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IB Chemistry Equilibrium Practice Questions

The document is an examination paper for IB Chemistry SL/HL focusing on the topic of equilibrium. It includes various questions related to chemical reactions, equilibrium constants, Le Chatelier's principle, and the Haber process, requiring calculations and explanations. The paper is structured into multiple sections with specific questions for both Standard Level (SL) and Higher Level (HL) students.

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14 views9 pages

IB Chemistry Equilibrium Practice Questions

The document is an examination paper for IB Chemistry SL/HL focusing on the topic of equilibrium. It includes various questions related to chemical reactions, equilibrium constants, Le Chatelier's principle, and the Haber process, requiring calculations and explanations. The paper is structured into multiple sections with specific questions for both Standard Level (SL) and Higher Level (HL) students.

Uploaded by

janicellchancl
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

IB Chemistry SL/HL Name: __________________________

Topic 7 Equilibrium Full mark: 50 (SL) / 54 (HL)

SL Q 1 – 6, HL Q 1 - 7

1. Phosgene, COCl2(g) is added into a glass flask. When heated to 575 K, it decomposes
reversibly into carbon monoxide, CO(g), and chlorine, Cl2(g), according to the equation.

COCl2(g) ⇌ CO(g) + Cl2(g) DH

(a) (i) Using the thermodynamic data provided below, calculate the DH of the reaction.
Given: DHfo (kJ mol-1) COCl2(g) = –220.96; CO(g) = –110.53 [2]
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(ii) Anson said when a catalyst is added to the equilibrium mixture, the DH will change.
Comment and explain whether Anson is correct. [2]
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(b) (i) Write an expression for the equilibrium constant Kc. [1]

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(ii) Calculate the equilibrium constant if the equilibrium concentrations are [CO(g)] =
0.0367 M, [Cl2(g)] = 0.0367 M and [COCl2(g)] = 0.5388 M. State the unit of Kc.
[2]
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1
(c) A student added 0.0015 M of COCl2(g) and 0.0015 M CO(g) into the same equilibrium
mixture. Deduce and explain how the equilibrium position shifts when exposed to the
change. [2]
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(d) With reference to the Le Chatelier’s principle, deduce and explain the position of
equilibrium if the volume of reaction flask is reduced. [3]
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(e) With reference to the Le Chatelier’s principle, deduce and explain the position of
equilibrium if argon gas, Ar(g), a noble gas, is introduced to the equilibrium mixture.
[3]
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2
2. (a) The following equilibrium is established at 1 700°C.

CO2(g) + H2(g) ⇌ H2O(g) + CO(g)

If only carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas are present initially, sketch on a graph a line
representing rate against time for (i) the forward reaction and (ii) the reverse reaction until
shortly after equilibrium is established. Explain the shape of each line. [7]

(b) The Kc of the equilibrium reaction at two temperature were determined:

Temperature / °C Kc
850 1.1
1700 4.9

Using the data provided, deduce and explain whether the reaction is exothermic or
endothermic. [3]
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3
3. Consider the following reversible reactions:

Reaction 1: 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) ⇌ 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g) DH1 = –900 kJ mol-1

Catalyst used: Platinum

Reaction 2: CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g) DH2 = –91 kJ mol-1

Catalyst used: Copper

(a) Engineers carry out these reactions with catalysts in the industrial processes. State and
explain the effect on the yield of the reaction when the catalyst is used. [2]
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(b) Chris hypothesized when the pressure of the above systems are increased at a constant
temperature, the yields of the product in both reactions increase. Evaluate and explain
whether Chris is correct. [3]
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4
(c) (i) Write the equilibrium constant expression for reaction 2. [1]
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(ii) At 227 °C, 0.272 mol of CO(g) and 0.254 mol of H2(g) are mixed in a 2.00 dm3
flask.

When equilibrium is reached, 0.240 mol of CO(g), 0.191 mol of H2(g) and 0.0316
mol of CH3OH(g) were found in the flask. Determine the Kc of the reaction and state
the unit of Kc. [3]
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(iii) Calculate the percentage conversion of CO(g) and H2(g) into CH3OH(g) respectively
in the above reaction. [3]

amount of substance A converted


% conversion = ´ 100%
initial amount of substance A

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5
4. The diagrams below represent equilibrium mixtures for the reaction Y + X2 ⇌ XY + X at
350 K and 550 K respectively. Deduce and explain whether the reaction is exothermic or
endothermic. [2]

X= 350 K 550 K

Y=

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6
5. The table below shows the percentage yield of ammonia obtained in the Haber process under
different conditions:

Pressure/ Temperature/°C
atm 200 300 400 500
10 50.7 14.7 3.9 1.2
100 81.7 52.5 25.2 10.6
200 89.1 66.7 38.8 18.3
300 89.9 71.1 47.1 24.4
400 94.6 79.7 55.4 31.9
600 95.4 84.2 65.2 42.3

(a) From the given data, identify which combination of temperature and pressure gives the
highest yield of ammonia. [1]
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(b) The equation of the Haber process is:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g) ∆H is negative

State and explain the effect on the yield of ammonia in the following situations:

(i) pressure increased [2]


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(ii) temperature increased [2]


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(c) In practice, Haber process are typically carried out at 500 °C and 200 atm. Explain why
these conditions are used rather than those that give the highest yield. [2]
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6. Consider the following equilibrium system:

CO(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ H2(g) + CO2(g) ∆Ho = –42 kJ

(a) Under a constant temperature and pressure, 2.0 mol of carbon monoxide and 3.2 mol of
steam were left to reach equilibrium in a reaction flask. At equilibrium, 1.6 mol of
hydrogen and 1.6 mol of carbon dioxide were present. Calculate the amount, in mol, of
carbon monoxide and steam at equilibrium and the value of Kc. [2]
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(b) Under the same temperature and pressure, 2.0 mol of carbon monoxide and 2.0 mol of
steam were left to reach equilibrium in a reaction flask. Calculate the amount of each
reactant and product at equilibrium.

(If you were unable to calculate a value for Kc in (i) use the value 9.0, although this is not
the correct value). [2]
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7. Consider the following reaction:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)

Calculate the value of the concentration of ammonia at equilibrium with the following given
information:

Temperature = 27°C
∆Go = –33.32 kJ mol–1
[N2]eqm = 0.020 mol dm–3
[H2]eqm = 0.10 mol dm–3
[4]
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