Machine Learning
Introduction
❖Machine learning is a growing technology
which enables computers to learn
automatically from past data.
❖Machine learning uses various algorithms for
building mathematical models and making
predictions using historical data or
information.
❖Currently, it is being used for various tasks
such as image recognition, speech
recognition, email filtering, Facebook auto-
tagging, recommender system, and many
more.
What is Machine Learning
❖In the real world, we are surrounded by humans
who can learn everything from their experiences
with their learning capability, and we have
computers or machines which work on our
instructions.
❖But can a machine also learn from experiences
or past data like a human does?
❖So here comes the role of Machine Learning.
❖Machine Learning is said as a subset of
artificial intelligence that is mainly concerned
with the development of algorithms which
allow a computer to learn from the data and
past experiences on their own.
❖The term machine learning was first
introduced by Arthur Samuel in 1959. We can
define it in a summarized way as:
❖“Machine learning enables a machine to
automatically learn from data, improve
performance from experiences, and predict
things without being explicitly programmed.”
❖With the help of sample historical data, which is
known as training data, machine learning
algorithms build a mathematical model that
helps in making predictions or decisions without
being explicitly programmed.
❖Machine learning brings computer science and
statistics together for creating predictive
models.
❖Machine learning constructs or uses the
algorithms that learn from historical data.
The more we will provide the information,
the higher will be the performance.
❖A machine has the ability to learn if it can
improve its performance by gaining more
data.
How does Machine Learning work
❖A Machine Learning system learns from
historical data, builds the prediction models,
and whenever it receives new data, predicts the
output for it.
❖The accuracy of predicted output depends upon
the amount of data, as the huge amount of data
helps to build a better model which predicts the
output more accurately.
❖we have a complex problem, where we need
to perform some predictions, so instead of
writing a code for it, we just need to feed the
data to generic algorithms, and with the help
of these algorithms, machine builds the logic
as per the data and predict the output.
❖The below block diagram explains the
working of Machine Learning algorithm:
how is it different from traditional
programming?
❖In traditional programming, we would feed
the input data and a well written and tested
program into a machine to generate output.
❖When it comes to machine learning, input
data along with the output is fed into the
machine during the learning phase, and it
works out a program for itself.
Features of Machine Learning
✓Machine learning uses data to detect various
patterns in a given dataset.
✓It can learn from past data and improve
automatically.
✓It is a data-driven technology.
Need for Machine Learning
❖ Currently, machine learning is used in self-driving
cars, cyber fraud detection, face recognition, and
friend suggestion by Facebook, etc.
❖ Various top companies such as Netflix and Amazon
have build machine learning models that are using a
vast amount of data to analyze the user interest and
recommend product accordingly.
Importance of Machine Learning
❖Rapid increment in the production of data
❖Solving complex problems, which are difficult
for a human
❖Decision making in various sector including
finance
❖Finding hidden patterns and extracting useful
information from data.
Applications of Machine learning
Image Recognition:
Image recognition is one of the most common
applications of machine learning.
It is used to identify objects, persons, places,
digital images, etc. The popular use case of
image recognition and face detection is,
Automatic friend tagging suggestion.
Speech Recognition
❖While using Google, we get an option of "Search
by voice," it comes under speech recognition,
and it's a popular application of machine
learning.
❖Speech recognition is a process of converting
voice instructions into text, and it is also known
as "Speech to text", or "Computer speech
recognition."
Traffic prediction
❖If we want to visit a new place, we take help
of Google Maps, which shows us the correct
path with the shortest route and predicts the
traffic conditions.
Product recommendations
❖ Machine learning is widely used by various e-commerce
and entertainment companies such as Amazon, Netflix,
etc., for product recommendation to the user.
❖ Whenever we search for some product on Amazon, then
we started getting an advertisement for the same product
while internet surfing on the same browser and this is
because of machine learning.
❖ Google understands the user interest using various
machine learning algorithms and suggests the product as
per customer interest.
Self-driving cars
❖Machine learning plays a significant role in
self-driving cars.
❖Tesla, the most popular car manufacturing
company is working on self-driving car.
❖ It is using unsupervised learning method to
train the car models to detect people and
objects while driving.
Email Spam and Malware Filtering
❖Whenever we receive a new email, it is
filtered automatically as important, normal,
and spam.
❖We always receive an important mail in our
inbox with the important symbol and spam
emails in our spam box, and the technology
behind this is Machine learning.
Virtual Personal Assistant
❖We have various virtual personal assistants such
as Google assistant, Alexa, Cortana, Siri.
❖As the name suggests, they help us in finding
the information using our voice instruction.
❖These assistants can help us in various ways just
by our voice instructions such as Play music, call
someone, Open an email, Scheduling an
appointment, etc.
Stock Market trading
❖Machine learning is widely used in stock
market trading. In the stock market, there is
always a risk of up and downs in shares.
Medical Diagnosis
❖In medical science, machine learning is used
for diseases diagnoses.
❖It helps in finding brain tumors and other
brain-related diseases easily.
Automatic Language Translation
❖ Nowadays, if we visit a new place and we are not
aware of the language then it is not a problem at all,
as for this also machine learning helps us by
converting the text into our known languages.
❖ Google's GNMT (Google Neural Machine Translation)
provide this feature, which is a Neural Machine
Learning that translates the text into our familiar
language, and it called as automatic translation.
Key differences between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and
Machine learning (ML)
AI Machine Learning
Artificial intelligence is a technology Machine learning is a subset of AI which
which enables a machine to simulate allows a machine to automatically learn
human behaviour. from past data without programming
explicitly.
The goal of AI is to make a smart The goal of ML is to allow machines to
computer system like humans to solve learn from data so that they can give
complex problems. accurate output.
In AI, we make intelligent systems to In ML, we teach machines with data to
perform any task like a human. perform a particular task and give an
accurate result.
Key differences between Artificial Intelligence
(AI) and Machine learning (ML)
AI Machine Learning
Machine learning and deep learning are Deep learning is a main subset of
the two main subsets of AI. machine learning.
AI has a very wide range of scope. Machine learning has a limited scope.
AI is working to create an intelligent Machine learning is working to create
system which can perform various machines that can perform only those
complex tasks. specific tasks for which they are trained.
AI system is concerned about maximizing Machine learning is mainly concerned
the chances of success. about accuracy and patterns.