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Python Functions: Types and Usage Guide

The document provides an overview of functions in Python, detailing their definition, types, and usage. It covers built-in and user-defined functions, how to define and call functions, as well as parameters, arguments, return statements, variable scope, lambda functions, and recursion. Examples are included to illustrate each concept effectively.

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5 views3 pages

Python Functions: Types and Usage Guide

The document provides an overview of functions in Python, detailing their definition, types, and usage. It covers built-in and user-defined functions, how to define and call functions, as well as parameters, arguments, return statements, variable scope, lambda functions, and recursion. Examples are included to illustrate each concept effectively.

Uploaded by

afra8986
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Working with Functions in Python

1. Introduction to Functions
A function is a block of reusable code that performs a specific task. Functions help in
modularity, code reusability, and better organization.

2. Types of Functions
1. Built-in Functions – Provided by Python (e.g., print(), len(), max(), sum(), etc.).
2. User-defined Functions – Created by users to perform specific tasks.

3. Defining a Function
Use the def keyword to define a function:

Example:

def greet():
print("Hello, Welcome to Python!")

4. Calling a Function
To execute a function, use its name followed by parentheses.

Example:

greet() # Output: Hello, Welcome to Python!

5. Function Parameters and Arguments


Parameters: Variables listed in the function definition.
Arguments: Values passed to the function.

Example:

def add(a, b): # 'a' and 'b' are parameters


return a + b

result = add(5, 3) # Passing arguments 5 and 3


print(result) # Output: 8

Types of Arguments:
1. Positional Arguments – Passed in the correct order.
2. Default Arguments – Assign a default value if no argument is provided.
3. Keyword Arguments – Passed with parameter names.
4. Variable-length Arguments – *args (Non-keyword arguments), **kwargs (Keyword
arguments).
Example:

def greet(name="Guest"):
print("Hello,", name)

greet("Alice") # Output: Hello, Alice


greet() # Output: Hello, Guest

6. Return Statement
A function can return a value using return.

Example:

def square(n):
return n * n

print(square(4)) # Output: 16

7. Scope of Variables
Local Variable – Defined inside a function, accessible only within it.
Global Variable – Defined outside any function, accessible throughout the program.

Example:

x = 10 # Global variable

def show():
y = 5 # Local variable
print(x + y)

show() # Output: 15

8. Lambda (Anonymous) Functions


A short, single-line function using lambda.

Example:

square = lambda x: x * x
print(square(5)) # Output: 25

9. Recursive Functions
A function calling itself.

Example:

def factorial(n):
if n == 1:
return 1
return n * factorial(n - 1)

print(factorial(5)) # Output: 120

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