Punctuation
Punctuation is a system of using universally accepted marks and symbols in written work or
communication. In oral work or spoken information, punctuation marks may not be voiced but the speaker
will pause, stop temporarily, ask questions, wonder or make exclamations and other gestures to
communicate effectively. Appropriate use of punctuation marks especially in writing enhances effective
communication and makes reading easy to comprehend.
Personal pronouns
Names of days of the week, months and holidays.
Madaraka Day is celebrated on 1st of June
Names of organizations and religious bodies
In abbreviation
Final punctuation Marks (End Marks).
e
Full stop (.)
.k
The comma (,) co
Used to separate items in a list
s.
To indicate a pause in a sentence.
te
Used before a quotation or direct speech.
“I am getting married,” she said.
no
Choose the correct expressions from the choices in the circle to complete the sentences correctly.
ec
Correct pronunciation, effective listening and speaking skills, intensive and extensive reading and other
language aspects contribute a lot in the mastery of spelling as an important language skill. Effective
kn
communication of ideas and information in writing depends largely on correct spelling of words in
sentences. Mastery of spelling skills improves efficiency in writing.
Spell commonly misspelt words correctly.
Apply spelling rules correctly.
Spelling
Spelling refers to the formation of words with letters in the correct order. Correct spelling gives the writer
confidence, impresses the reader and shows efficient management of words. It is important to pay close
attention to spelling because incorrect spelling hinders effective communication and sometimes ,it may
change or distort the meaning of the text.
In English, the spelling of a word is often unrelated to its pronunciation. This poses a great challenge to
learners and users of English as a second [Link] is important therefore to master all aspect of
English pronunciation to be able to spell words in sentences correctly.
Observe the pictures provided and fill the blanks by typing in a correct word that depicts what is in the
picture.
[Link] voters lined up in a queue to cast their votes.
Our car was involved in an accident along the highway.
Vehicles moving on a highway then one crashing into another.
We stopped the game immediately the referee blew the final whistle
Their school bus had a puncture causing them to delay.
A guest of honour wearing ceremonial garlands on the podium before the microphones, and people
gathered in front of HER, with some seated in neat rows while a few are standing towards the edges.
Picture of a school bus, with some students outside and a flat tyre, with the driver getting the necessary
tools e.g. jack, wheel spanner etc.
Their school bus had a puncture causing them to delay.
e
Look at the picture and suggest what happened. Use the information to answer questions in the exercises
that follow.
.k
Write legibly and neatly. co
Write clear and correct sentences, and organize ideas in a logical sequence.
s.
Take and make intelligible notes.
te
Structure of a Paragraph
no
A paragraph is a combination of two or more sentences communicating the same information or related
ideas. When writing, learners are expected to communicate effectively using a variety of sentence
ec
structures and develop paragraphs using different devices. The skill of writing using appropriate
paragraphing can be enhanced using pictures, charts, jumbled up sentences, role play and guided
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writing.
Basing on the picture, type the correct answer in the blank spaces provided.
What you have done is put the events in a logical sequence
The statements that come after the topic sentence are called supportive sentences. They tell you more
about the topic sentence. The rule is that they come after the topic sentence and not before.