiser
mm

0.5 B
Appraiser
C
0.4
UCL
LCL
0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Part Number

The measurement system is generally considered adequate if the majority of the parts fall outside
the control limits, and the appraisers agree on which part averages fall outside.

UCLX = X + A2R =
LCLX = X - A2R =

The Number of Distinct Data Categories = 1.41 x [ PV / R&R ] =

See 'Impact of Number of Distinct Categories (ndc) of the Process Distribution on Control and Analysis
Activities' in the Measurement Systems Analysis handbook (3rd Edition), Figure 5, Page 45 for category
discrimination requirements.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
Tol = 0.00 Part Name: Date:
Data Sheet Part Number: ECL: Part: Gage: GD&T:
APPRAISER / PART
TRIAL # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 AVERAGE

1. A 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. Average Xa =
5. Range Ra =
6. B 1
7. 2
8. 3
9. Average Xb =
10. Range Rb =
11. C 1
12. 2
13. 3
14. Average Xc =
15. Range Rc =
16. Part X =
Average (Xp) Rp =
17. R = [ Ra = ]+[ Rb= ]+[ Rc = ] / [ # of Appraisers = ]= R =
18. [ Max X = ] - [ Min X = ] = XDIFF
19. [R= ] x [ D4* = ] = UCLR
20. [R= ] x [ D3* = 0.00 ] = LCLR

*D4 = 3.27 for 2 trials and 2.58 for 3 trials. UCLR represents the limit of individual R's. Circle those that are
beyond this limit. Identify the cause and correct. Repeat these readings using the same appraiser and unit as originally used or
discard values and re-average and recompute R and the limiting value from the remaining observations.

Notes:
GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Analysis Tolerance based on σ = Pt 7 Tol = 0.00

Measurement Unit Analysis % Variation (TV and Tol)

Repeatability - Equipment Variation (EV)

% EV = 100 ( EV / TV )
EV = R x K1 # Trials K1 % EV =
EV = 2 0.8862
3 0.5908 % EV = 100 ( EV / Tol )
% EV =

Reproducibility - Appraiser Variation (AV)

% AV = 100 ( AV / TV )
AV = [ ( XDIFF x K2 )2 - ( EV2 / nr)] % AV =
AV =
n = Number of Parts % AV = 100 ( AV / Tol )
Operators K2 r = Number of Trials % AV =
2 0.7071 n r
3 0.5231

Repeatability & Reproducibility (R & R)

% R&R = 100 ( R&R / TV )
R&R= ( EV2 + AV2 ) % R&R =
R&R= Parts K3
2 0.7071 % R&R = 100 ( R&R / Tol )
Part Variation (PV) 3 0.5231 % R&R =
PV = RP x K3 4 0.4467

PV = 5 0.4030
6 0.3742 % PV = 100 ( PV / TV)
Total Variation ( TV) 7 0.3534 % PV =
8 0.3375

TV = ( R&R2 + PV2 ) 9 0.3249 % PV = 100 ( PV / Tol)

TV = 10 0.3146 % PV =

All caluclations are based upon a predictive standard deviation. Standard Deviation can be input on Data page.

K1, K2, and K3 will be calculated according to the defined Standard Deviation.

K1 depends upon the number of trials (m) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K2 depends upon the number of appraisers (g) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K3 depends upon the number of parts used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

d2* is obtained from Appendix C, "Measurement Systems Analysis Handbook - Third Edition" page 195.

See page 115-116 for d2 relation to K constants.

 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Tol = 0

PART APPRAISER AVERAGE CHART

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7
Appraiser
0.6 A
Appraiser
mm

0.5 B
Appraiser
0.4 C
UCL
0.3 LCL

0.2

0.1

0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Part Number

The measurement system is generally considered adequate if the majority of the parts fall outside
the control limits, and the appraisers agree on which part averages fall outside.

UCLX = X + A2R =
LCLX = X - A2R =

The Number of Distinct Data Categories = 1.41 x [ PV / R&R ] =

See 'Impact of Number of Distinct Categories (ndc) of the Process Distribution on Control and Analysis
Activities' in the Measurement Systems Analysis handbook (3rd Edition), Figure 5, Page 45 for category
discrimination requirements.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
Tol = 0.00 Part Name: Date:
Data Sheet Part Number: ECL: Part: Gage: GD&T:
APPRAISER / PART
TRIAL # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 AVERAGE

1. A 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. Average Xa =
5. Range Ra =
6. B 1
7. 2
8. 3
9. Average Xb =
10. Range Rb =
11. C 1
12. 2
13. 3
14. Average Xc =
15. Range Rc =
16. Part X =
Average (Xp) Rp =
17. R = [ Ra = ]+[ Rb= ]+[ Rc = ] / [ # of Appraisers = ]= R =
18. [ Max X = ] - [ Min X = ] = XDIFF
19. [R= ] x [ D4* = ] = UCLR
20. [R= ] x [ D3* = 0.00 ] = LCLR

*D4 = 3.27 for 2 trials and 2.58 for 3 trials. UCLR represents the limit of individual R's. Circle those that are
beyond this limit. Identify the cause and correct. Repeat these readings using the same appraiser and unit as originally used or
discard values and re-average and recompute R and the limiting value from the remaining observations.

Notes:
GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Analysis Tolerance based on σ = Pt 8 Tol = 0.00

Measurement Unit Analysis % Variation (TV and Tol)

Repeatability - Equipment Variation (EV)

% EV = 100 ( EV / TV )
EV = R x K1 # Trials K1 % EV =
EV = 2 0.8862
3 0.5908 % EV = 100 ( EV / Tol )
% EV =

Reproducibility - Appraiser Variation (AV)

% AV = 100 ( AV / TV )
AV = [ ( XDIFF x K2 )2 - ( EV2 / nr)] % AV =
AV =
n = Number of Parts % AV = 100 ( AV / Tol )
Operators K2 r = Number of Trials % AV =
2 0.7071 n r
3 0.5231

Repeatability & Reproducibility (R & R)

% R&R = 100 ( R&R / TV )
R&R= ( EV2 + AV2 ) % R&R =
R&R= Parts K3
2 0.7071 % R&R = 100 ( R&R / Tol )
Part Variation (PV) 3 0.5231 % R&R =
PV = RP x K3 4 0.4467

PV = 5 0.4030
6 0.3742 % PV = 100 ( PV / TV)
Total Variation ( TV) 7 0.3534 % PV =
8 0.3375

TV = ( R&R2 + PV2 ) 9 0.3249 % PV = 100 ( PV / Tol)

TV = 10 0.3146 % PV =

All caluclations are based upon a predictive standard deviation. Standard Deviation can be input on Data page.

K1, K2, and K3 will be calculated according to the defined Standard Deviation.

K1 depends upon the number of trials (m) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K2 depends upon the number of appraisers (g) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K3 depends upon the number of parts used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

d2* is obtained from Appendix C, "Measurement Systems Analysis Handbook - Third Edition" page 195.

See page 115-116 for d2 relation to K constants.

 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Tol = 0

PART APPRAISER AVERAGE CHART

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7
Appraiser
0.6 A
Appraiser
mm

0.5 B
Appraiser
C
0.4
UCL
LCL
0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Part Number

The measurement system is generally considered adequate if the majority of the parts fall outside
the control limits, and the appraisers agree on which part averages fall outside.

UCLX = X + A2R =
LCLX = X - A2R =

The Number of Distinct Data Categories = 1.41 x [ PV / R&R ] =

See 'Impact of Number of Distinct Categories (ndc) of the Process Distribution on Control and Analysis
Activities' in the Measurement Systems Analysis handbook (3rd Edition), Figure 5, Page 45 for category
discrimination requirements.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
Tol = 0.00 Part Name: Date:
Data Sheet Part Number: ECL: Part: Gage: GD&T:
APPRAISER / PART
TRIAL # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 AVERAGE

1. A 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. Average Xa =
5. Range Ra =
6. B 1
7. 2
8. 3
9. Average Xb =
10. Range Rb =
11. C 1
12. 2
13. 3
14. Average Xc =
15. Range Rc =
16. Part X =
Average (Xp) Rp =
17. R = [ Ra = ]+[ Rb= ]+[ Rc = ] / [ # of Appraisers = ]= R =
18. [ Max X = ] - [ Min X = ] = XDIFF
19. [R= ] x [ D4* = ] = UCLR
20. [R= ] x [ D3* = 0.00 ] = LCLR

*D4 = 3.27 for 2 trials and 2.58 for 3 trials. UCLR represents the limit of individual R's. Circle those that are
beyond this limit. Identify the cause and correct. Repeat these readings using the same appraiser and unit as originally used or
discard values and re-average and recompute R and the limiting value from the remaining observations.

Notes:
GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Analysis Tolerance based on σ = Pt 9 Tol = 0.00

Measurement Unit Analysis % Variation (TV and Tol)

Repeatability - Equipment Variation (EV)

% EV = 100 ( EV / TV )
EV = R x K1 # Trials K1 % EV =
EV = 2 0.8862
3 0.5908 % EV = 100 ( EV / Tol )
% EV =

Reproducibility - Appraiser Variation (AV)

% AV = 100 ( AV / TV )
AV = [ ( XDIFF x K2 )2 - ( EV2 / nr)] % AV =
AV =
n = Number of Parts % AV = 100 ( AV / Tol )
Operators K2 r = Number of Trials % AV =
2 0.7071 n r
3 0.5231

Repeatability & Reproducibility (R & R)

% R&R = 100 ( R&R / TV )
R&R= ( EV2 + AV2 ) % R&R =
R&R= Parts K3
2 0.7071 % R&R = 100 ( R&R / Tol )
Part Variation (PV) 3 0.5231 % R&R =
PV = RP x K3 4 0.4467

PV = 5 0.4030
6 0.3742 % PV = 100 ( PV / TV)
Total Variation ( TV) 7 0.3534 % PV =
8 0.3375

TV = ( R&R2 + PV2 ) 9 0.3249 % PV = 100 ( PV / Tol)

TV = 10 0.3146 % PV =

All caluclations are based upon a predictive standard deviation. Standard Deviation can be input on Data page.

K1, K2, and K3 will be calculated according to the defined Standard Deviation.

K1 depends upon the number of trials (m) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K2 depends upon the number of appraisers (g) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K3 depends upon the number of parts used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

d2* is obtained from Appendix C, "Measurement Systems Analysis Handbook - Third Edition" page 195.

See page 115-116 for d2 relation to K constants.

 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Tol = 0

PART APPRAISER AVERAGE CHART

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7
Appraiser
0.6 A
Appraiser
mm

0.5 B
Appraiser
C
0.4
UCL
LCL
0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Part Number

The measurement system is generally considered adequate if the majority of the parts fall outside
the control limits, and the appraisers agree on which part averages fall outside.

UCLX = X + A2R =
LCLX = X - A2R =

The Number of Distinct Data Categories = 1.41 x [ PV / R&R ] =

See 'Impact of Number of Distinct Categories (ndc) of the Process Distribution on Control and Analysis
Activities' in the Measurement Systems Analysis handbook (3rd Edition), Figure 5, Page 45 for category
discrimination requirements.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
Tol = 0.00 Part Name: Date:
Data Sheet Part Number: ECL: Part: Gage: GD&T:
APPRAISER / PART
TRIAL # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 AVERAGE

1. A 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. Average Xa =
5. Range Ra =
6. B 1
7. 2
8. 3
9. Average Xb =
10. Range Rb =
11. C 1
12. 2
13. 3
14. Average Xc =
15. Range Rc =
16. Part X =
Average (Xp) Rp =
17. R = [ Ra = ]+[ Rb= ]+[ Rc = ] / [ # of Appraisers = ]= R =
18. [ Max X = ] - [ Min X = ] = XDIFF
19. [R= ] x [ D4* = ] = UCLR
20. [R= ] x [ D3* = 0.00 ] = LCLR

*D4 = 3.27 for 2 trials and 2.58 for 3 trials. UCLR represents the limit of individual R's. Circle those that are
beyond this limit. Identify the cause and correct. Repeat these readings using the same appraiser and unit as originally used or
discard values and re-average and recompute R and the limiting value from the remaining observations.

Notes:
GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Analysis Tolerance based on σ = Pt 10 Tol = 0.00

Measurement Unit Analysis % Variation (TV and Tol)

Repeatability - Equipment Variation (EV)

% EV = 100 ( EV / TV )
EV = R x K1 # Trials K1 % EV =
EV = 2 0.8862
3 0.5908 % EV = 100 ( EV / Tol )
% EV =

Reproducibility - Appraiser Variation (AV)

% AV = 100 ( AV / TV )
AV = [ ( XDIFF x K2 )2 - ( EV2 / nr)] % AV =
AV =
n = Number of Parts % AV = 100 ( AV / Tol )
Operators K2 r = Number of Trials % AV =
2 0.7071 n r
3 0.5231

Repeatability & Reproducibility (R & R)

% R&R = 100 ( R&R / TV )
R&R= ( EV2 + AV2 ) % R&R =
R&R= Parts K3
2 0.7071 % R&R = 100 ( R&R / Tol )
Part Variation (PV) 3 0.5231 % R&R =
PV = RP x K3 4 0.4467

PV = 5 0.4030
6 0.3742 % PV = 100 ( PV / TV)
Total Variation ( TV) 7 0.3534 % PV =
8 0.3375

TV = ( R&R2 + PV2 ) 9 0.3249 % PV = 100 ( PV / Tol)

TV = 10 0.3146 % PV =

All caluclations are based upon a predictive standard deviation. Standard Deviation can be input on Data page.

K1, K2, and K3 will be calculated according to the defined Standard Deviation.

K1 depends upon the number of trials (m) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K2 depends upon the number of appraisers (g) used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.

K3 depends upon the number of parts used in the gage study and is equal to the inverse of d2*.
 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

d2* is obtained from Appendix C, "Measurement Systems Analysis Handbook - Third Edition" page 195.

See page 115-116 for d2 relation to K constants.

 GAGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY STUDY
(Average and Range Method)

Tol = 0

PART APPRAISER AVERAGE CHART

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7
Appraiser
0.6 A
Appraiser
mm

0.5 B
Appraiser
C
0.4
UCL
LCL
0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Part Number

The measurement system is generally considered adequate if the majority of the parts fall outside
the control limits, and the appraisers agree on which part averages fall outside.

UCLX = X + A2R =
LCLX = X - A2R =

The Number of Distinct Data Categories = 1.41 x [ PV / R&R ] =

See 'Impact of Number of Distinct Categories (ndc) of the Process Distribution on Control and Analysis
Activities' in the Measurement Systems Analysis handbook (3rd Edition), Figure 5, Page 45 for category
discrimination requirements.
 Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility Summary

Part Name:
Part Number:
Date:

Engineering Change Level (ECL) Part:

Gage:
GD&T:

Equipment Appraiser
Variation Variation Part X-bar diff to R double-ba
Point Gage R&R Repeatability Reproducibility Variation Tolerance
Pt 1 3.00 :
Pt 2 3.00 :
Pt 3 3.00 :
Pt 4 3.00 :
Pt 5 3.00 :
Pt 6 3.00 :
Pt 7 :
Pt 8 :
Pt 9 :
Pt 10 :
 Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility Summary

X-bar diff to R double-bar Ratio

 Subgroup Size (m)
2 3 4 5 6 7
1 1.41421 1.91155 2.23887 2.48124 2.67253 2.82981
2 1.27931 1.80538
3 1.23105 1.76858 d*2 for K1, d* is dependent on the number of trials (m) a
2
4 1.20621 1.74989 of parts x the number of appraisers (g).
5 1.19105 1.73857
6 1.18083 1.73099 d*2 for K2, d* is dependent on the number of appraiser
2
7 1.17348 1.72555
Number of Subgroups (g)

since there is only one range of calculation.

8 1.16794 1.72147
9 1.16361 1.71828 d*2 for K3, d*2 is dependent on the number of parts (
10 1.16014 1.71573 since there is only one range calculation.
11 1.15729 1.71363
12 1.15490 1.71189
13 1.15289 1.71041
14 1.15115 1.70914
15 1.14965 1.70804
16 1.14833 1.70708
17 1.14717 1.70623
18 1.14613 1.70547
19 1.14520 1.70480
20 1.14437 1.70419

> 20 1.12838 1.69257

m)
8 9 10
2.96288 3.07794 3.17905

ent on the number of trials (m) and the number

number of appraisers (g).

ent on the number of appraisers (m) and g=1,

only one range of calculation.

dent on the number of parts (m) and g = 1,

s only one range calculation.