Operating System

It is a interface between User and Computer (Or) Hardware and Software.

Basically we are divided into these Operating Systems two types.

1. CUI (Character User Interface):-

Ex: - MS DOS, Novel Netware, Unix, Linux, AIX Server, Sun Solaris…etc

2. GUI (Graphical User Interface):-

Ex: - Windows -95, 98, 2K, 2K3…etc.

Functionally based we can divide Operating Systems into three types.

1. Single User Single Task:-

One User can run one application at a time.
Ex: - MS Dos.

2. Single User Multi Task:-

One User can run multiple applications at a time.
Ex: - All Clients based Operating Systems.

Operating System Version

Windows – 98 4.0
Windows – 2000 (Prof) 5.0
Windows – XP 5.1
Windows – Vista&07 6.0

3. Multi User Multi Task:-

Multiple Users can run multiple tasks at a time.
Ex: - All Servers based Operating Systems.

Operating System Version

Windows – NT 4.0
Windows – 2000 5.0
Windows – 2003 5.2
Windows – 2008 6.0
 Windows – NT Family (Version – 4.0)

Windows – NT Windows – NT Windows – NT Windows - NT

Standard Edition Enterprise Edition Terminal Server Edition Work Station
(1996) (1998) (1997) (1996)

Server Operating Systems Client Operating

System

Windows – 2000 Family (Version – 5.0)

Windows – 2000 Windows – 2000 Windows – 2000 Windows - 2000

Server Edition Advanced Server Edition Data Server Edition Professional

Server Operating Systems Client Operating

System

Windows – 2003 Family (Version – 5.2)

Windows – 2003 Windows – 2003 Windows – 2003 Windows - 2003

Standard Edition Enterprise Edition Data Server Edition Web Edition

Server Operating Systems

Non Microsoft Operating Systems:-

Linux - Red Hat

Unix
Sun Solaris - Sun Micro Systems and Oracle
AIX Server - IBM
 Networking

It is a Connection of multiple computers, where they can share the Information

and Resources each other.

Types of Networks:-

1. Physical Network:-
It is based on Physical Connection distance between Computers.

1 .LAN (Local Area Network):-

With in a Meter distance with the help of cable to connect Multiple
Computers (10 to 100Mtrs).

2 .MAN (Metro Area Network):-

With in a Kilo Meter distance with the help OFC cable (Or) Telephone
line Connection (200 to 500KMtrs).
OFC = Optical Fiber Cable.

a) Dial - Up Net:-
With the help of telephone line to connect remotely Computers. In this we can use
Of MODEM Connection.
MODEM = Modulation and Demodulation.

MODEM:-
To convert Analog Signal to Digital Signal.

b) Direct Cable Net:-

With the help of OFC Cable.

c) Lease Line Net:-

It is a dedicated line. It can used official purpose only (512 KBPS to 2 MBPS).

d) ISDN Connection:-
It is a Dial – Up fast switching line area for official purpose (Or) Back – Up line.

e) ADSL MODEM (Or) Broad Band Connection:-

It is used in Cyber Café (Or) Home Purpose.

f) VPN Connection:-
Two Private Network Communication with the help of Internet is called as VPN.
Here we can use lease line connection.

g) RAS Connection:-
To access remotely with the help of Dial – Up line.
Abbrivations:-

1. ISDN : Integrated Service Digital Network

2. ADSL : Asynchronous Digital Service Link
3. VPN : Virtual Private Network
4. RAS : Remote Access Services.

3 .WAN (Wide Area Network):-

It is a connection between one Country to another Country (Or) one Planet
to another Planet. It is also known as Internet.

Internet:-
It is a Network of Network. Network was started on 1974.

DOD : Department of Defense (British)

ARPANET : American Research Project Agency Network (American).

End User ISP RISP (Or) NISP IISP NAP

IISP

RISP (Or) NISP

ISP

End User

NAP : Network Access Point

ISP : Internet Service Provider
RISP : Regional Internet Service Provider
NISP : National Internet Service Provider
IISP : International Internet Service Provider.

2. Logical Network:-
There are mainly three types of Logical Networks are there.
1. Peer to Peer Network
2. Client – Server Network
3. Hybrid Network.

1. Peer to Peer Network:-

It is also known as “Work Group Model”.
Work Group:-
1. It is a Logical Group of Network Computers, where centralized
Administration is not available.
2. No Centralized Database.
3. One Computer can’t control another Computer.
4. It will support small Network.
5. No Security and Permissions.
6. It is very easy to establishment.
7. It will take more time to access Files and Resources into the other systems.

HUB (Or) Switch

2. Client – Server Network:-

It is also known as “Domain Model”.

Domain:-

1. It is a Logical group of Network Computers. Here Centralized Administration

is possible.
2. Centralized Database is available.
3. One Computer can control all the remaining Computers.
4. More Security and Permissions are available.
5. It is tuff to establish.

Domain Controller:-
It is a Network Operating System, Which Stored all SID Records, Database and
Resources. SID Records is a combination of User Accounts, Groups and Computer
Accounts. It is also known as SAM Database.

SID : Security Identifier

SAM : Security Access Manager.

Windows – NT:-
SAM Database is known NDS (Network Directory Services).
Windows – 2000:-
SAM Database is known ADS (Active Directory Services).

Windows – 2003:-
SAM Database is known ADDS (Active Directory Directory Services).

Domain Client:-
It is a Client Operating System, which access the information from Domain
Controller.

3. Hybrid Network:-
It is the combination of Peer to Peer Network and Client – Server Network.

Topology

It is a Physical arrangement of Computers in a Network (Or) Physical architecture

of Network.

Bridge:-
To Connect two different types of Topology’s.
There are mainly five types of Topologies are there.

1. BUS Topology (Past)

2. STAR Topology (Present)
3. Ring Topology (IBM Computer’s)
4. Hybrid Topology (Combination of any Two types of Topology’s)
5. Mesh Topology (Combination of all types of Topology’s).

1. BUS Topology:-
Cable: - Co – Axial Cable
It was first arrangement of Computers in the Network. In this
Topology we can use different types of Cables and Connectors.
There are mainly two types of Co – Axial Cables are there.

a) Thin Co – Axial Cable:-

0.25 Mtrs
10 Base 2 10 MBPS / 100 MBPS data transmit to 100 Mtrs.

b) Thick Co – Axial Cable:-

0.50 Mtrs
10 Base 2 100 MBPS / 500 MBPS data transmit to 200 Mtrs.
 Thick
Connectors:-
NIC Card (Or) LAN Card (Or) Ethernet Card with BNC Connector.
NIC = Network Interface Card
LAN = Local Area Network
BNC = British Network Card

Small Connectors:-

1. T – Type Connector :

2. Terminator :

3. Barrier :

4. Vampire :
BUS Topology Connection:-

Dis – Advantages of BUS Topology:-

1. It is allows too much collusion in the Network.

2. It is not much Secured and Reliable.
3. In this Network one Computer is not working then total Network will
collapse.

2. STAR Topology:-
Connectors:-
1. NIC Card with RJ45 Connector
2. RJ45 Clip
3. Central Inter Face Devices. Ex:- HUB, Repeaters, Switches…etc.

RJ = Remote Jack (Or) Registered Jack.

Cable:-
1. UTP Cable
2. 8 Wires (Or) 4 Pair’s
3. Data Transferring Rate is 100 MBPS / 256 MBPS.

Note:-

UTP = Unshield Twisted Pair

Twisted Pair Cable:-

Twisted allow to stop Cross Linking. There are mainly two types of Twisted Pair
Cables are there.

1. UTP (Unshield Twisted Pair)

2. STP (Shield Twisted Pair)
Differences between UTP and STP Cable’s:-

UTP STP
1. UTP means Unshield Twisted Pair. 1. STP means Shield Twisted Pair.
2. It is used in STAR Topology. 2. It is used in RING Topology.
3. 8Wires (Or) 4Pairs available. 3. 4Wires (Or) 2Pairs available.
4. Data Transfer Rate is 100 / 256 MBPS 4. Data Transfer Rate is 4 / 16 MBPS
5. It is used into Internet Computers. 5. It is used into IBM Computers.
6. It is used Ethernet Card to use this Cable. 6. Use Token Ring Card use the
Cable.
7. Central Interface Device used to Connect 7. No Central Interface Devices are
Computers. Used.

Note:-
Category of Twisted Pair Cables.

Cat 1 Transfer Analog Signals Only

Cat 2
Cat 3 STP (4 / 16 MBPS)
Cat 4
Cat 5 UTP (100 / 256MBPS)
Cat 6

CRIMPING

It is arranged all 8 wires of UTP Cable in a Standard way is called as Crimping.

There are three types of Crimpings are there.

1. Straight Crimping (Or) Standard Crimping

2. Cross Crimping
3. Roll Over Crimping.

1. Straight Crimping:-
It is use to Connect Unlike (Or) Unsimiler Devices, Like Computer to HUB.

Computer HUB
Orange Orange
Orange White Orange White
Green Green
Green White Green White
Blue Blue
Blue White Blue White
Brown Brown
Brown White Brown White
 HUB (Or) Switch

ISO (Inter National Standard Organization) B – 586 Standard Color Coding:-

Computer HUB
Orange White Orange White
Orange Orange
Blue White Blue White
Green Green
Green White Green White
Blue Blue
Brown Brown
Brown White Brown White

2. Cross Crimping:-
It is use to Connect Similar (Or) Same type Devices, Like Computer to Computer
(Or) HUB to HUB.

Sequence No’s Computer - 1 Computer - 2

1–3 T + Orange Green
2–6 T - Orange White Blue White

3–1 R + Green Orange

4–4 Green White Green White
5–5 Blue Blue
6–2 R - Blue White Orange White
7–7 Brown Brown
8–8 Brown White Brown White

Sys – 1 Sys – 2
 8 Wires totally are there, but 4 Wires are Working.

T – Transmit
R – Receive.

Note:-
Normal – Normal (Cross Crimping)
Normal – Uplink (Straight Crimping)
Uplink – Uplink (Cross Crimping).

3. Roll Over Crimping:-

It is also known as console cable. It is use to connect Router to Computer.

Sequence No’s:-
Computer: - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Router: - 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

RING Topology:-
1. It is used for IBM Main Frame Computers only.
2. In this Topology we will use STP Cable, Which have 4Wires (Or) 2 Pairs.
3. STP Cable Data Transfer Rate is 4 / 16 MBPS.
4. In this Topology we will use “Token Ring Card” to Transfer Data.
5. Token is a 6 bit address data, which defined a Destination Path.
6. In this Topology we will not using any Central Interface Devices. We will use
MAU (Multi Station Access Unit) to improve Data Processing Speed.
7. In this Topology we don’t have collusion, because of CSMA / CA Protocol.

CSMA / CD = Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collusion Detection –

STAR Topology.

CSMA / CA = Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collusion Avoidance –

RING Topology.

OSI MODEL

 OSI means Open System Interface Connection.

 In 1974 ISO developed one Refensh Model, Which defined Data
Transmission from One Computer to Another Computer.
 In OSI Model 7 Layers are available.
 It based on DAP Protocol.

DAP = Direct Access Protocol.

 Application Layer
Software Layer Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Trans Receive
Heart of OSI Transport Layer Mission

Network Layer
Hardware Layer Data Link Layer
Physical Layer

When one Computer Transmit information from one Computer to Another

Computer, So all layers will participate from Up to Down, But when Computer will
Receive information, so all Layers will Participate Down to Up.

Source Destination

Sys – 1 Sys – 2

 At Present all are using TCP / IP Model, Which is a Combination of all OSI
Layers.
 In TCP / IP Model 4 Layers are available.
TCP / IP = Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol.
 It is based on LDAP Protocol.
LDAP = Light Direct Access Protocol.

Application Layer
Software Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer
Session Layer

Heart of OSI Transport Layer Transport

Network Layer Internet

Hardware Layer
Data Link Layer Network Interface
Physical Layer Layer.

1. Physical Layer:-
 In this Layer information is called as a bit. All types of Physical
Equipments, Connectors, Cables and Central Interface Devices come in this
Layer.
Cable:-
Thin
I. Co – Axial Cable BUS Topology
Thick

UTP STAR (8 Wire’s)

II. Twisted Cable
STP RING (4 Wire’s)

III. OFC Cable Fiber Optical Cable.

OFC Cable:-

 High Data Transfer Rate (2GB (Or) Above / Sec)

 Inner Core (Made by Glass)
 External Core (Made by Fiber)
 It is also known as back – bone Connectivity Cable.

Network Adaptor’s:-

LAN Card Types:-

1) Simplex:-
Only one way Communication is Possible.
Ex: - Video Conference (Or) Cable Television Network.

2) Half Duplex:-
Both way Communication is Possible, but at a time only one way.
Ex: - Walky – Talky (Or) Wireless Phone.
Realtek RTL 8029 Ethernet Adapter 10 MBPS Data Transmission Speed.

3) Full Duplex:-
Both ways Communication is Possible at a time.
Ex: - Telephone Line (Or) Mobile.
Realtek RTL 8139 Ethernet Adaptor 100 MBPS.

Repeater’s:-
It will not Regenerate (Or) Amplified the Signal. It acts like as a Connectivity
Junction Box.
Ex: - HUB
SWITCH.
 HUB SWITCH
1. It will amplify Regenerate Signals. 1. It is also known as Intelligent and
Manageable Switch.
2. It is based on Broad Casting Method. 2. It is based on Uni – Cast Method,
but past time it will use Broad Cast
Method.
3. Data Transmission Speed is 10 MBPS 3. Data Transmission Speed is 100
MBPS.
4. All Ports of HUB acts like as a Collusion [Link] Signal Port of Switch acts
Domain. Like as a Collusion Domain.
5. It is a Layer – I Device. 5. It is a Layer – II Device.

Communication Methods:-
1. Uni – Cast:- One to One (Peer to Peer)
2. Muti – Cast:- One to Many
3. Broad – Cast:- One to All, Ex:- Radio.

Inside the Switch:-

Own O / S: - ISO (Inter Networking Operating System)
Own Memory: - NVRAM (Non – Volatile Random Access Memory)
Temp Memory: - Flash Memory.

It is based on MAC Address Table.

MAC = Media Access Controller.
Types of Switch:-
1. Non – Manageable Switch (Cost 2000/- to 4000/-)
2. Manageable Switch (Cost 25,000/- 1,50,000/-)

2. Data Link Layer:-

It is a Second Layer in OSI Model. In this Layer information (Or) Data is
called as “Frames”. We can divide this Layer into two Parts:-

1. LLC (Logic Link Controller):-

It will divide the information to small Segments; it is called as “Frames”.

2. MAC (Media Access Controller):-

a. It is a 12 Digit (Or) 48 bit built in Hexa
b. It is a unique address for every LAN Card
c. It is also known as Physical Address (Or) Node Address of
Computer.
To Check LAN Card MAC Address:-

Go to Command Prompt

1. Own Computer:-
C :\> IPCONFIG /ALL

2. Another Computer:-
C :\> ARP –a (IP Address of another Computer)
ARP = Address Resolution Protocol.

Data Link Layer Devices:-

1. Switches
2. Bridges

Bridges:-
It is use to Connect two different types of Topology’s.
Ex: - BUS to STAR
STAR to RING

BRIDGE
CONNECTOR

HUB
BUS STAR
UTP Cable
Co - Axial
Cable

RING
 3. Network Layer:-
It is a Third Layer in OSI Model. In this Layer information is as “Packets
(Or) Segments”. All types of IP addressing Classes are available in this Layer.
There are two types of IP addresses are there:-
IP = Internet Protocol

1. Classful IP – Addressing:-
Ex: - TCP / IP (Windows Operating System)

2. Classless IP – Addressing:-
Ex: - IPX / SPX (Novel Netware Operating System)

Two Types Of IP – Addressing Versions:-

1. IP Version – 4 (32 Bit):-

It will support all types of Operating Systems, like all Windows, Linux,
Unix, Sun Solaries….etc.

2. IP Version – 6 (128 Bit):-

It will support advanced Operating Systems, Like Windows – 2K & 2K3
Server, Linux, Sun Solaries….etc.

There are Five types of Classful IP Addresses are there:-

1. Class A
2. Class B Public IP - Addressing
3. Class C
4. Class D Multicast IP - Addressing
5. Class E Reserved for Research.

Ex: - 192. 168. 1. 10

A B C D
8 Bit 8 Bit 8 Bit 8 Bit

32 Bit

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
(1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1)
128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255
IP – Addressing:-
Class – A:-
A B C D

NET ID HOST ID

Note:-
Addresses divided into two Parts.

1. NET ID (Network ID):-

It is one Network, Net ID must be common.

2. HOST ID (Network ID):-

Every Computer must have a Unique ID.

 In Class A, First Octet is NET ID, Remaining are HOST ID’s.

 In Place of 1st Octet, First Signal is “ON” And Remaining are “OFF” Signal.
Place of A: - (10000000)2 = (128)10.
st
Place of A (1 Octet) = (0 – 127)
 We should not use these Network of Class A:-
[Link] - Internal Purpose of Computer
[Link] - Loop Back IP Address (For Loop Back Adaptor).
 No. of Networks in Class A:- 127 Networks
 No. of Hosts in One Network:-
(255) 3 (Or) 224 (Or) 1, 67 Crore.

It will represent Network. In Subnet Mask NET ID must be represent by 255

Value and HOST ID Represent by “0” Value.
Ex: - [Link]

Router:-
It is an Inter – Networking Device, Which forwarding Packets from One Network
to Another Network. It is called as Layer – 3 Device.

Diagram of Router:-
Class – B:-

A B C D

NET ID HOST ID

 In Class B, First Two Octets are NET ID’s and Remaining are HOST ID’s.
 In Place of 1st Octet, First Two Signals are “ON” and Remaining are “OFF”
Signals.
Place of A: - (11000000)2 = (192)10.
st
Place of (1 Octet) = (128 – 191)
 No. of Networks in Class – B : - 214 Networks.
 No. of Hosts in One Network:-
Subnet Mask for Class B: - (255) 2 (Or) 216 (Or) 65,535.
 Sub – Net Mask for Class – B:- [Link]

A B
(11000000) (00000000)
6 8

214
Class – C:-

A B C D

NET ID HOST ID

 In Class C, First Three Octets are NET ID’s and Remaining are HOST ID.
 In Place of 1st Octet, First Three Signals are “ON” and Remaining are “OFF”
Signal.
Place of A: - (11100000)2 = (224)10.
st
Place of (1 Octet) = (192 – 223)
 No. of Networks in Class – C : - 221 Networks.
 No. of Hosts in One Network:-
255.
 Sub – Net Mask for Class – C:- [Link]

A B C
(11100000) (00000000) (00000000)
5 8 8

221
Class – D:-

 In Class D, We don’t have NET ID and HOST ID.

 In Place of First Octet, First Four Signals are “ON” and Remaining are “OFF”
Signal’s.
 It is used for Broad Casting Purpose.
 In Video Conference and through Router Control Broad Cast Information we can
use these IP – Addresses.
 In Place of 1st Octet: - (11110000)2 = (240)10.
 In Place of 1 Octet: - (224 – 239).
st

Private I
P Addressing:-
i. [Link] ------[Link]
ii. [Link]----------[Link]
iii. [Link]---------[Link]
iv. [Link] Use for Proxy
v. [Link] Use for all APIPA (Automatic Private IP
Addressing).

4. Transport Layer:-
It is a Layer – IV OSI Model. In this Layer all types of Protocols will
come. In this Layer information is called as “Packets”.
Protocol:-
It is a set of Rules and Regulation which allows communicating one
Computer to Another Computer. It is a language of Computers.
Basically two types of Protocols are available.

 Connection Oriented:-
Ex: - TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).

 Connection Less:-
Ex: - UDP (User Datagram Protocol).

TCP UDP
1. It is Connection Oriented Protocol. 1. It is Connection Less Protocol.
2. After Transmit information it will get 2. After transmit information no
Acknowledgement Report Acknowledgement Report.
3. Port No. 6. 3. Port No. 17.
4. It is much Secured and Reliable. 4. It is not much Reliable.
5. Slower. 5. Faster.
6. Ex: - SMTP, NNTP, POP3, IMAP4, HTTP, 6. Ex: - DNS, DHCP, BOOTP…etc.
FTP…etc.
Port Addresses:-

It is an entry (Or) Exit Point of the Operating System. Total 65,535 Ports are
available.

0 - 1023 :- Ports are Reserved Ports.

1024 - 49151 :- Registered Ports (Or) Payable Ports.
49152 - 65535 :- Free.

Ex: - HTTP - 80
FTP - 21
Telnet - 23
SMTP - 25
NNTP - 119
POP3 - 110
IMAP - 143
RPC - 135 Reserved
SSL - 443 Port No’s
RDP - 3389
LDAP - 389
DNS - 53
DHCP - 67
TFTP - 69
BOOTP - 68

We can divide Protocols in many types:-

1. Application Protocol
2. Authentication Protocol
3. Communication Protocol
4. Transport Protocol
5. Routing Protocol
6. Routable Protocol
7. Non – Routable Protocol
8. WAN Protocol

A. Application Protocol:-

It is used to Transfer Application from one Computer to Another Computer.

Ex:-
Protocol Abbrivation Port No.
HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 80
FTP File Transfer Protocol 20 (Or) 21 Used
 SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 25 Sending
NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol 115 Protocol.

POP3 Post Office Protocol 110 Receiving

IMAP4 Internet Message Accessing Protocol 143 Protocol.
Telnet To Connect Windows to Linux 23
TFTP Trival net File Transfer Protocol 65 Used to take

Router Backup

SSL Secured Socket Layer 443

B. Authentication Protocol:-

Who is having a authority to login the Computer.

Ex:-
1. NTLM (New Technology LAN Manager):-
It will support Authentication for Windows – NT, It will work LM and NTLM
Protocol.
2. Kerberos V5:-
It will support for Windows – 2K Server and 2K3 Server authentication.
Ex: - NTLM V2 and Kerberos V5.

3. CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol) Used for

4. MSCHAP (Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol) Mail
Server

5. PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) Used for

6. SPAP (Shiva Password Authentication Protocol) ATM

C. Communication Protocol:-

It will allow to Communication One System to Another System.

Ex:-
1. TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol):-
It is also called as Open Protocol, Which is used by all Operating Systems.
2. NETBEUI (Net BIOS Enhanced User Interface):-
It will Support only in Windows Operating Systems.
Ex:-
WINS (Windows Internet Naming Services.
3. IPX / SPX (Internet Packet Exchange and Sequential Packet Exchange):-
It is used by Novel Netware Operating Systems.
4. Apple Talk:-
It is used by Apple Macintosh Operating Systems.

D. Transport Protocol:-
 It is used to Transfer information from One Network to Another Network.
Ex:-
TCP & UDP
E. Routable Protocol:-
It will allow Connection between One Network to Another.
Ex:-
IP & IPX
F. Non – Routable Protocol:-
It will allow Connection between with in a Network.
Ex:-
NETBEUI
G. Routing Protocol:-
It will allow maintaining a Routing table a Network.
Ex:-
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
H. WAN Protocol:-
It will allow to Connect One WAN to another WAN.
Ex:-
HDLC (High Level Data Link Control for CISCO)
SDLC (Sequential Data Link Control) IBM Routers
PPP (Point to Point Protocol)
SLIP (Synchronous Line Internet Protocol) Frame Relay

Differences between Windows – 2000 and Windows – NT

Windows – NT 7. Support Single Master Replication

Model.
1. It is a 16 Bit, Non – Plug and Play .
Hybrid Operating System.
2. Support IP V4.
3. Does not support EFS & Disk
Quota’s.
4. It supports FAT - 16 & NTFS – 4.0
File System’s.
5. Multiple Editions Like: - Standard,
Enter Praise, Terminal Server and Work
Station.

6. Support PDC, BDC and Stand Alone

Server.
 Windows – 2000 8) Dc and ADC is read & write copy
9. Dc to ADC information will replicate
1. It is a 32 Bit, Full Plug and Play and Vise Versa.
Hybrid Operating System. 10. DNS mandatory.
2. Support IP V4 and IP V6. 11. NTFS Partition is mandatory for DC.
3. Support EFS & Disk Quota’s.
12. Support IE and IIS Version – 5.0
4. Support FAT - 16, FAT – 32 & NTFS Versions.
– 5.0 File System’s.
5. Support Multiple Editions Like: -
Window’s – 2K Server, Advanced
Server, Database Server and
Professional.
6. Support DC, ADC, Child Domain and
Etc.
7. Support Multiple Master Replication
Model.

8. PDC is Read / Write copy but BDC

only read copy
9. PDC to BDC information, will
Replicate.
10. DNS is not mandatory.
11. NTFS Partition is not mandatory for
PDC.
12. Support IE – 3.0 Version and IIS –
2.0 Versions.