WEEK 1
Squiggles may be related to
words like confusing, unclear,
noisy. A straight line can be
related to being clear or sure.
Shapes are visual elements created from closed spaces made when a line connects
to itself. Shapes may take different form, it can be square, an outline of an object or
non-realistic forms.
Different Kinds of Shapes
1. Geometric shapes- these are shapes that
are made up of arrangements of squares,
circles, triangles or similar patterns.
2. Organic
shapes- these are shapes which are similar to
those found in nature.
3. Abstract shapes- these are the shapes
that are created in the artists’ imagination
which may take any for. Sometimes, geometric
and organic shapes and lines are used to
create abstract shapes.
IMAGE
Images are visual representations of reality. They
can be drawings, paintings, photographs or even
sculptures. They are made up of specific or
combination of shapes. The purpose of these
images is to express a message.
Message of the image: The
children are all friends even they are
different from one another.
Kinds of Images
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1. Real or factual images- these are images that depict real world objects, events
or people. These images are something that occurs, experienced and is supposed to
be true.
2. Make-believe or non-factual images- these images are
results of people’s imaginations and do not exist. Although
they may share some similar with actual events, they mainly
depict fantasy.
A pencil is used for writing, and it cannot fly in real life.
So, children can’t ride it.
Show an image to the pupils and asks questions.
a. What message does this image tell us?
b. What kind of shapes are used in the image? Are there
geometric shapes? Are there organic shapes?
c. How did the shapes used help in expressing the
message?
WEEK 2
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STORY GRAMMAR
Story Grammar Elements (Grade 4)
1. Characters – Who are in the story? (people, animals, or things)
Example: Juan, his mother, and the giant.
2. Setting – Where and when does the story happen?
Example: In a small village, long ago.
3. Problem / Conflict – What is the main problem the character faces?
Example: The giant took all the food from the village.
4. Events / Plot – What happens in the story? (beginning, middle, end)
Beginning – introduction of characters and setting
Middle – the problem and attempts to solve it
End – how the problem is solved
5. Resolution – How is the problem solved?
Example: Juan tricked the giant and got the food back.
6. Theme / Lesson – What can we learn from the story?
Example: Bravery and cleverness can overcome strength.
7. Author’s Point of View – From what perspective is the story told?
First Person (I, me, my) – narrator is a character
Third Person (he, she, they) – narrator tells about others
Example: The story is told in third person because the narrator is not part of the
story.
8. Genre – What type of story is it?
Fable – teaches a lesson, often with animals as characters
Fairy tale – magical events, once upon a time
Folktale – traditional story passed down orally
Realistic fiction – could happen in real life
Fantasy – make-believe, magical
Nonfiction – true story or information
LEARNING TASK 1.
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the best answer.
1. What do we call the type of story, such as fable, fairy tale, fantasy, or nonfiction?
a) Theme
b) Genre
c) Resolution
d) Plot
2. If the narrator tells the story using “I” or “we,” the point of view is:
a) First person
b) Second person
c) Third person
d) None of the above
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3. Which part of story grammar explains 10. The story ends when the characters
the message or lesson of the story? solve the problem. This part is called:
a) Theme a) Conflict
b) Setting b) Resolution
c) Conflict c) Setting
d) Characters d) Genre
11. Which is NOT usually included in
4. The place and time where the story story grammar?
happens is called: a) Characters
a) Conflict b) Resolution
b) Setting c) Weather forecast
c) Genre d) Plot
d) Resolution 12. When the author writes “You walk
into the forest and hear a sound,” this is
5. Which part of story grammar tells us what point of view?
who the story is about? a) First person
a) Plot b) Second person
b) Characters c) Third person
c) Theme d) None
d) Setting
13. What is another word for “main idea
6. If the narrator is not part of the story or lesson” of a story?
but uses “he,” “she,” or “they,” the a) Plot
point of view is: b) Theme
a) First person c) Conflict
b) Third person d) Setting
c) Second person
d) Author’s opinion 14. The beginning, middle, and end are
all parts of the:
7. What do we call the problem faced by a) Resolution
the main character? b) Setting
a) Resolution c) Plot
b) Conflict d) Genre
c) Theme
d) Setting 15. If a story is true and based on facts,
it is called:
8. Which term means the sequence of a) Nonfiction
events in the story (beginning, middle, b) Fantasy
end)? c) Fiction
a) Theme d) Fable
b) Plot
c) Characters 16. Which part of the story usually
d) Genre introduces the characters and setting?
9. Which part of the story shows how a) Resolution
the conflict is solved? b) Exposition (Beginning)
a) Resolution c) Conflict
b) Plot d) Theme
c) Theme
d) Setting
17. When the story has magic, dragons, or imaginary creatures, the genre is:
a) Nonfiction
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b) Fantasy
c) Reality
d) Realistic fiction
18. A fable is a kind of story that usually has:
a) Talking animals and a lesson
b) Real facts and information
c) Maps and data
d) A hero with magic powers
19. Which story grammar element asks “Who is in the story?”
a) Setting
b) Characters
c) Conflict
d) Theme
20. Which story grammar element asks “What lesson can we learn from this story?”
a) Plot
b) Theme
c) Genre
d) Setting
LEARNING TASK 2.
The Lion and the Mouse
One day, a lion was sleeping under a tree. A little mouse ran across his paw and
woke him up. The lion caught the mouse and was about to eat him. The mouse
begged, “Please let me go! Someday I will help you.” The lion laughed but released
him.
Later, the lion was caught in a hunter’s net. The mouse heard him roar and
quickly gnawed the ropes until the lion was free. The lion thanked the mouse and
learned that even small friends can be a big help.
Directions: Read the story carefully. Then answer each question by choosing the
best answer.
Questions:
1. Who are the main characters in the story?
a) The hunter and the lion
b) The lion and the mouse
c) The mouse and the cat
d) The lion and the fox
2. Where did the story mostly happen?
a) In the hunter’s house
b) In the mountains
c) In the forest
d) In a village
3. What problem did the lion face? 10. What did the mouse use to free the
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a) He was hungry. lion?
b) He was caught in a hunter’s net. a) His teeth to bite the ropes
c) He was lost in the forest. b) His sharp claws
d) He was angry at the mouse. c) A knife he found
d) Help from other mice
4. Which of these events happened
first?
a) The mouse freed the lion. 11. What happened after the lion was
b) The lion fell asleep. freed?
c) The mouse begged for his life. a) The lion ran after the hunter.
d) The hunter caught the lion. b) The lion thanked the mouse.
c) The lion went back to sleep.
d) The mouse was caught in the
5. How was the lion’s problem solved? net.
a) The lion scared the hunter.
b) The mouse freed the lion from the
net. 12. What was the hunter’s role in the
c) The lion broke the ropes himself. story?
d) The hunter decided to let him go. a) To be the main hero
b) To be a helper of the mouse
6. What lesson can we learn from the c) To create the problem for the lion
story? d) To tell the story
a) Never trust strangers.
b) Big friends are better than small
ones. 13. Which word best describes the
c) Even the smallest friend can help in mouse?
a big way. a) Brave
d) Lions should not sleep under trees. b) Lazy
c) Selfish
7. What is the author’s point of view in d) Mean
the story?
a) First person – the mouse tells the
story. 14. Which word best describes the lion
b) First person – the lion tells the at the beginning of the story?
story. a) Angry
c) Third person – the narrator tells the b) Proud
story. c) Sleepy
d) Third person – the hunter tells the d) Playful
story.
8. What is the genre of this story? 15. Which word best describes the lion
a) Fantasy at the end of the story?
b) Reality a) Thankful
c) Fiction b) Cruel
d) Nonfiction c) Hungry
d) Greedy
9. Why did the lion laugh when the
mouse promised to help?
a) He thought the mouse was too
small to help him.
b) He knew the mouse was joking.
c) He wanted to trick the mouse.
d) He didn’t believe hunters were
dangerous.
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WEEK 3-4
Importance of understanding and respecting different cultures:
When we respect other cultures…
we help preserve their traditions and stories. This is important because
every culture has a valuable history to share.
we promote peace and harmony.
we learn to be kind.
we learn to love our own.
How to respect other cultures:
• Do not laugh at it even if it sounds and looks funny to you.
• Read about another culture if you have visitors or friends coming from that
culture.
• Learn some courteous greetings from another culture.
• Visit places to experience another culture
Short Story: The Lost Puppy
One sunny morning, Liza was walking to school when she saw a small puppy
hiding under a bench. The puppy looked scared and hungry. Liza gently picked it up
and asked, “Are you lost, little one?”
She decided to bring the puppy to the barangay hall so the owner could find
it. On her way, she told her classmates about the puppy, and they all smiled. “You
did the right thing, Liza,” her teacher said. Later that day, the puppy’s owner came
and thanked her for being kind and responsible.
A. Note Important Details 4. How did the story end?
1. Where did Liza find the puppy? a. The puppy stayed at school
a. In her school b. The puppy’s owner thanked
b. Under a bench Liza
c. At the market c. Liza kept the puppy forever
d. In her house d. The puppy ran away again
2. What problem did Liza notice B. Express Ideas Appropriately
about the puppy? (Narrative)
a. It was barking loudly 5. Which sentence best shows
b. It was scared and hungry kindness and care?
c. It was playing happily a. “Are you lost, little one?”
d. It was running away b. “This puppy is useless.”
c. “I don’t want this puppy.”
3. What did Liza do to help the d. “Leave the puppy alone.”
puppy?
a. She kept it in her bag 6. Why should we use polite and
b. She left it under the bench respectful words in a story?
c. She brought it to the barangay a. To make the story confusing
hall b. To show good values and
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d. She gave it to her classmates respect
c. To make characters fight
d. To make the story shorter
C. Use Non-Verbal Cues (Facial 9. If you want to act out how Liza
Expressions and Gestures) carried the puppy, what gesture is
7. What facial expression might Liza best?
have when she first saw the a. Folding arms
scared puppy? b. Cupping hands gently
a. Angry face c. Pointing with one finger
b. Worried face d. Jumping up and down
c. Sleepy face 10. When the puppy’s
d. Excited face owner said thank you, what
8. Which facial expression would gesture could show respect and
match the ending when the owner gratitude?
thanked Liza? a. Clapping loudly
a. Crying face b. Waving both hands in the air
b. Smiling face c. Placing a hand on the chest or
c. Frowning face bowing slightly
d. Surprised face d. Crossing arms and looking
away
Generalization / Reviewer
Expressing Ideas Appropriately in a Narrative
In telling or writing a story, we should use words that are clear, polite, and
respectful. This means avoiding offensive words and making sure the message is
suitable for the age, gender, and culture of the audience.
Example: Instead of saying “This puppy is dirty and useless”, Liza said, “Are you
lost, little one?”. This shows kindness and makes the story more pleasant and
valuable.
Type Example Meaning in Filipino Culture
Facial Shows pagbati (greeting), friendliness, or joy, like
1. Smiling Face
Expression when meeting neighbors with “Magandang umaga!”
2. Worried Shows concern (pag-aalala), like when a mother waits
Face for her child who is late from school.
3. Surprised Expresses amazement (gulat), like when children
Face receive pasalubong from their parents.
Shows galit (anger), like when someone breaks school
4. Angry Face
rules.
Expresses lungkot (sorrow), like when a friend moves
5. Sad Face
away.
6. Confused Shows uncertainty (kalituhan), like when a student
Face does not understand a math lesson.
Shows eagerness (sabik), like children on fiesta day
7. Excited Face
waiting for the parade.
Shows takot, like when there’s a sudden blackout
8. Scared Face
during a storm.
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Type Example Meaning in Filipino Culture
Shows karangalan (pride), like when a student
9. Proud Face
receives an award in the flag ceremony.
Shows pagod, like after helping parents
10. Tired Face
during pahinga from farm or household chores.
1. Cupping Shows care (alaga), like holding a chick or helping a
Gesture
Hands Gently younger sibling cross the street.
2. Hand on Expresses sincerity (taos-puso), like saying “Salamat
Chest po” after receiving help.
3. Bowing Shows respect (paggalang), like when greeting elders
Slightly or teachers.
4. Pointing A common Filipino gesture to show direction without
with Lips using hands.
5. Waving Used for greeting (kumakaway), like when relatives
Hand arrive from probinsya.
6. Clapping Shows joy and approval, like cheering after
Hands a barangay fiesta performance.
7. Crossing Shows seriousness or disagreement (hindi pagsang-
Arms ayon), often seen in debates or parent scolding.
8. “Mano Po” Taking elder’s hand to the forehead, showing deep
Gesture respect.
9. Shrugging Shows uncertainty (ewan or hindi ko alam), common
Shoulders among children.
10. Putting Signals “quiet” (tumahimik), often used by teachers in
Finger on Lips class.
Tone refers to the author's attitude or feelings toward the subject matter
or the reader. It can be expressed through the author's choice of words,
descriptions, and the overall writing style.
Mood is the emotional atmosphere or feeling that the text evokes in the
reader. It is often created through the author's tone, setting, and the events in the
story.
WEEK 3-4
Linear texts are structured in a way that needs to be read from beginning to end
while non-linear texts do not have such sequential structure.
examples: essays, novels, and journal articles
The “the reading path” of a non-linear text is non-sequential, so readers can get
meaningful information even without reading the text from beginning to end.
examples: graphs, maps, and brochures
Informational texts are non-fiction writings that provide facts, explanations, or
instructions about a topic. They are written to inform, explain, or teach the reader
rather than to entertain.
Examples of informational texts include:
1. Textbooks (e.g., Science or Araling Panlipunan books)
2. News articles (Balita sa pahayagan o online)
3. Encyclopedias and dictionaries
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4. Instruction manuals (e.g., “Paano gamitin ang rice cooker”)
5. Brochures and pamphlets (e.g., health reminders from DOH)
6. Recipe books (lutong Pinoy recipes like adobo or sinigang)
7. Informational posters (like fire prevention reminders from BFP)
8. Historical markers (halimbawa: Luneta marker for Rizal)
👉 In short, informational texts are writings that give knowledge and facts to help
readers understand the world around them.
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