UNIT’S

NAME:
MIGRATION
MISS MILENE LUZARDO
KEY CONCEPT: CHANGE
RELATED CONCEPT: ENERGY -
MOVEMENT
GLOBAL CONTEXT: ORIENTATION IN
SPACE AND TIME
STATEMENT OF INQUIRY: CHANGES
IN ENERGY AND MOVEMENT OVER
TIME AND SPACE
 How does the Earth things move?
Objective: To understand how natural forces like wind, ice, and Earth’s
motion cause movement.
Read the pages 108 - 109 and make a short summary about each natural event, and answer
the questions.
1. Fossils in Antarctica
Summary: Fossils of the tree Glossopteris were found in Antarctica, but this tree only grew
in warm places. Fossils of the same tree were also found in Africa, India, and South
America.
Questions:
Q: What is moving? — A: Seeds and continents
Q: What force is involved? — A: Plate tectonics (Earth's crust moving)
Q: Fast or slow? — A: Very slow (millions of years)
2. Hurricane Florence
Summary: __________________________________________________________________
Questions:
What is moving?
What energy is involved?
Fast or slow?
3. Glacier in Iceland
Summary: ___________________________________________________________________
Questions:
What is moving?
What causes it to move?
Is this a movement?
4. Earth’s Orbit and Tilt
Summary: ___________________________________________________________________
Questions:
What is moving?
Fast or slow?
What does it affect?
Date: May 16th, 2025
Topic: Seed Dispersal
Objective: To understand different dispersal methods, as well as how seed structure
relates to dispersal.
Key Concept: Change
Let’s watch a video about SEED DISPERSAL, take notes, and after that make an infographic
about the topic (don’t forget to put drawings, important details and facts)
Seed Dispersal and Germination

SEED DISPERSAL: GERMINATION: BENEFITS:

Seeds are spread from the Seeds sprout and grow Dispersal reduces
parent plant. into plants when competition and helps
conditions are colonize new areas.
favorable.
 SEED DISPERSAL CLUE MATCH
Read each clue and match it with one of the fruits below.
1. I’m light and fluffy. The wind carries me like a little parachute.
2. I spin like a helicopter when I fall from a tree.
3. I float across oceans and wash up on faraway beaches.
4. Birds and animals love to eat me, but my seeds go out with their poop.
5. I dry up and explode, throwing my seeds far away!
6. I have little hooks that grab onto your clothes or fur when you walk by.
7. I roll and bounce like a tiny ball of spikes pushed by the wind.
8. I’m small and tasty, with a hard seed inside that animals might spit out or drop.
9. I have a tough shell and fall from tall trees—sometimes squirrels help me move!
 Date: May 21th, 2025
Topic: Animal Migration
Objective: To understand how and why animals migrate and hibernate

HIBERNATION
HIB

Hibernation is a deep sleep that helps animals to save energy and survive
winter without eating.
 Animal Migration
Migration helps
Not all species adapt to
animals environmental
migrate. shifts.

Animals use Some species, like the

internal cues and Florida panther or
environmental pronghorn antelope,
signals. move to exploit new
habitats.
 Lemmings
Lemmings are small mammals that
live in the tundra ecosystems of the
Northern Hemisphere. There are more
than 20 species.
Lemmings feed on plants. Weather
conditions affect plant growth.
WHERE DO BIRDS GO IN THE WINTER?

Key Term: Change

 Bird Migration
OBJECTIVE: TO EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MIGRATION
AND HIBERNATION IN BIRDS.

Many birds migrate to Migration allows

avoid cold winters (e.g., animals to exploit new
to the southern US or resources and survive
Canada). seasonal changes.
EXAMPLE: ARCTIC TERN
TRAVELS UP TO 16,000
Migration patterns are KM BETWEEN
HEMISPHERES.
changing due to
climate change.
 Venn Diagram
Migration Hibernation
💤 Hibernation Hypothesis 🐦 Migration Hypothesis
People believed birds hibernated Some scientists believed birds flew
in lakes, trees, or holes. to warmer places for winter.

Olaus Magnus (1555) showed birds Swallow observations on ships

“sleeping” in lakes. across the Mediterranean.

John Ray (1678) wrote that birds

Birds in cages stayed active, they
might go to hot countries, but no
didn’t go into hibernation.
one was sure.

Experiments showed birds can't

No evidence of real bird
survive underwater or in cold like
hibernation was ever found.
that.
 Modern Scientific Evidence
In the 20th century, scientists started using
bird banding:
Metal or plastic bands with numbers placed on
birds’ legs.
Helped track where they went and how far.
Example: A swallow chick banded in England
(1911) was found in South Africa (1912).
Bird Flying - Key Terms
LIFT: UPWARD FORCE THAT KEEPS THE BIRD
IN THE AIR.
THRUST: FORWARD FORCE THAT MOVES THE
BIRD AHEAD.
MUSCLE: BODY TISSUE THAT PULLS TO
CREATE MOVEMENT.
CONTRACTION: WHEN A MUSCLE SHORTENS
TO PULL.
ANTAGONISTIC MUSCLES: MUSCLE PAIRS
THAT PULL IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS.
Critical Thinking Skills
 Why...?
What if...?
What is the purpose of...?
How would it be different if...?
 Date: June____, 2025
Topic: Human Migration
Key Term: Change

HUMAN
MIGRATION
 WHY DO PEOPLE MIGRATE?
PULL FACTORS
PUSH FACTORS (PROBLEMS)
(OPPORTUNITIES)
 WHERE WOULD YOU GO?
Front cover: Draw and
paint the flag of the
country you’d like to
migrate.

Inside: Draw and paint: one reason

you’d like to migrate with a
sentence, and on the other half,
one challenge you might face and a
sentence.
 MIGRATION PROMPT
On a sticky note, or at the back of your
work, answer the following question:

“Why is
migration a
big change,
not just a
move?”
If you had to leave your country forever,
what would you take with you? Where
would you go? Why?

I used to think...
Now I think...
 Human Migration
Migration is the movement of people
from one place to another to live, work, or
find safety.

PUSH FACTORS PULL FACTORS

Reasons to leave a Reasons to go to a
Objective: To understand what place new place
human migration is and why it
happens. War or violence Safety and peace
Examples of Human Migration
Refugees fleeing war or disaster Natural disasters (flood,
Better jobs or income
drought)
Rural to urban migration for jobs
Families moving for better
Good education and
education or healthcare Lack of jobs or education
healthcare
 Title: Push and Pull Factors Worksheet
[Link] each example to either PUSH or PULL (6 pts) .
A family leaves because of war. ____
A student moves for a better school. ____
A farmer leaves due to drought. ____
A person moves to join their family abroad. ____
A worker migrates for a higher salary. ____
A village is flooded. ____
2. Write 2 push factors and 2 pull factors you can think of (2
pts).
Push Factors:
Pull Factors:
3. Reflection Question (2 points)
Why is it important to understand why people migrate?
 TOPIC: Human Spread
OBJECTIVE: To explore how early humans migrated across
the globe using evidence from maps, texts, and research.
Humans have migrated to almost all
parts of the world. These are the pieces
e e t h of evidence:
e s and t
d bo n
i l i z e
Foss Stone Tools

Genes in DNA extracted

from fossils
On pages 120 and 121, create a migration timeline with arrows, colors, and dates
of when humans reached:
Africa - India - Australia - North America and South America
On pages 120 and 121, create a migration timeline with arrows, colors, and dates
of when humans reached:
Africa - India - Australia - North America - South America
 TYPE OF VOLUNTARY
DEFINITION WHY THEY TRAVEL?
TRAVELERS OR FORCED?

To find food, water, or grazing

NOMAD land.

A person who leaves an area

EVACUEE for safety, often because of
TYPES OF war, or emergency.

HUMAN
TRAVELERS A person who moves to a new
land to settle and often build a
COLONIST community, taking control
over it.

TOURIST

REFUGEE Forced

Voluntary or
MIGRANT
forced
 THINK PAIR SHARE
What do you think are some reasons why humans migrate?

Students write quick individual ideas (1–2 mins)

Share with a partner or small group (2 mins)
Take 1–2 answers from the class to list on the board
 REASONS FOR HUMAN MIGRATION
Objective: To learn about the reasons why people migrate by
exploring real-world examples.
Instructions:
Students read the case studies from pages 122, 123, and 124 of the book.
For each case, they must identify:
Who migrated?
Why did they migrate? (push/pull factors)
What kind of traveler are they? (refugee, tourist, nomad, etc.)
Then create a Mind Map centered on “Reasons for Human Migration” with
branches like:
Environmental-Economic-Social-Political-Historical/Colonial-
Lifestyle/Voluntary
Each branch should include a summary of one of the cases that fits it.
REASONS FOR HUMAN MIGRATION MIND MAP
 On a sticky note or notebook:
Name one reason why people migrate and one group or case
study that shows this.
Date: June 20th, 2025
Topic: Future Migrants - Sci-Planners
Objective: To research a planet or moon that could support human life and
creatively present it as a futuristic travel poster.

“If humans had to leave Earth... where could we go?”

Create: “Humanity’s Next Stop” Travel Poster (15 minutes)
On an A3 cardboard, students design a poster with:
Title: “Welcome to ______” or “Humanity’s Next Stop: ___”
A background drawing of your place, you can include humans
2 reasons to go (written) and a drawing of it
1 major challenge of living there and a drawing of it
Fun tagline (e.g., “Come for the view, stay for the challenge!”)
Use colored pencils, markers, or stickers