Keywords

Speakers
Speaker 1 (100%)
0:01
N IELTS, listening version 51400,
0:06
you will hear a number of different recordings, and you will have to answer questions on
what you hear. There will be time for you to read the instructions and questions, and
you will have a chance to check your work.
0:20
All the recordings will be played once only
0:25
the test is in four parts. Write all your answers in the Listening question booklet. At the
end of the test, you will be given 10 Minutes to Transfer your answers to an answer
sheet.
0:40
Now turn to part one on page two of your question booklet,
0:49
part one,
0:52
you will hear a telephone conversation between a man who wants information about
bicycling holidays and a travel agent. First, you have some time to Look at questions
one to five. You
1:28
N Now listen carefully and answer questions. One to five.
1:35
Good morning. Thank you for calling getaway tours. I'm Sandra. How can I help you
today? Hi, Sandra. I've got a lot of questions, but can you first tell me your office hours?
Sure we're open from 10am to 7pm thanks, Sandra. I saw your article in my favorite
magazine last month, and I'd like more information about the different tours we have
gotten a lot of calls about that article. I'm not surprised. Is it true that if I book a tour, the
prices start at only $1,100
2:09
per person? Yes, that's a special offer for this month. Normally, they're from $1,400
2:17
going up to $2,000
2:20
and it includes accommodation and meals. This offer is for any of our 36 different
bicycling tours. Well, I am definitely interested in the bicycling tours, but I thought there
were only 30. Are all of them for a week, most of them, if bicycling is not your thing, we
also have walking tours to choose from. That's a lot of options. Are you aware that our
trips all begin on Tuesday? That's great. It would give me Monday to pack. How do you
suggest I choose from so many options? Yes, it is tough to make a choice. I would love
to hear about your most popular tours
3:05

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before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have Some time to look at questions
six to 10 You
3:36
now listen and answer questions six to 10 in
3:42
I'll start with the bicycling tours. Since you said that was your main interest, my wife and
I are not in great shape for a hard ride. Do you have rides that are at the beginner level?
Sure, there's our Florida trip that's 14 nights, but I'd recommend our holiday on the east
coast of the US, in an area known as the autumn route, which is just six nights with
short, leisurely routes on trails by the riverside and through the forest, you have plenty
of time to explore the landscape during your holiday. Wow, seeing the changing colors
of the leaves would be amazing. Yes, that's right. You also have the option to stop at
some outstanding homes and to see their gardens whichever cycling holiday you
choose. You usually spend two nights at each hotel, and always have plenty of time to
explore rest and sightsee as you wish. Could you tell me about one of your moderate
rides you never know? Maybe my wife and I will get into enough shape to be able to do
one. Well, let me see. Oh, this trip is actually 10 nights long. It travels through par.
5:00
Southern California. The ride begins on a mountain trail and finally brings you down to
the coastal roads. Oh, yes, I see that here on your website. Oh, that looks amazing. I
like that we would have the opportunity to try some of the local cuisine. Yes, the cuisine
in this area makes lavish use of colorful local produce. And then, you know, the great
weather of this region is a great feature by itself. Do we stay in hotels? On this trip, you
stay in hotels most of the way until the end, when you stay on a farm overlooking the
sea that's always really popular. Wow. Both trips sound fabulous. How far in advance do
I have to make reservations?
5:54
That is the end of part one. You now have one minute to check your answers to part
one. I'm
7:00
N, part two,
7:02
you will hear the assistant principal of a primary school talking to a group of parents who
have offered to help with sports activities.
7:13
First, you have some time to Look at questions 11 to 14 in
7:47
N Now listen carefully and answer questions. 11 to 14.
7:54
Good evening, parents and thank you for offering your help. I'm here to talk about the
sports programs that the children are taking part in this term, although we do do sport
during class time, children often have extra activities before or after school or at
weekends, and that's when we need you
8:12
first up. We're looking for parents who would like to become team coaches or
managers. We had some excellent people last year, but some of those parents now

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have other commitments. It's the year four netball team, the year five and six rugby
teams and the year three hockey team that need new people now coaching. I know
some parents might not be completely familiar with say, rugby or netball rules, but don't
let that put you off. Obviously, knowledge of the game helps, but if you're keen, there
are some coaching courses you can take before the training sessions for players begin,
and these also get held throughout the whole season. What's really required is the right
attitude. Are you the kind of person that can motivate kids and make the game seem
exciting?
8:59
All the rugby training and matches are organized by North Shore rugby club. If you do
volunteer to become a rugby coach, you'll need to go along to an important day that's
coming up. That's on Saturday the 23rd
9:11
it takes place on the rugby grounds, and it's when all the kids put their names down for
a team, and the organizers are on hand to give parents a bit more information. Matches
are on Saturday morning and training sessions on a Wednesday after school,
9:26
moving on to netball matches and uniforms, matches are on Monday at 4pm and take
place at the North Harbor netball grounds. And for uniforms, we've just ordered a new
set from the sports store in town and parents must hire one from the school secretary
for $15 which gets refunded at the end of the season.
9:50
Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 15 to 20 in.
10:27
N now listen and answer questions 15 to 20.
10:34
OK, some of you are kindly helping with the cross country running event. Children in
years, three to six will be running from school at the bottom of your map there, the route
isn't marked on your map, I'm afraid, but I'm going to point out some different places
that need parent supervision. The drink station is one if you're handing out water. Head
to the north car park, and the station will be set up on the other side of the road from it,
right by the flagpost.
11:04
Two or three parents will be needed to help out at the major crossing point, just to make
sure everybody's going the right way. So on the map, there's that little footpath going up
past the school. Then it splits into three directions, the crossing point as at the end of
the left hand path heading west, just before you cross Summer Street.
11:27
Now we'll need a couple of parents at the halfway point to send the children in the right
direction. So there are four buildings on the far left hand side. The halfway point is just
to the right of these buildings. Just cheer the kids on. And if anyone has given up
running, that's fine.
11:47
OK, the teacher at our first aid post might need help sticking plasters on. The quickest
way to get to first aid is to head up the footpath next to school. And when you get to the
second turning on the right, head down there, and it's sort of opposite the satellite dish.

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12:06
What else the rest area is for children needing a break, and that's the place nearest the
south car park near the road. And if any parent here is handy with a video camera, we'd
really appreciate some help with filming the event.
12:23
This means heading up the footpath by the school, then keep going up with the flagpost
on your left and the satellite dish on your right, and the filming spot is just there in front
of the trees. Well, I think that covers everything. But if you have any questions, please,
12:44
that is the end of part two. You now have 30 Seconds to check your answers to part
two. You
13:21
part three,
13:23
you will hear two architecture students called Luke and Millie discussing their
assignment about the use of plastic as a building material.
13:33
First, you have some time to Look at questions 21 to 24 in
14:09
N Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 24
14:17
Hi Millie, Hi Luke. So we're here to talk over our first assignment on alternative building
materials. Yeah, I think it will be really interesting to learn more about how plastic has
been used. I found lots of information from the 1960s so did you find out why the idea of
plastic buildings wasn't popular with the public at that time, it wasn't the materials,
environmental credentials, the concept of plastic houses was just too futuristic. So you
mean, it was their appearance. No people liked their modern design, but the idea of that
sort of building as a home just didn't appeal, right?
15:00
Right? I did some research on the kind of problems engineers had with the old plastics
in the 1960s and 1970s What did you learn? Well, firstly, because plastic doesn't weigh
very much, the buildings weren't very good in windy weather. They managed to fix that
by amending the shape of the buildings. But the real disadvantage was that when the
plastic was exposed to the light, it developed fine cracks, and when rain got into these
cracks, the plastic would deform and lose its strength, right? I wonder where we can find
some more information about the situation nowadays. Maybe we could ask one of the
PhD students, I expect they'll be too busy. Yeah, that's true. Well, we could always use
the internet. Maybe we should research more academic sources, like the journals we
have in the library,
15:56
OK, that way we can reference everything properly at the end of the assignment, have
you read Peterson's article about plastic houses? Yeah, it was really good, but it didn't
have enough illustrations of the houses. That was a shame. They'd have been useful for
us as examples in our presentation. I like the way it was organized, though that was
really clear, yeah, and it wasn't too technical, but you did need to know a bit about
plastic houses before you read it, to get the most out of it. NH, that's true.

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16:31
Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have Some time to look at questions 25
to 30 in
17:08
n now listen and answer questions 25 to 30.
17:16
Okay, well, shall we start comparing our findings? Then Sure I'll make some notes.
Well, the earliest one I read about was a plastic house called the House of the future
that was built in 1957
17:32
though no one actually lived in it, it was on show at a theme park in America for 10
years. After that, they demolished it, but they had a hard time. It was really built to last,
but they couldn't break the plastic up. Was that the one that had an ultrasonic
dishwashing machine? Yes, that would still be pretty revolutionary today. Did you read
about the wonder house? It was designed in 1964 by an industrial designer called Alfred
Noyes, oh the one with the roof like a sort of tent or an umbrella, that's right, the roof
was made of fiberglass, and it curved down to the ground at each corner, enclosing a
big central space. Then the sides were filled with glass or plastic. It was a really
innovative idea for the time, but noise only made a small model, and the design wasn't
implemented. Hmm, pity. What about those spaceship houses they built between 1968
and 1978
18:35
like flying saucers, they built over 100 of them. I don't know if I'd want to live in one the
living area was quite limited, and they had really low ceilings. But they do look really
futuristic, don't they, with their white walls and circular shape, yes, but the plastic
houses I like are the foam houses they built between 1979 and 1983
18:59
they've got really curvy shapes. They built them by spraying foam over a great big
balloon. They were partly built to show what computers could do in the home, things like
controlling heat and light and so on, quite new ideas at the time, and they were very well
insulated as well. So they saved energy. People were just beginning to get into that. I
read about a plastic exhibition hall that can all be packed away in a relatively small
container. You just put it on a truck and take it to wherever you want it. Then inflate it,
you know, fill it up with air, and there's room for hundreds of people. And when the
exhibition or whatever's over, you just take it down again and you can reuse it again and
again. And there's a house in New Zealand that's built from household and industrial
waste, like plastic boxes. They say it's a much better construction material than bricks
from the point of view of insulation. Yeah.
20:00
Yes, they're using that idea to build houses in other parts of the world too. Okay, well, it
looks as if we've got plenty of stuff.
20:11
That is the end of part three. You now have 30 Seconds to check your answers to part
three. You
20:40
N.

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20:49
Part Four, you will hear part of a lecture about an early form of photography that
developed in Britain and France called calotype photography.
21:01
First, you have some time to Look at questions. 31 to 40. You
21:56
now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40
22:03
morning, everyone,
22:05
welcome back to this series of lectures on the development of photography.
22:11
Last week, we looked at a type of photography called daguerreotype,
22:16
the first commercially successful photographic process.
22:21
Today, we're going to look at how this was gradually replaced by a technique called
calotype. Daguerreotype was a major breakthrough, but there were problems with it,
22:34
in particular, because the image was produced on a copper sheet, it was expensive to
create each photograph.
22:42
As a result, during the 1840s
22:45
a man named William Talbot began looking for an alternative approach.
22:51
Talbot eventually became an influential figure, but he always said he was not a
professional photographer. In fact, he trained as an artist. His greatest interest was
painting,
23:06
and he only became involved with photography as a secondary interest.
23:12
Talbot spent many years trying to solve the problems associated with Daguerre type
photography.
23:19
He tried a number of different approaches, and it took some time to find a successful
alternative. But in the end, what he did was, instead of producing each photograph on a
sheet of copper, he produced them on paper. And at the time, this was a great advance
23:38
Talbot's technique, which he called calotype photography, had other advantages as
well.
23:46
Maybe the most important was that the pictures themselves weren't as sharp as the
ones produced before. The sharpness had been a problem because it distorted
everything, but this new calotype process produced images that were realistic
compared to all earlier photographs.

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24:06
Calotype photography was invented in Britain, but it was also popular with French
photographers.
24:14
The 1850s were a time of rapid development in France, and photography was used to
record these changes.
24:22
One example of how important photography had become occurred in 1851
24:28
when the French government established a society to promote the interests of
photographers, something that hadn't happened before.
24:37
To begin with, there were five members, and maybe the most important was a man
called Gustave Le gray. Le gray became increasingly fascinated by the callotype
process.
24:51
Most of all, he wanted to produce different types of image. So began a series of
experiments to see how this might be done in.
25:00
N, his greatest success was when he designed the first camera that was able to create
enlargements, an important step forward.
25:10
Another of Le Gray's innovations was his work on the size of the equipment necessary
to take photographs.
25:17
Originally, it was very heavy and difficult to move about, but le gray made it lighter and
smaller.
25:25
This meant he could take photographs outdoors more easily, rather than being limited to
the studio, which had sometimes been the case until then. Le gray produced numerous
photographs during this period, and was highly regarded among fellow photographers,
25:42
but his work also became famous among the general public because he wrote a very
popular series of books describing the calotype process and giving examples of his
work.
25:58
The simple fact was that people liked photography. They thought it was reliable,
especially compared to drawing, where the human hand might alter or exaggerate
things.
26:11
This had various consequences, one of which was that photography was now often
used to record the huge program of renovation work of historical buildings in France
during the 1850s
26:24
the camera doesn't lie, so people said.
26:28

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As a result, the calotype process was admired not only by photographers, but
increasingly by the government and by mainstream society. However, debate still
remained about whether photography could truly be called an art form like sculpture or
drawing, certainly, although the public liked it, in the opinion of critics, photography
could not be compared to other established forms of art.
26:56
So in summary, what can we say about calotype photography during this period.
27:03
One thing to re emphasize is that the 1850s were a period of great development in
Britain and France. The culture in both countries admired all new technological
advances, and photography represented these ideas because it was considered to be a
science by most people.
27:22
However, photographers didn't stop experimenting with new materials to improve the
quality of their work. Most of all, they were searching for ways to make images more
permanent, because calotype photographs tended to fade over time. And in the end,
they found that if the image was produced on glass, it lasted much longer. So calotype
photography was slowly replaced by other techniques which had greater long
27:54
that is the end of Part Four. You now have one minute to check your answers to part
four you
29:01
you that is the end of the listening test. You now have 10 Minutes to Transfer Your
answers to the listening answer sheet you

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