ASSESSMENT OF
LEARNING 1
(CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO ASSESSMENT IN LEARNING)
BEED 2-A
BEED 2-B
BEED 2-C
PREPARED BY:
MS. EUGEMY A. GRULLO, LPT
LESSON 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES IN ASSESSING LEARNING
What is Assessment in Learning?
Assessment – is rooted from the word “assidere”, which
means “to sit beside another”.
- process of gathering quantitative or
qualitative data for the purpose of making decisions.
Assessment in Learning – systematic and purpose-
oriented collection, analysis, and interpretation of
evidence of student learning in order to make informed 2
decision relevant to the learners.
LESSON 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES IN ASSESSING LEARNING
Assessment in Learning can be characterized as:
a) A process
b) Based on specific objectives
c) From multiple sources
Measurement vs. Evaluation
Measurement – process of quantifying the attributes of
an object, whereas;
Evaluation – process of making value judgements on
the information collected from measurement based on
specific criteria.
LESSON 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES IN ASSESSING LEARNING
Assessment and Testing
Testing – most common form of assessment.
- use of a test to collect information on student
learning over a specific period of time.
- form of assessment (but not all assessments use
tests or testing).
Categorized as:
a) Selected response
b) Constructed response
LESSON 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES IN ASSESSING LEARNING
Objective format vs. Subjective format
Objective format – provides for a more bias- free
scoring as the test items have exact correct answers.
• Multiple choice
• Enumeration
• Matching type , etc.
Subjective format – allows for less objective means of
scoring especially if no rubric is used.
• Essay
• Short answer questions (Open ended questions)
• Performance Task
LESSON 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES IN ASSESSING LEARNING
TOS (Table of Specifications)
- A table that maps out the essential aspects of a test
- Used in the design and development of a test.
Descriptive Statistics – used to describe and interpret
the results of tests. ( Test is effective if it has acceptable
psychometric properties and should be valid and
reliable.)
LESSON 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES IN ASSESSING LEARNING
Assessment and Grading
Grading – the process of assigning value to the
performance or achievement of a learner based on
specified criteria or standards.
- form of evaluation which provides
information on whether a learner passed or failed a
subject or a particular assessment task.
LESSON 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES IN ASSESSING LEARNING
Different measurement frameworks used in Assessments
▪ CTT (Classical test theory)- also known as the true
score theory, explains that variations in the
performance of examinees on a given measure is
due to variations in their abilities.
- focuses on the test as a whole
▪ IRT (Item response Theory) – analyzes test items by
estimating the probability that an examinee answers
an item correctly or incorrectly.
- focuses on individual items and their characteristics.
LESSON 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES IN ASSESSING LEARNING
Types of Assessment in Learning
a. Formative Assessment – refers to assessment activities
that provide information to both teachers and
learners on how they can improve the teaching-
learning process.
- used at the beginning and during the
instruction for teachers to assess learners’
understanding.
• Anecdotal notes
• Portfolios
• Observation records , etc.
LESSON 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES IN ASSESSING LEARNING
b. Summative Assessments – activities that aim to
determine the learners’ mastery of content or
attainment of learning outcomes.
- used for evaluating learners’ performance in
class, learned or achieved at the end of instructions.
c. Diagnostic Assessment – aims to detect the learning
problems or difficulties of the learners so that corrective
measures or interventions are done to ensure learning.
- usually done right after seeing signs of learning
problems in the course of teaching. It can also be done
at the beginning of the school year for spirally-designed
LESSON 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES IN ASSESSING LEARNING
curriculum so that the corrective actions are applied if
pre-requisite knowledge and skills for the targets of
instruction have not been mastered yet.
• Pre-test
• Interest surveys, etc.
d. Placement Assessment – usually done at the
beginning of the school year to determine what the
learners already know or what are their needs that
could inform design of instruction.
• Entrance examination
• English proficiency test (ESL) , etc.
LESSON 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES IN ASSESSING LEARNING
e. Traditional Assessment – refers to the use of
conventional strategies or tools to provide information
about the learning of students.
- often used as basis for evaluating and grading
learners.
- viewed as an inauthentic type of assessment.
f. Authentic Assessment – refers to the use of assessment
strategies or tools that allow learners to perform or
create a product that are meaningful to the learners,
as they are based on real-world contexts.
LESSON 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES IN ASSESSING LEARNING
Different Principles in Assessing Learning
• Assessment should have a clear purpose
• Assessment is not and end in itself
• Assessment is an ongoing, continuous, and a
formative process
• Assessment is learner-centered
• Assessment is both process- and product-oriented
• Assessment must be comprehensive and holistic
• Assessment requires the use of appropriate measures
• Assessment should be as authentic as possible
Assignment:
In a one clean ,long bondpaper, answer the following:
1. What is assessment of learning?
2. How similar or different is assessment from
measurement, evaluation, testing and grading?
3. What is the main difference between CTT and IRT?
4. What are the different type of assessments?
5. Give three core principles in assessing learning.
Explain.