Alternate Solutions for waste management in GTA

Prepared by :
Jaspreet singh

Instructor: Prashant Mali

Department of Mechanical Engineering technician

Canadore college@ Stanford Mississauga
Mississauga, Ontario
December 16, 2018

Waste management in GTA 1

 Table of contents

1. Executive Summary
2. Impact
2.1. Upcoming changes
3. Introduction
3.1. Reason for acting on issue
3.2. Why it is a big issue in GTA
3.3. Recent report of waste generation

4. Different types of waste generation

5. Four R’s
5.1. Reuse
5.2. Reduce
5.3. Recycle
5.4. Refuse
6. Causes
7. Alternate solution : Modern technique of waste management
8. Conclusion: waste hierarchy
9. References

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1. Executive summary

Waste management are the activities and actions required to manage waste from its
generation to the final stage that is disposal. Waste management is collection, transportation
and disposal of garbage, sewage and other waste material. It is the process of treating solid
waste product and providing a variety of alternate solutions for recycling items that does not
belong to trash. It is about how garbage can be used as a valuable resource. Waste generated
can be of different types like solid, liquid, gaseous or plasma; each type has a different way of
disposal and management. Waste management deals with all types of waste, including
industrial, organic, waste from houses or locality. Waste can become a treat to human health.
Waste generated from human activities like processing and manufacturing can have adverse
affects on human health as well as ecosystem or aesthetics.

In today’s era, demand of supply is high as population is increasing day by day. On average,
person generates 4.40 pounds per person per day. Which is decreasing in countries with
developed societies and modern solutions. Although, countries with huge population and
demand for goods face difficulty to manage their waste and its disposal. Nowadays, large
proportion of waste material is bulk of debris that is created by household, industrial and
commercial activities.

In major cities of Canada like Toronto, Solid waste management is the municipal service that
handles the transfer and disposal of garbage as well as processing and rate of recyclable
materials collected trough the blue box program in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It also facilitates
programs to provide help to residents and business reduce their production of waste.

2. Impact statement

Waste management practices will help to reduce the waste disposal issues in Canadian
municipalities. With increase in modern technologies that helps to tackle the uprising problems
of landfill disposal and others will provide a better future result. In a futuristic point of view
cities will be more sustainable towards energy consumption and resources. Sustainability helps

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to use the natural resources in a controlled manner so that they can be used without
compromising the needs of future generation. Nowadays, people start changing their living
standard to sustainable living standard. With increase in awareness among people and different
methods to control waste generation would the world to build a better future with abundant of
natural resources.

In market sector, consumer starts buying products that are more environmentally friendly and
reliable. Demand for organic biodegradable products is increasing day by day. Countries
agendas are to make green cities and localities with zero waste and less energy consumption.
Above picture shows the agenda to convert waste into energy.

Anaerobic Digestion: The Future of Waste Management. (2015, September 08). Retrieved from
[Link]

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3. Introduction

As volume of waste is increasing day by day, there is a major issue related to its disposal and
available area for landfills. Landfills are an increasingly pressing problem. Small area of land
is available to deposit refuse, but due to increase in waste. As a result, dividing waste into
dry and wet categories is not just of environmental importance, but also of economic
concern.
There is a need for proper waste management because, most of the countries in the world
are under developed and due to less availability of land and resources with huge demand
for goods and services, the waste generated per person per day is more than the waste
generated per person per day in developed countries. Due to huge difference in data,
international organisations stated to reduce the waste generation. As rate of global
warming is increasing day by day with increase in green house gases emission that results in
depletion of ozone layer. Due to debris produced by humans, it gives a boost to the rate of
global warming.
In megacities like Toronto or the area of GTA, these areas are highly dense with the public
housing, buildings, roads, highways, apartments, skyscrapers, etc. This results in increase in
waste generation that requires area for landfills. For the waste generated by activities in
GTA the area requires for dumping the waste is small, which causes a need to manage the
waste. Moving further, due to increase in demand for products, the garbage produced by
everyone in Canada is high than compare to Singapore and other countries.

Although, Canada is having a good GDP and great amount of natural resources, but waste
generation is still a major cause of lacking behind in developing sector. Managing waste is
not an easy task for government and people, this requires a hand on hand challenge for
both. People participation and awareness in managing waste is the key to change the
scenario of present society into a zero-waste society. In 2017, a total of 395,907 tonnes of
residential waste was diverted from landfill through programs such as:

• Blue Bin recycling

• Green Bin organics

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 • Yard waste and Christmas trees
• Backyard composting
• Community Environment Days
• Household hazardous waste
• Grass cycling
• Large appliance/scrap metal
• Electronic waste pickup.

The combined residential diversion rate of 53 per cent – which is one per cent higher than
2016 – represents the number of diverted tonnes achieved by both single-family homes and
multi-residential buildings (categorized as having nine or more units).

This breaks down into a:

• 66 per cent diversion rate for residents living in single-family homes

• 28 per cent for residents living in multi-residential buildings.

The improvement in the diversion rate is the result of an increase in the amount of Green
Bin organics collected. This increase could be due to the new larger Green Bins that were
provided to all single-family households as well as the continued and growing use of the
Green Bin organics program in multi-residential buildings.

4. Different types of waste

Generally, if we talk about types of waste than the waste generated can be of two types
normally:-

• Biodegradable waste:-
Waste which can be decomposed by bacteria or other enzymes are called as
biodegradable waste. For example, jut bags, paper, organic material(material from
plants, animals waste, etc.).
• Non-biodegradable waste:-

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 Waste which can not get decomposed by the action of enzymes and bacteria is
called as non-biodegradable waste. For example, plastic bags, complex polymer,
synthetic polymer, etc.

But nowadays, there are five types of waste as:-

1. Liquid Waste:-

Liquid waste is commonly found both in households as well as in industries. This waste
includes dirty water, organic liquids, wash water, waste detergents and even rainwater.

You should also know that liquid waste can be classified into point and non-point source
waste. All manufactured liquid waste is classified as point source waste. On the other
hand, natural liquid waste is classified as non-point source waste.

It is best getting in touch with waste removal experts, such as 4 Waste Removals, to
dispose of liquid waste properly. Here is the picture that shows liquid waste coming out
from industry:

Wastewater Stock Video Footage - 4K and HD Video Clips. (n.d.). Retrieved December
21, 2018, from [Link]

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2. Solid Rubbish:-

Solid rubbish can include a variety of items found in your household along with
commercial and industrial locations.

Solid rubbish is commonly broken down into the following types:

• Plastic waste – This consists of bags, containers, jars, bottles and many other products
that can be found in your household. Plastic is not biodegradable, but many types of
plastic can be recycled. Plastic should not be mix in with your regular waste, it should be
sorted and placed in your recycling bin.

• Paper/card waste – This includes packaging materials, newspapers, cardboards and

other products. Paper can easily be recycled and reused so make sure to place them in
your recycling bin or take them to your closest Brisbane recycling depot.

• Tins and metals – This can be found in various forms throughout your home. Most
metals can be recycled. Consider taking these items to a scrap yard or your closest
Brisbane recycling depot to dispose of this waste type properly.

• Ceramics and glass – These items can easily be recycled. Look for special glass recycling
bins and bottle banks to dispose them correctly.

If you still cannot grasp the concept of recycling, then an incredibly easy and efficient
way to dispose solid rubbish is by hiring a Brisbane waste removal company, like 4
Waste Removals, to take care of your recycling for you. We will removal all your rubbish
and ensure it is disposed of properly. Here is the picture showing Solid waste
generation:

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 (n.d.). Retrieved December 21, 2018, from
[Link]

3. Organic Waste:-

Organic waste is another common household. All food waste, garden waste, manure
and rotten meat are classified as organic waste. Over time, organic waste is turned into
manure by microorganisms. However, this does not mean that you can dispose them
anywhere.

Organic waste in landfills causes the production of methane, so it must never be simply
discarded with general waste. Instead, look to get a green bin from the Brisbane council,
or hire a green skin bin or garden bag for proper waste disposal.

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 Reduce your FOOD print – Organic waste management in hotels in the UAE. (2015,
November 25). Retrieved December 21, 2018, from [Link]
reduce-your-foodprint-organic-waste-management-hotels-uae/

4. Recyclable Rubbish:-

Recyclable rubbish includes all waste items that can be converted into products that can
be used again. Solid items such as paper, metals, furniture and organic waste can all be
recycled.

Instead of throwing these items in with regular waste, which then ends up in landfills,
place them in your yellow recycling bin or take them to your local Brisbane recycling
depot.

If you’re unsure whether an item is recyclable or not, look at the packaging or the
diagrams on the lid of your yellow recycling bin. Most products will explicitly state
whether they are recyclable or not.

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 Recycling & Waste. (n.d.). Retrieved December 21, 2018, from
[Link]

5. Hazardous Waste:-

Hazardous waste includes all types of rubbish that are flammable, toxic, corrosive and
reactive. These items can harm you as well as the environment and must be disposed of
correctly. Therefore, I recommend you make use of a waste removal company for
proper disposal of all hazardous waste.

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 50k Pounds of Hazardous Waste Collected. (2016, August 23). Retrieved December 21,
2018, from [Link]

5. Four R’s
The waste management hierarchy breaks this process down into four parts, also known as
the Four R's: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. Most people know them by heart as a slogan,
but they're a hierarchy that starts with the first and most preferable option and goes down the
ladder. Don't recycle plastic, for example, when you can reuse it, or—even better—quit using it
altogether in the first place.

After all, while a lot of materials can be recycled, breaking them down and turning them into
new items still incurs environmental and financial costs. The more single-use plastics you
refuse, the less items you'll have to reduce and reuse. After refusing, reducing, and reusing as
much as possible, recycling is the last resort.

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 • Benefits of the project
Expansion of road benefits a lot to the community as well as state like there would be
less chances of congestions on road, there will be no problem or any kind of obstacle in
case of extreme weather conditions like snow and rain, there would be proper drainage
and sewer system, traffic lights would be there to operate the traffic, it would be easier
for pedestrians to cross the street or road.

• Modelling and predicting upcoming obstacles

Road construction projects can provide high profits to the contractors but sometimes it
can also be at risk. There are various problems that came during the construction of
roads like loose surface soil particles, dust emission, & soil erosion due to slopes and
water. Due to these reasons, there can also be delay in the construction of road. Apart
from the environmental reasons, there are some technology issues as well. With the
time, technology has transformed the industry, and whoever cannot keep up with it will
be left behind. Nowadays, there are few major technologies that were widely used in
the construction industry. The construction technologies include cloud-based software,

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 integrated collaboration, and mobile project management. The Machinery which is used
in road construction or expansion sites are:-
• Motor grader
• Asphalt mixing plant
• Road roller machine
• Crawler excavator, etc.

• Conclusions
The Project would deliver a net benefit to road users through improvements to road
safety and increased capacity. During construction, road conditions may vary, and travel
times may be increased. However, construction impacts would be short-term only and
these impacts could be managed effectively through the implementation of Traffic
Management Plans and communication with road users.

• References
• (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2018, from
[Link]

• (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2018, from

[Link]
m/&httpsredir=1&article=2307&context=himalaya

• (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2018, from [Link]

in-road-construction

• (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2018, from [Link]

construction-equipment-defined/

• (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2018, from

[Link]

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