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Manufacturing is the science and art of transforming raw materials into
useful products through a series of technological and value-adding processes.
•It combines engineering design + material science + production techniques.
•A manufacturing
process is not just about
shaping material; it’s
about ensuring
functionality, economics,
reliability, and quality.
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Casting is a manufacturing process in
which molten material (usually metal or
alloy) is poured into a mold cavity of the
desired shape and allowed to solidify.
Once solidified, the material is removed
from the mold to produce a component with
the required shape, size, and properties.
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Forging is a manufacturing process in which
a metal is shaped into the desired form by
applying compressive forces, usually delivered
by a hammer, press, or die.
The process is carried out hot, warm, or
cold, depending on the temperature of the
workpiece.
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Process Flow
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Rolling is a metal forming process in which a
workpiece (usually a metal billet or slab) is passed
between two rotating rolls, which compress it and
reduce its thickness, while increasing its length.
The rolls apply compressive forces to deform the
material plastically.
It is one of the most widely used bulk
deformation processes for producing sheets, plates,
bars, rails, and structural sections.
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Drawing is a metal forming process in which a
material (usually a metal rod, wire, or sheet) is
pulled through a die to reduce its cross-
sectional area and increase its length.
It is a plastic deformation process (metal
flows plastically under tensile/compressive
stresses).
The process improves dimensional
accuracy, strength, and surface finish.
Drawing = Pulling material through a die →
Smaller cross-section + Greater length
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Sintering is a thermal treatment process in which compacted
powder particles (metals, ceramics, or alloys) are heated to a
temperature below their melting point, causing them to bond
together through diffusion, forming a solid, dense material.
Sintering = Heating compacted powder → Bonding of particles →
Dense solid part
It is a key step in Powder Metallurgy and ceramic
manufacturing.
Improves strength, density, and structural integrity of powder
compacts.
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Extrusion is a metal forming and shaping process in
which a billet (workpiece) is forced to flow through a die
of the desired cross-sectional shape under compressive
force.
It produces long products with uniform cross-
sections.
The process can be performed hot, warm, or cold
depending on material and requirement.
Extrusion = Forcing material through a die → Long
product with uniform cross-section
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The bending process is a metal forming operation
in which a force is applied to a material (typically
sheet metal, bar, or plate) to cause it to bend at an
angle and form a desired shape — such as a V, U,
or channel. It’s one of the most common forming
processes used in industries like automotive,
aerospace, construction, and appliance
manufacturing.
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