(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,

Vol. 1, No. 6, December 2010

Microcontroller Based Home Automation System

With Security
Inderpreet Kaur (Asstt. Prof.)
Rayat and Bahra Institute of Engineering and Bio-technology, Mohali, India
Email: inder_preet74@[Link]

Abstract— With advancement of technology things are becoming A home automation system integrates electrical devices in a
simpler and easier for us. Automatic systems are being preferred house with each other. The techniques employed in home
over manual system. This unit talks about the basic definitions automation include those in building automation as well as the
needed to understand the Project better and further defines the control of domestic activities, such as home entertainment
technical criteria to be implemented as a part of this project. systems, houseplant and yard watering, pet feeding, changing
the ambiance "scenes" for different events (such as dinners or
Keywords-component; Automation, 8051 microcontroller, LDR, parties), and the use of domestic robots. Devices may be
LED, ADC, Relays, LCD display, Sensors, Stepper motor
connected through a computer network to allow control by a
personal computer, and may allow remote access from the
I. INTRODUCTION internet.
With advancement of technology things are becoming Typically, a new home is outfitted for home automation
simpler and easier for us. Automation is the use of control during construction, due to the accessibility of the walls,
systems and information technologies to reduce the need for outlets, and storage rooms, and the ability to make design
human work in the production of goods and services. In the changes specifically to accommodate certain technologies.
scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond Wireless systems are commonly installed when outfitting a pre-
mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human existing house, as they reduce wiring changes. These
operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular communicate through the existing power wiring, radio, or
requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need infrared signals with a central controller. Network sockets may
for human sensory and mental requirements as well. be installed in every room like AC power receptacles.
Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world
economy and in daily experience. Although automated homes of the future have been staple
exhibits for World's Fairs and popular backgrounds in science
Automatic systems are being preferred over manual fiction, complexity, competition between vendors, multiple
system. Through this project we have tried to show automatic incompatible standards and the resulting expense have limited
control of a house as a result of which power is saved to some the penetration of home automation to homes of the wealthy or
extent. ambitious hobbyists.

II. HOME AUTOMATION III. NEED OF AUTOMATION

Home/office automation is the control of any or all Earlier, we looked into the face of future when we talked
electrical devices in our home or office, whether we are there about automated devices, which could do anything on
or away. Home/office automation is one of the most exciting instigation of a controller, but today it has become a reality.
developments in technology for the home that has come along
in decades. There are hundreds of products available today that a) An automated device can replace good amount of human
allow us control over the devices automatically, either by working force, moreover humans are more prone to errors and
remote control; or even by voice command. in intensive conditions the probability of error increases
whereas, an automated device can work with diligence,
Home automation (also called domotics) is the residential versatility and with almost zero error.
extension of "building automation". It is automation of the
home, housework or household activity. Home automation may Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard
include centralized control of lighting, HVAC (heating, physical or monotonous work.
ventilation and air conditioning), appliances, and other systems, Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous
to provide improved convenience, comfort, energy efficiency environments (i.e. fire, space, volcanoes, nuclear facilities,
and security. Disabled can provide increased quality of life for underwater, etc)
persons who might otherwise require caregivers or institutional
care. Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities
of size, weight, speed, endurance, etc.

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 (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 1, No. 6, December 2010

Economy improvement. Automation may improve in D. Regulator:

economy of enterprises, society or most of humankind. For Regulator is a device which provides constant output
example, when an enterprise that has invested in automation voltage with varying input voltage. There are two types of
technology recovers its investment, or when a state or country regulators-
increases its income due to automation like Germany or Japan
in the 20th Century. (a) Fixed voltage regulator
b) This is why this project looks into construction and (b) Adjustable regulator
implementation of a system involving hardware to control a We have used fixed voltage regulator LM78XX last two
variety of electrical and electronics system. digits signify output voltage. The voltage for our system is 5V
that is why we have used 7805 regulator which provides 5V
IV. SUPPY UNIT from 12V dc.
Initial stage of every electronic circuit is power supply
system which provides required power to drive the whole E. Output filter:
system. The specification of power supply depends on the It is used to filter out output ripple if any.
power requirement and this requirement is determined by its
rating. The main components used in supply system are: F. Output indication
 transformer We use LED to observe the functioning of our system. If
the LED glows it confirms proper functioning of our supply.
 rectifier
We have used four power supply units.
 input filter
 regulator
 output filter U6 LM7805/TO
 output indication D7 1N4007 VCC
1 3

GN D
A. Transformer: VIN VOUT
The main source of power(Fig 1) supply is a transformer.
The maximum output power of power supply is dependent on T2 R16
maximum output power of transformer .We determine power J6
from its current and voltage rating. e.g.: if there is a transformer 1 5 D11 1N4007 C12 220E

2
of 12V, 500mA then maximum power delivered by transformer
2 C11

1000uf / 25v
is 6Watt.

100uf / 50v
It means we can drive a load from this transformer up to 1 D10 1N4007
6w. In our project our maximum power requirement is 1watt. D6
So to provide this power we use 12V/250mA transformer. The
maximum output power of this transformer is [Link] means it 4 8 LED
can easily drive load up to 4 watt. 220v
B. Rectifier 0-9
Rectifier is a circuit which is used to convert ac to dc. D12 1N4007
Every electronic circuit requires a dc power supply for
rectification. We have used four diodes. Fig 1-volt DC supply

C. Input filter: This supply is for the microcontroller, display and relay
After rectification we obtain dc supply from ac but it is not unit. . The microcontroller requires 5 volt supply to perform
pure dc it may have some ac ripples .To reduce these ripples any desired task.
we use filters. It comprises of two filters –low frequency ripple
filter and high frequency ripple filter. G. Control Unit
To reduce low frequency ripples we use electrolytic Two control units were used one for internal system and
capacitor. The voltage rating of capacitor must be double from one for external system and these control unit based on
incoming dc supply. It blocks dc and passes ripples to ground. ATMEL’sAT89S52 microcontroller(Fig 2). The given capture
shows the pins and basic requirement of microcontroller to
make it functional. Detailed description of the controller is

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Vol. 1, No. 6, December 2010

given as follow: two-level interrupt, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator,
and clock circuitry.
In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for
operation down to zero frequency and supports two software
selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU
while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and
interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power down
Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator,
disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or
hardware reset.
The Downloadable Flash can be changed a single byte at a
time and is accessible through the SPI serial interface. Holding
RESET active forces the SPI bus into a serial programming
interface and allows the program memory to be written to or
read from unless Lock Bit 2 has been activated.

H. Features
 Compatible with MCS-51™Products
 8K bytes of In-System Reprogrammable
Downloadable Flash Memory
 SPI Serial Interface for Program Downloading
 Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
 Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
 256 x 8 bit Internal RAM
 32 Programmable I/O Lines
 Three 16 bit Timer/Counters
 Eight Interrupt Sources
 Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
Fig 2-Chip Board  Low Power Idle and Power Down Modes
AT89S52 is an ATMEL controller with the core of Intel  Interrupt Recovery from Power Down Mode
MCS-51. It has same pin configuration as give above. The
AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit I. Advantages
microcomputer with 8K bytes of Downloadable Flash
programmable and erasable read only memory and 2K bytes of  Less power consumption
EEPROM. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high  Low cost
density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with
the industry standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out.  Less space required

The on-chip Downloadable Flash allows the program  High speed

memory to be reprogrammed in-system through an SPI serial
interface or by a conventional nonvolatile memory J. Pin Description
programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with VCC: Supply voltage. GND: Ground., Port 0: Port 0 is an
Downloadable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port, each
is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0
and cost effective solution to many embedded control pins, the pins can be used as high impedance inputs. Port 0 can
applications. also be configured to be the multiplexed low-order address/data
The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In
bytes of Downloadable Flash, 2K bytes of EEPROM, 256 this mode, P0 has internal pull-ups. Port 0 also receives the
bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, programmable watchdog timer, code bytes during Flash programming and outputs the code
two Data Pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector bytes during program verification. External pull-ups are
required during program verification.

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Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal PSEN: Program Store Enable (PSEN) is the read strobe to
pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL external program memory. When the AT89S52 is executing
inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice
by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are
Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source skipped during each access to external data memory.
current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups.
EA/VPP: External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to
In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be the GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external
timer/counter 2 external count input (P1.0/T2) and the program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH.
timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/T2EX), respectively, as Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be
shown in the following table .Port 1 also receives the low-order internally latched on reset. EA should be strapped to VCC for
address bytes during Flash programming and verification. internal program executions.
Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable
pull-ups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL voltage (VPP) during Flash programming.
inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high
by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, XTAL1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input
Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source to the internal clock operating circuit.
current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. XTAL2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches H. Display Unit
from external program memory and during accesses to external
data memory that uses 16-bit addresses (MOVX @ DPTR). In
this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pull-ups when
emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that uses J2 LCD

8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-

VCC
R52
order address bits and some control signals during Flash 56E
programming and verification.

VCC
VCC

Port 3 Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal U1

31

pull-ups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL 40

33pF C1 1
EA/VPP

VCC
Y1 P1.0/T2 2
inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled high 4
P1.1/T2-EX
P1.2
3
4
12

P1.3
by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, 3
19
18 XTAL1
XTAL2
P1.4/SS
P1.5/MOSI
5
6
33pF C2 7
Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source 9
RST
P1.6/MISO
P1.7/SCK
8
RS
current (IIL) because of the pull-ups. 12
P3.2/INT0 P3.3/INT1
P3.4/T0
13
14
EN
15
Port 3 receives some control signals for Flash programming P3.5/T1

21
and verification. Port 3 also serves the functions of various VCC
P2.0/A8
P2.1/A9
22
23
special features of the AT89S52. P2.2/A10
P2.3/A11
24
25
C3 P2.4/A12 26
10uF 16V 32 P2.5/A13 27
RST: Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine R1
33
34
P0.7/AD7
P0.6/AD6
P2.6/A14
P2.7/A15
28
P0.5/AD5
cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device. This pin 10K 35
36 P0.4/AD4 P3.7/RD
P0.3/AD3 P3.6/WR
17
16
37 29
drives high for 98 oscillator periods after the Watchdog times 38
39
P0.2/AD2 PSEN
P0.1/AD1 ALE/PROG
30
10
GND

P0.0/AD0 P3.0/RXD
out. The DISRTO bit in SFR AUXR (address 8EH) can be P3.1/TXD
11

AT89S52
used to disable this feature. In the default state of bit DISRTO,
20

the RESET HIGH out feature is enabled.

Fig 3-Display Unit
ALE/PROG: Address Latch Enable (ALE) is an output Liquid crystal displays (LCD) is an alphanumeric display
pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to and widely used in recent years as compared to LEDs. This is
external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input due to the declining prices of LCD, the ability to display
(PROG) during Flash programming. In normal operation, ALE numbers, characters and graphics, incorporation of a refreshing
is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency and controller into the LCD, their by relieving the CPU of the task
may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note, of refreshing the LCD and also the ease of programming for
however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to characters and graphics. We have used JHD162A advanced
external data memory. version of HD44780 based LCDs.
If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of
SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during V. WHAT CAN BE AUTOMATED
a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly
pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the Virtually anything in the home/office that is powered by
microcontroller is in external execution mode. electricity can be automated and/or controlled. We can control
our electrical devices. We can turn our porch lights on

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Vol. 1, No. 6, December 2010

automatically(Fig 4) at dark or when someone approaches and outside can just see the closed door and not the lock as it is
can see inbuilt. The password is given with the help of controller and
can be changed by simply making a small change in the
TEMPRATURE program and then burning the program in the controller.
LCD FIRE
Display MONITORING SENSOR
B. Counter dependent automatic switching system of
room
After opening the lock when the person enters the room the
counter gets incremented. Now if it is a day then the lights
would not be switched on but if it is dark then the lights will
automatically switch on. Now whatever may be the number of
people entering the room the counter will automatically get
incremented by itself and on leaving the room the counter will
get decremented but the system will keep on working .Once the
counter is zero in other words once everyone leaves the room
Led LDR the switching system will automatically stop working.
Light
8051 C. Temperature controlled cooling system
MICROCNTROLLER Once the person has entered the room he would not require
Led LDR to switch on anything everything will just happen
Light automatically. Like if the temperature is high then the fan will
switch on, on its own. Else it will remain in off state. This
temperature is predefined by us in the controller. But this
system will only work if there is a person in the room in other
words if the counter is not zero.

D. Light saving system

This light saving system is used in two places for internal
section and external section. If a person is not at home or
PERSON COUNTING sitting inside the room and it is dark outside then the lights will
automatically get switched on and when its day the light will
get switched off. This ensures power saving.
RELAY DRIVE UINIT E. Fire and Smoke sensor
This part detects any fire or smoke from a fire and set an
alarm or an indication.

VII. CONCLUSION
DEVICE DEVICE
1 2 An automated home can be a very simple grouping of
Fig 4-Automatic System controls, or it can be heavily automated where any appliance
who is at the front door from any nearby television, and talk that is plugged into electrical power is remotely controlled.
to them or unlock the door from any nearby telephone. Have Costs mainly include equipment, components, furniture, and
the security system turn off lights, close drapes and setback the custom installation.
temperature when we leave and turn on the alarm system. The Ongoing costs include electricity to run the control systems,
possibilities are only limited by our imagination. maintenance costs for the control and networking systems,
including troubleshooting, and eventual cost of upgrading as
VI. FEATURES standards change. Increased complexity may also increase
maintenance costs for networked devices.
A. Password Based Locking System Learning to use a complex system effectively may take
In this system we have ensured a safe locking system. On significant time and training.
seeing from outside the lock would not be visible but this
inbuilt locking system ensures security. This lock can be Control system security may be difficult and costly to
opened and closed with the help of a password which we will maintain, especially if the control system extends beyond the
give using a keypad. The door will only open or close only if home, for instance by wireless or by connection to the internet
the password is correct else it will remain in its original state. or other networks.
The lock cannot be broken because to the person standing

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Vol. 1, No. 6, December 2010

Future of Automation: Future will be of Automation of [4] [Link]

all products. Each and every product will be smart devices that 1GHPCKH4ATMY32JVN Dag Spicer, If You Can't Stand the Coding,
Stay Out of the Kitchen, Dr. Dobb's Journal, August 2000 , retrieved
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mobile handsets. Some examples of it are when you want you
[7] Worlds Open Protocol ISO/IEC 14543-3 KNX [Link]
can switch on/off Fan of your home by mobile handset or PC.
Smart Grid: Home automation technologies are viewed as AUTHORS PROFILE
integral additions to the Smart grid. The ability to control
lighting, appliances, HVAC as well as Smart applications (load
shedding, demand response, real-time power usage and price
Inderpreet Kaur received the Master of
reporting) will become vital as Smart Grid initiatives are rolled Engineering from PEC University of
out. Technology (Formerly Punjab Engineering
College), Chandigarh. She is pursuing her
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