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STS 121: Science, Technology, and Society Guide

The STS 121 Study Guide covers the relationship between science, technology, and society, defining key concepts and historical developments from ancient civilizations to modern times. It highlights the contributions of significant thinkers and the evolution of scientific methods, as well as the impact of science and technology on human conditions and ethical considerations in robotics. The guide also discusses the role of science and technology in the Philippines throughout different historical periods.

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7 views3 pages

STS 121: Science, Technology, and Society Guide

The STS 121 Study Guide covers the relationship between science, technology, and society, defining key concepts and historical developments from ancient civilizations to modern times. It highlights the contributions of significant thinkers and the evolution of scientific methods, as well as the impact of science and technology on human conditions and ethical considerations in robotics. The guide also discusses the role of science and technology in the Philippines throughout different historical periods.

Uploaded by

josephanciro501
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

STS 121 Study Guide (Simplified)

Module 1: Nature of STS


What is STS?

Science, Technology, and Society (STS) studies how science and technology affect society
and how society influences them.

Definitions:

• Science – Systematic study of nature and phenomena.


• Technology – Application of knowledge to solve problems.
• Society – Group of individuals living together with shared goals.

Relationship: Science creates knowledge → Technology applies it → Society uses it and


influences both.

Fields of Science:

• Life Science – Study of living things (Biology, Botany, Zoology).


• Engineering – Solves problems using science and math.
• Agriculture – Land and crop cultivation.
• Health – Improves human well-being.
• Social Science – Studies human behavior and society.
• Forestry – Management and care of forests.

Module 2: Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology


Ancient Civilizations:

• Sumerians – Cuneiform (first writing), wheel, plow, irrigation.


• Babylonians – Architecture (Hanging Gardens).
• Egyptians – Pyramids, hieroglyphics, papyrus, water clock.
• Greeks – Philosophy, Olympics, alarm clock.
• Romans – Roads, aqueducts, codified laws, numerals.
• Chinese – Gunpowder, Great Wall, silk, tea.

Middle Ages:

• Printing Press – Spread knowledge.


• Microscope – Studied microorganisms.
• Telescope – Helped exploration.

Modern Times:
• Pasteurization – Kills bacteria in milk (Louis Pasteur).
• Telephone – Communication (Alexander Graham Bell).
• Calculator/Computer – Fast computation.

Module 3: Intellectual & Scientific Revolution


Key Thinkers:

• Ptolemy – Geocentric theory (Earth at center).


• Copernicus – Heliocentric theory (Sun at center).
• Galileo Galilei – Scientific method, telescope.
• Isaac Newton – Laws of motion and gravity.
• Charles Darwin – Theory of Evolution (Natural Selection).
• Sigmund Freud – Psychoanalysis (Id, Ego, Superego).

Information Revolution:

• Claude Shannon – Information Theory (data communication).

Science & Technology in the Philippines:

• Pre-Colonial – Indigenous tools, farming, herbal medicine.


• Spanish Period – Engineering, education, health.
• American Period – Bureau of Science, modernization.
• Post-Colonial – Government support for S&T (DOST, science high schools, research
centers).

Module 4: Science, Technology & Human Condition


The Scientific Method (Steps):

1. Identify Problem
2. Gather Data
3. Formulate Hypothesis
4. Experiment
5. Draw Conclusion
6. Communicate Results
7. Apply & Form Theory

Scientific Attitudes:

Problem-solving, curiosity, open-mindedness, precision, skepticism, willingness to change,


critical thinking.

Human Flourishing:

• Aristotle – Happiness = End goal of life.


• Materialism – Happiness through material things.
• Hedonism – Pleasure is life’s goal.
• Stoicism – Apathy leads to peace.
• Theism – God as source of happiness.
• Humanism – Man controls his destiny.

Technology & Humanity:

• Television – Entertainment, info sharing.


• Mobile Phones – Communication, internet.
• Computers – Work, study, gaming.
⚠ Issues: Laziness, health, alienation.

Robotics:

Helps in labor, efficiency, and entertainment.


⚠ Ethical Issues: Safety, responsibility, emotion, robot rights.

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