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Whole Numbers and Operations Explained

The chapter covers fundamental arithmetic operations including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, along with the handling of whole numbers and negative numbers. It discusses mental strategies for calculations, order of operations, prime factorization, and divisibility rules. Additionally, it introduces concepts of least common multiple (LCM) and highest common factor (HCF).

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6 views1 page

Whole Numbers and Operations Explained

The chapter covers fundamental arithmetic operations including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, along with the handling of whole numbers and negative numbers. It discusses mental strategies for calculations, order of operations, prime factorization, and divisibility rules. Additionally, it introduces concepts of least common multiple (LCM) and highest common factor (HCF).

Uploaded by

storyscribeguild
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter summary 53

Addition and subtraction Multiplication and division

247
1 8 9134 21 167 59
× 15
____ 6
+ 1 08
______ −368
_______ 7 416
835 5 × 167

Chapter summary
355 574 1670 10 × 167
____ ∴416 ÷ 7 = 59
2505 835 + 1670 and 3 remainder
Whole numbers
Negative number operations 0, 1, 2, 3, ....
Mental strategies
• −2 + 4 = 2
• −3 − 7 = −10 • 156 + 79 = 156 + 80 − 1 = 235
• 4 + (−7) = 4 − 7 = −3 • 45 + 47 = 45 + 45 + 2 = 92
• 3 − (−2) = 3 + 2 = 5 • 3 × 22 = 3 × 20 + 3 × 2 = 66
• −2 × 3 = −6 • 4 × 88 = 2 × 176 = 352
• −5 × (−7) = 35 • 164 ÷ 4 = 82 ÷ 2 = 41
• 10 ÷ (−2) = −5 • 297 ÷ 3 = (300 ÷ 3) − (3 ÷ 3) = 99
• −28 ÷ (−4) = 7
Integers
{..., −3, − 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}
Order of operations
Substitution Brackets, × and ÷ then + and −

a = −2, b = 5, c = −4 −5 × (−3 − 3) ÷ 6 + (−1)


2c − ab = 2 × (−4) − (−2) × 5 = −5 × (−6) ÷ 6 + (−1)
= −8 − (−10) = 30 ÷ 6 + (−1)
= −8 + 10 = 5 + (−1)
=2 =4

Primes (2 factors) LCM


Multiples of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, ...
Properties Multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12, ...
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, ...
∴ LCM = 12

Prime factorisation HCF


Factors of 8: 1, 2, 4, 8
72
Factors of 28: 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28
72 = 23 × 32 ∴ HCF = 4
2 36

2 18
Divisibility
2 9
•2 Even number.
•3 Sum of digits divisible by 3.
3 3
•4 Number from last 2 digits divisible by 4.
•5 Last digit 0 or 5.
•6 Divisible by 2 and 3.
Squares and cubes •8 Number from last 3 digits divisible by 8.
•9 Sum of digits divisible by 9.
42 = 16, √16 = 4 • 10 Last digit 0.
3
33 = 27, √27 = 3

ISBN 978-1-108-77281-5 © Greenwood et al. 2019 Cambridge University Press


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